Med Term 2 Chapter 05

Front 1

acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

Back 1

respiratory failure as a result of disease or injury. Symptoms include dyspnea, tachypnea, and cynanosis (also called adult respiratory distress syndrome

Front 2

asthma

Back 2

respiratory disease characterized by coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath, caused by constriction and inflammation of airways that is reversible between attacks.

Front 3

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Back 3

a progressive lung disease restricting air flow, which makes breathing difficult. Chronic bronchitis and emphysema are the two main components of COPD. Most COPD is a result of cigarette smoking.

Front 4

coccidioidomycosis

Back 4

fungal disease affecting the lungs and sometimes other organs of the body (also called valley fever or cocci).

Front 5

cor pulmonale

Back 5

serious cardiac disease associated with chronic lung disorders, such as emphysema.

Front 6

croup

Back 6

condition resulting from acute obstruction of the larynx, characterized by a barking cough, hoarseness, and stridor. It may be caused by viral or bacterial infection, allergy, or foreign body. Occurs mainly in children.

Front 7

cystic fibrosis (CF)

Back 7

hereditary disorder of the exocrine glands characterized by excess mucus production in the respiratory tract, pancreatic deficiency, and other symptoms.

Front 8

deviated septum

Back 8

one part of the nasal cavity is smaller because of malformation or injury of the nasal septum

Front 9

emphysema

Back 9

stretching of lung tissue caused by the alveoli becoming distended and losing elasticity and as a result, the body does not receive enough oxygen (component of COPD)

Front 10

epistaxis

Back 10

nosebleed (synonymous with rhinorrhagia)

Front 11

idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)

Back 11

chronic progressive lung disorder characterized by increasing scarring, which ultimately reduces the capacity of the lungs; etiology unknown

Front 12

influenza

Back 12

highly contagious and often severe viral infection of the respiratory tract

Front 13

obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)

Back 13

repetitive pharyngeal collapse during sleep, which leads to absence of breathing; can produce daytime drowsiness and elevated blood pressure

Front 14

pertussis

Back 14

highly contagious bacterial infection of the respiratory tract characterized by an acute crowing inspiration, or whoop (also called whooping cough)

Front 15

pleural effusion

Back 15

fluid in the pleural space caused by a disease process or trauma

Front 16

pulmonary edema

Back 16

fluid accumulation in the alveoli and bronchioles, most often a manifestation of heart failure

Front 17

pulmonary embolism (PE)

Back 17

matter foreign to the circulation, carried to the pulmonary artery and its branches, when it blocks circulation to the lungs and be fatal if of sufficient size or numbers. Blood clots broken loose from the deep veins of the lower extremities are the most common source of emboli

Front 18

tuberculosis (TB)

Back 18

infectious bacterial disease, most commonly spread by inhalation of small particles and usually affecting the lungs; may spread to other organs

Front 19

upper respiratory infection (URI)

Back 19

infection of the nasal cavity, pharynx, or larynx (most commonly called a cold)

Front 20

chest computed tomography (CT) scan

Back 20

computerized radiographic images of the chest performed to diagnose tumors, abscesses, and pleural effusion

Front 21

chest radiograph (CXR)

Back 21

radiographic image of the chest performed to evaluate the lungs and the heart (also called a chest x-ray)

Front 22

ventilation-perfusion scanning (VPS)

Back 22

nuclear medicine procedure used to diagnose pulmonary embolism. Also called lung scan)

Front 23

acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear

Back 23

test performed on sputum to determine the presence of acid-fast bacilli, which cause turberculosis

Front 24

sputum culture and sensitivity (C&S)

Back 24

test performed on sputum to determine the presence of pathogenic bacteria. Used to diagnose pulmonary abscess, bronchitis, and pneumonia

Front 25

arterial blood gases (ABGs)

Back 25

test performed on arterial blood to determine levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH

Front 26

peak flow meter (PFM)

Back 26

portable instrument used to measure how fast air can be pushed out of the lung; used to help monitor asthma and adjust medicine accordingly

Front 27

pulmonary function tests (PFTs)

Back 27

group of tests performed to measure breathing capacity and used to determine external respiratory function; when abnormal, they are useful in distinguishing COPD from asthma

Front 28

pulse oximetry

Back 28

nonevasive method of measuring oxygen in the blood by using a device that attaches to the fingertip

Front 29

auscultation

Back 29

the act of listening for sounds within the body through a stethoscope; used for assessing and/or diagnosing conditions of the lungs, pleura, heart, and abdomen

Front 30

percussion

Back 30

the act of tapping a body surface with the fingers to determine the density of the part beneath by the sound obtained. A dull sound indicates the presence of fluid in a body space or cavity such as in the pleural space

Front 31

PPD (purified protein derivative) skin test

Back 31

test performed on individuals who have recently been exposed to tuberculosis. Also called TB skin test.

