Med Term Chap 8

Front 1

central nervous system
(CNS)

Back 1

brain and spinal cord

Front 2

brain

Back 2

portion of the CNS contained w/in the cranium

Front 3

cerebrum

Back 3

largest portion of the brain

Front 4

frontal lobe

Back 4

anterior section of each cerebral hemisphere; responsible for voluntary muscle movement

Front 5

parietal lobe

Back 5

portion posterior to the frontal lobe; responsible for hearing, taste, and smell

Front 6

temporal lobe

Back 6

portion that lies below the frontal lobe; responsible for hearing, taste, and smell

Front 7

occipital lobe

Back 7

portion posterior to the parietal and temporal lobes; responsible for vision

Front 8

cerebral cortex

Back 8

outer layer of the cerebrum consisting of gray matter; responsible for higher mental function

Front 9

thalamus

Back 9

each of 2 gray matter nuclei dep within the brain; responsible for relaying sensory information to the cortex

Front 10

gyri

Back 10

convolutions (mounds) of the crebral hemispheres

Front 11

sulci

Back 11

shallow grooves that seperate gyri

Front 12

fissures

Back 12

deep grooves in the brain

Front 13

cerebellum

Back 13

portion of the brain located below the occipital lobes of the cerebrum; rsponsible for control and coordination of the skeletal muscles

Front 14

brainstem

Back 14

region of the brian that serves as a relay betwen the cerebrum, cerebellum, and spinal cord; responsible for breathing, heart rate, and body temperature; 3 levels are the mesencephalon (midbrain), pons, and medulla oblongata

Front 15

ventricles

Back 15

series of interconnected cavities within the cerebral hemispheres and brainstem filled with cerebospinal fluid

Front 16

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Back 16

plasma-like clear fluid circulating in and around the brain and spinal cord.

Front 17

spinal cord

Back 17

column of nervous tissue from the brainstem through the vertebrae; responsible for nerve conduction to and from the brain and the body

Front 18

meninges

Back 18

three membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord, consisting of the duramater, pia mater, and arachnoid matter

Front 19

peripheral nervous system
(PNS)

Back 19

nerves that branch from the nerves that branch from the central nervous system including nerves of the brain (cranial nerves) and spinal cord (spinal nerves)

Front 20

cranial nerves

Back 20

12 pairs of nerves arising from the brain

Front 21

spinal nerves

Back 21

31 pairs of nerves arising from the spinal cord

Front 22

sensory nerves

Back 22

nerves that conduct impulses body parts and carry sensory information to the brain; also called afferent nerves
(ad= toward; ferre=carry)

Front 23

motor nerves

Back 23

nerves that conduct motor impulses from the brain to muscles and glands; also called efferent nerves (e=out; ferre= carry)

Front 24

autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Back 24

nerves that carry involuntary impulses to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and various glands

Front 25

hypothalamus

Back 25

control center for the autonomic nervous system located below the thalamus (diencephalon)

Front 26

sympathetic nervous system

Back 26

division of the autonomic nervous system that is concerned primarily with preparing the body in stressful or emergency situations

Front 27

parasympahetic nervous system

Back 27

division of the autonomic nervous system that is most active in ordinary conditions; it counterbalances the effects of the sypathetic system by restoring the body to a restful state after a stressful experience

Front 28

aphasia
dysphasia

Back 28

impairment because of a localized brain injury that affects the understanding, retrieving, and formulating of meaningful and sequential elements of language, as demonstrated by an inability to use and comprehend words; occurs as a result of stroke, head trauma, or disease

Front 29

coma

Back 29

a general term referring to levels of decreased consciousness with varying responsiveness; a common method of assessment is the Glasgow Coma Scale

Front 30

delirium

Back 30

a state of mental confusion caused disturbances in cerebral function; the many causes include fever, shock, and drug overdose

Front 31

dementia

Back 31

an impairment of intellectual function characterized by memory loss, disorientation, and confusion

