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228 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
ankyl/o
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stiff joint
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arthr/o
|
joint
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articul/o
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joint
|
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burs/o
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sac
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carp/o
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wrist
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cervic/o
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neck
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chondro/o
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cartilage
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clavicul/o
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clavicle, collarbone
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coccyg/o
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coccyx, tailbone
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cost/o
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rib
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crani/o
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skull, hear
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femor/o
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femur, thigh bone
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fibul/o
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fibula, smaller outer bone of lower leg
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humer/o
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humerus, upper arm bone
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ili/o
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ilium, part of hipbone
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ischi/o
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ischium, part of hipbone
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kyph/o
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hump
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lamin/o
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lamina, part of vertebra
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lord/o
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swayback, curve
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lumb/o
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loin, lower back
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mandibul/o
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mandible, jawbone
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maxill/o
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maxilla, upper jawbone
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metacarp/o
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metacarpals, hand bones
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matatars/o
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metatarsals, foot bones
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myel/o
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bone marrow
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orth/o
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straight
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oste/o
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bone
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patell/o
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patella, knee cap
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ped/o
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foot
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pelv/o
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pelvis
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phalang/o
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phalanges, bones of the fingers and toes
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pub/o
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pubis, part of hipbone
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radi/o
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radius, lower arm bone
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sacr/o
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sacrum
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scapul/o
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scapula, shoulder blade
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scoli/o
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crooked, bent
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spondyl/o
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vertebrae, backbone
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stern/o
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sternum, breastbone
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synovi/o
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synovial membrane
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tars/o
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ankle
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thorac/o
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chest
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tibi/o
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tibia, inner bone of lower leg
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uln/o
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ulna, lower arm bone
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vertebr/o
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vertebra, backbone
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-blast
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immature, embryonic
ex. osteoblast |
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-clasia
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to surgically break
ex. osteoclasia |
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-desis
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stabilize, fuse
ex. arthrodesis |
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-listhesis
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slipping
ex. spondylolisthsis |
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-malacia
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softening
ex. osteomalacia |
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-porosis
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porous
ex. osteoporosis |
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-scopy
|
procedure to visually examine
ex. arthroscopy |
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-tome
|
insturment to cut
ex. osteotome |
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condyle
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a smooth rounded portion at the end of a bone
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epicondyle
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a projection located above or on a condyle
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trochanter
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the large rough process on the femur for the attachment of a muscle
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tubercle
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a rough process that provides the attachment for tendons and muscles
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tuberosity
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rough process that provides the attachment of tendons and muscles
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sinus
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hollow cavity within a bone
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foramen
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a smooth round opening for nerves and blood vessels
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fossa
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consists of a shallow cavity or depression on the surface of a bone
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fissure
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slit-type opening
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arthralgia
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joint pain
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arthrocentesis
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puncture to withdraw fluid from a joint
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arthroclasia
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surgically breaking a joint
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arthrodesis
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fusion of a joint
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arthritis
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joint inflammation
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arthrotomy
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incision into a joint
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bursectomy
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excision of a bursa
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bursitis
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inflammation of a bursa
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bursolith
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stone in a bursa
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chondrectomy
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excision of cartilage
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chondromalacia
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cartilage softening
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chondroplasty
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surgical repair of cartilage
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intracranial
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pertaining to inside the skull
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craniotomy
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incision into the skull
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myeloma
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bone marrow tumor
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osteocarcinoma
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cancerous bone tumor
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osteochondroma
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bone and cartilage tumor
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osteoclasia
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to surgically break a bone
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osteomalacia
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bone softening
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osteomyelitis
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inflammation of bone and bone marrow
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osteotomy
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incision into a bone
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osteopathy
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bone disease
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osteotome
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instument to cut bone
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intervertebral
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pertaining to between vertebrae
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callus
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mass of bone tissue that forms at a fracture site during its healing
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crepitaion
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noise produced by bones or cartilage rubbing together in conditions such as arthritis
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exostosis
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bone spur
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kyphosis
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abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine
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lordosis
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abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine
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orthopedics
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branch of medicine specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of conditions of the musculoskeletal system