Front 32

stethoscope

Back 32

instrument used to hear internal body sounds; used for performing auscultation and blood pressure measurement

Front 33

airway

Back 33

passageway by which air enters and leaves the lungs as well as the mechanical device used to deep the air passageway unobstructed

Front 34

asphyxia

Back 34

deprivation of oxygen for tissue use; suffocation

Front 35

aspirate

Back 35

to withdraw fluid or suction fluid; also to draw foreign material into the respiratory tract

Front 36

bronchoconstrictor

Back 36

agent causing the narrowing of the bronchi

Front 37

bronchodilator

Back 37

agent causing the bronchi to widen

Front 38

crackles

Back 38

discontinuous sounds heard primarily with a stethoscope during inspiration that resembles the sound of the rustling cellophane. Often heard at the base of the lung posteriorly in heart failure, pneumonia, and pulmonary fibrosis (also called rales)

Front 39

hyperventilation

Back 39

ventilation of the lungs beyond normal body needs

Front 40

hypoventilation

Back 40

ventilation of the lungs that does not fulful the body's gas exchange needs

Front 41

mucopurulent

Back 41

containing both mucus and pus

Front 42

mucus

Back 42

slimy fluid secreted by the mucous membranes

Front 43

nebulizer

Back 43

device that creates a mist used to deliver medication for giving respiratory treatment

Front 44

nosocomial infection

Back 44

an infection acquired during hospitalization

Front 45

paroxysm

Back 45

periodic, sudden attack

Front 46

patent

Back 46

open, the opposite of closed or compromised, thus allowing passage of air, as in patent trachea and bronchi (can be applied to any tubular passageway in the body, as in a patent artery, allowing the passage of blood)

Front 47

rhonchi

Back 47

low-pitched with a snoring quality, breath sounds heard with a stethoscope suggesting secretions in the large airways

Front 48

sputum

Back 48

mucous secretion from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea expelled through the mouth

Front 49

stridor

Back 49

harsh, high-pitched breath sound heard on inspiration; indicates an acute laryngeal obstruction

Front 50

ventilator

Back 50

mechanical device used to assist with or substitute for breathing

Front 51

ABGs

Back 51

arterial blood gases

Front 52

AFB

Back 52

acid-fast bacilli

Front 53

ARDS

Back 53

acute respiratory distress syndrome

Front 54

C&S

Back 54

culture and sensitivity

Front 55

CPAP

Back 55

continuous positive airway

Front 56

CF

Back 56

cystic fibrosis

Front 57

CO2

Back 57

carbon dioxide

Front 58

COPD

Back 58

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Front 59

CT

Back 59

computed tomography

Front 60

CXR

Back 60

chest radiograph (chest x-ray)

Front 61

flu

Back 61

influenza

Front 62

IPF

Back 62

idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Front 63

LLL

Back 63

left lower lobe

Front 64

LTB

Back 64

laryngotracheobronchitis

Front 65

LUL

Back 65

left upper lobe

Front 66

O2

Back 66

oxygen

Front 67

OSA

Back 67

obstructive sleep apnea

Front 68

PE

Back 68

pulmonary embolism

Front 69

PFM

Back 69

peak flow meter

Front 70

PFTs

Back 70

pulmonary function tests

Front 71

PSG

Back 71

polysomnography

Front 72

RLL

Back 72

right lower lobe

Front 73

RML

Back 73

right middle lobe

Front 74

RUL

Back 74

right upper lobe

Front 75

SOB

Back 75

shortness of breath

Front 76

TB

Back 76

tuberculosis

Front 77

URI

Back 77

upper respiratory infection

Front 78

VPS

Back 78

ventilation-perfusion scanning

Front 79

alveolus (pl. alveoli)

Back 79

air sac at the end of the bronchioles

Front 80

bronchus (pl. bronchi)

Back 80

tube carrying air between the trachea and lungs

Front 81

larynx

Back 81

location of the vocal cords; also called the voice box

Front 82

lungs

Back 82

two spongelike organs located in the thoracic cavity; the right lung consists of three lobes, and the left lung has two lobes

Front 83

pharynx

Back 83

acts as food and air passageway; also called the throat

Front 84

pleura

Back 84

membrane covering the lung

Front 85

adenoids

Back 85

lymphoid tissue on the posterior wall of the nasal cavity; also called the pharyngeal tonsils

Front 86

trachea

Back 86

passageway for air to the bronchi from the larynx; also called the windpipe

Front 87

mediastinum

Back 87

space between the lungs

Front 88

nose

Back 88

lined with mucous membrane and fine hairs; it acts as a filter to moisten and warm the entering air

Front 89

nasal septum

Back 89

partition separating the right and left nasal cavities

Front 90

paranasal sinuses

Back 90

air cavities within the cranial bones that open into the nasal cavities

Front 91

tonsils

Back 91

lymphoid tissue located on the lateral wall at the junction of the oral cavity and oropharynx

Front 92

epiglottis

Back 92

flap of cartilage that automatically covers the opening of the larynx and keeps food from entering the larynx during swallowing

Front 93

bronchioles

Back 93

smallest subdivision of the bronchial tree