Front 32

motor deficit

Back 32

loss or impairment of muscle function

Front 33

sensory deficit

Back 33

loss or impairment of sensation

Front 34

neuralgia

Back 34

pain along the course of a nerve

Front 35

paralysis

Back 35

temporary or permanent loss of motor control

Front 36

flaccid paralysis

Back 36

defective (flabby) or absent muscle control caused by a nerve lesion

Front 37

spastic paralysis

Back 37

stiff and awkward muscle control caused by a central nervous system disorder

Front 38

hemiparesis

Back 38

partial paralysis of the right or left half of the body

Front 39

scatica

Back 39

pain that follows the pathway of the sciatic nerve, caused by compression or trama of the nerve or its roots

Front 40

seizure

Back 40

sudden, transient disturbances in the brain function resulting fom an abnormal firing of nerve impulses; may or may not be associated with convulsion

Front 41

convulsion

Back 41

to pull together; type of seizure that causes a series of sudden involuntary contractions of muscles

Front 42

syncope

Back 42

fainting

Front 43

tactile stimulation

Back 43

evoking a response by touching

Front 44

hyperesthesia

Back 44

increased sensitivity to stimulation such as touch or pain

Front 45

parathesia

Back 45

abnormal sensation of numbness and tingling without objective cause

Front 46

agnosia

Back 46

any of many types of loss of neurological function involving interpretation of sensory information

Front 47

astereognosis

Back 47

inability to judge the form of an object by touch ( e.g., a coin from a key)

Front 48

atopognosis

Back 48

inability to locate a sensation properly, suach as an inability to locate a point toiched on the body

Front 49

Alzheimer disease

Back 49

disease of structural changes in the brain resulting in an irreversible deterioration that progresses from forgetfulness and disorientation to loss of all intellectual functions, total disability, and death

Front 50

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

Back 50

condition of progressive deterioration of motor nerve cells resulting in total loss of voluntary muscle control; symptoms advance fom muscle weakness in the arms and legs to the muscles of speech, swallowing and breathing, to total paralasis and death; also known as Lou Gehrig disease

Front 51

cerebral palsy (CP)

Back 51

condition of motor dysfunction caused by damage to the cerebrum during developmentor injury at birth; characterized by partial paralysis and lack of muscle coordination.

Front 52

palsy

Back 52

paralysis

Front 53

cerebrovascular disease

Back 53

disorder resulting from a change within one or more blood vessels of the brain

Front 54

cerebral atherosclerosis

Back 54

conditionof lipid (fat) buildup within the blood vessels

Front 55

cerebral arteriosclerosis

Back 55

hardening of the arteries of the brain

Front 56

ather/o

Back 56

fatty (lipid) paste

Front 57

cerebral aneurysm

Back 57

dilation of a blood vessel in the brain

Front 58

aneurysm

Back 58

dilation or widening

Front 59

cerebral thrombosis

Back 59

presence of a stationary clot in a blood vessel of the brain

Front 60

cerebral embolism

Back 60

obstruction of a blood vessel in the brain by an embolus transported through the circulation

Front 61

cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
stroke

Back 61

damage to the brain caused by cerebrovascular disease, such as occlusion of a blood vessel by a thrombus or embolus (ischemic stoke) or intracranial hemorrhage after rupture of an aneurysm (hemorrhagic stroke)

Front 62

transient ischemic attack (TIA)

Back 62

brief episode of loss of blood flow to the brain, usually caused by a partial occlusion that results in temporary neurologic deficit (impairment); often precedes a CVA

Front 63

encephalitis

Back 63

inflammation of the brain

Front 64

epilepsy

Back 64

disorder affecting central nervous system; characterized by recurrent seizures

Front 65

tonic- clonic seizure

Back 65

stiffening-jerking; a major motor seizure involving all muscle groups; previously termed grand mal (big bad) seizure

Front 66

absence seizure

Back 66

seizure involving a brief loss of consciousness w/o motor involvment; previously termed petit mal (little bad) seizure

Front 67

partial seizure

Back 67

seizure involving only limited areas of the brain with localized symptoms

Front 68

glioma

Back 68

tumor of glial cells graded according to degree of malignancy

Front 69

herniated disk or disc

Back 69

protrusion of a degenerated or fragmented intervertebral disk so that the nucleus pulposus protrudes, causing compression on the nerve root

Front 70

herpes zoster

Back 70

viral disease affecting the peripheral nerves, characterized by painful blisters that spread over the skin following the affected nerves,usually unilateral; also known as shingles

Front 71

Huntington chorea
Huntington disease (HD)

Back 71

hereditary disease of the central nervous system characterized by bizarre, involuntary body movements and progressive dementia

Front 72

hydrocephalus

Back 72

abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain as a result of developmental anomalies, infection, injury, or tumor

Front 73

meningioma

Back 73

benign tumor of the coverings of the brain (the meninges)

Front 74

meningitis

Back 74

inflammationof the meninges

Front 75

migraine headache

Back 75

paroxysmal (sudden periodic) attacks of mostly unilateral headache, often accompanied by disordered vision, nausea, or vomiting, lasting hours or days and caused by dilation of arteries

Front 76

multiple sclerosis (MS)

Back 76

disease of the CNS characterized by the demyelination (deterioration of the myelin sheath) of nerve fibers, with episodes of neurologic dysfunction (exacerbation) followed by recovery (remission)

Front 77

myathenia gravis

Back 77

autoimmune disorder that affects the neuromuscular junction, causing a progressive decrease in muscle strength; activity resumes and strength returns after a period of rest

Front 78

myelitis

Back 78

inflammatrion of the spinal cord

Front 79

neural tube defects

Back 79

congenital deformities of the brain and spinal cord caused by incomplete development of the neural tube, the embryonic structure that forms the nervous system

Front 80

narcolepsy

Back 80

sleep disorder characterized by a sudden, uncontrollable need to sleep, attacks of paralysis (cataplexy), and dreams intuding while awake (hypnagogic hallucinations)

Front 81

anencephaly

Back 81

defects in the closure of the cephalic portion of the neural tube, that results in the incomplete development of the brain and bones of the skull; the most drastic neural tube defect usually results in a stiibirth

Front 82

spina bifida

Back 82

defect in development of the spinal column characterized by the absence of vertebral arches, often resulting in pouching of the meninges (meningocele) or of the meninges and spinal cord (meningomyelocele) considered to be the most common neural tube defect

Front 83

bifida

Back 83

spilt into 2 parts

Front 84

parkinsons disease

Back 84

condition of slowly progressive degeneration in an area of the brainstem (substantia nigra) resulting in a decrease of dopamine (a chemical neurotransmitter necessary for proper movement); characterized by tremor, rigidity of muscles, and slow movements (bradykinesia); usually occurs later in life

Front 85

plegia

Back 85

paralysis

Front 86

hemiplegia

Back 86

paralysis on one side of the body

Front 87

paraplegia

Back 87

paralysis from the waist down

Front 88

quadriplegia

Back 88

paralysis of all four limbs

Front 89

poliomyelitis

Back 89

inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord caused by a virus, often resulting in spinal and muscle deformity and paralysis

Front 90

polio

Back 90

grey

Front 91

polyneuritis

Back 91

inlammation involving two or more nerves, often caused by a nutritional deficiency, such as lack of thiamine

Front 92

sleep apnea

Back 92

periods of breathing cessation (10 seconds or more) that occur during sleep, often causing snoring

Front 93

electrodiagnostic procedures

Back 93

diagnostic procedure used to evaluate the function of the nervous system by recording the electrical signals produced in the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves.

Front 94

electroencephalogram (EEG)

Back 94

record the minute electriical impulses of the brain; used to identify neurolgical conditions that effect brain function and level of consciousness

Front 95

evoked potentials

Back 95

record of minute electrical potentials (waves) that are extracted from ongoing EEG activity to diagnose auditory, visual and sensory pathway disorders; also used to monitor the neurologic function of patients during surgery

Front 96

polysomnography

Back 96

recordin of various aspects of sleep ( e.g., eye and muscle movements, respiration, and EEG patterns) to diagnose sleep disorders