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orthopedist
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physician who specializes in treatment of condition of the musculoskeletal system
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orthotics
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a brace or splint used to prevent or correct deformities
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orthotist
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person skilled in making and fitting orthotics
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podiatrist
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specialist in treating disorders of the feet
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prosthesis
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artificial device that is used as a substitute for a body part that is either congenitally missing or is absent as a result of accident or disease
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prosthetist
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person who fabricates and fits prostheses
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ankylosing spondylitis
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inglammatory spinal condition that resembles rheumatoid arthritis, results in gradual stiffening and fusion of the vertebrae
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bunion
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inflammation of the bursa of the great toe
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carpal tunnel syndrome
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pain caused by compression of the nerve as it passes between the bones and ligaments of the wrist
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closed fracture
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a fracture in which there is no open skin wound, simple fracture
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Colles' fracture
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a common type of wrist fracture
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comminuted fracture
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fracture in which the bone is shattered, splintered, or crushed into many small pieces or fragments
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compound fracture
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fracture in which the skin has been broken through to the fracture, open fracture
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dislocation
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occurs when the bones in a joint are displaced from their normal alignment
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Ewing's sarcoma
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malignant growth found in the shaft of long bones that spreads through the periosteum, removal is treatment of choice, because this tumor will metastasize or spread to other organs
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fracture
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a broken bone
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gout
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inflammation of the joints caused by excessive uric acid
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greenstick fracture
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fracture in which there is an incomplete break, one side of bone is broken and the other side is bent
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herniated nucleus pulposus
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herniation or protrusion of an intervertebral disk
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impacted fracture
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fracture in which bone fragments are pushed into each other
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myeloma
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malignant tumor orginating in the bone marrow
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oblique fracture
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fracture at an angle to the bone
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open fracture
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fracture in which the skin has been broken through to the fracture
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osteoarthritis
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arthritis resulting in degeneration of the bones and joints, especially those bearing weight, results in bone rubbing against bone
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osteogenic sarcoma
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the most commone type of bone cancer, usually begins in osteocytes found at the ends of long bones
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osteomalacia
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softening of the bones caused by a deficiency of calcium
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osteoporosis
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decrease in bone mass that results in a thinning and weakening of the bone with resulting fractures, the bone becomes more porous, especially in the spine and pelvis
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Paget's disease
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a fairly common metabolic diesease of the bone from unknown causes, it usually attacks middle-aged and elderly people and is characterized by bone destruction and deformity
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pathologic fracture
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fracture caused by disease or weakened bone
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rheumatoid arthritis
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chronic form of arthritis with inflammation of the joints, sweeling, stiffness, pain, and changes in the cartilage that can result in crippling deformities
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rickets
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deficiency in calcium and vitamin D found in early childhood that results in bone
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scoliosis
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abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
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simple fracture
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a fracture in which there is no open skin wound
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spina bifida
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a congenital anomaly that occurs when a vertebra fails to fully form around the spinal cord
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spinal stenosis
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narrowing of the spinal canal causing pressure on the cord and nerves
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spinal fracture
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fractue in which the fracture line spirals around the shaft of the bone, can be caused by a twisting injury and is often slower to heal than other types of fractures
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spondylolisthesis
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the forward sliding of a lumbar vertebra over the vertebra below it
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spondylosis
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a degenerative condition of the vertebral column
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strain
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damage to the ligaments surrounding a joint due to overstretching, but no dislocation of the joint
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systemic lupus erythematosus
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chronic inflammatory disease of connective tissue that causes injury to the joints, skin, kidneys, heart, lungs, and nervous system, characteristic butterfly rash or erythema may be present
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talipes
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congenital deformity of the food, clubfoot
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transverse fracture
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complete fracture that is straight across the bone at right angles to the long axis of the bone
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whiplash
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injury to the bones in the cervical spine as a result of a suddent movement forward and backward of the head and neck
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arthography
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visualization of a joint by radiographic study after injection of a contrast medium into the joint space
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arthroscopy
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examination of the interior of a joint by entering the joint with an arthroscope, torn ligaments can be repaired while the patient is undergoing arthroscopy
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bone scan
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patient is given a radioactive dye and the scanning equipment is used to visualize bones, useful in observing progress of treatments for osteomyelitis and cancer metastases to the bone
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myelpgraphy
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study of the spinal column ofter injecting opaque contrast material, useful in identifying herniated nucleus pulposus
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photon absorptionmetry
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measurement of bone density using an intrument for the purpose of detecting osteoporosis
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amputation
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partial or complete removal of a limb for a variety of reasons, including tumors, gamgrene, intractable pain, crushing injury, or uncontrollable infection
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arthroscopic surgery
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use of an arthroscope to facilitate performing surgery on a joint
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bone graft
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use of an arthroscope to facilitate performing surgery on a joint
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bunionectomy
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removal of the bursa at the joint of the great toe
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carpal tunnel release
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surgical cutting of the ligament in the wrist to relieve nerve pressure caused by carpal tunnel syndrome, which can result from repetitive motion such as typing
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cast
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application of a solid material to immobilze an extremity or portion of the body as a result of a fracture, dislocation, or severe injury
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diskectomy
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removal of a herniated intervertebral disk
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laminectomy
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removal of the vertebral posterior arch to correct severe back problems and pain caused by compression of a spinal nerve
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reduction
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correcting a fracture by realigning the bone fragments, closed reduction is doing this manipulation without entering the body, open reduction is the process of making a surgical incision at the site of the fracture to do the reduction, necessary when bony fragments need to be removed
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spinal fusion
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surgical immobilization of adjacent vertebrae
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total hip replacement
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surgical reconstruction of a hip by implanting a prosthetic or artificial hip joint
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total knee replacement
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sugical reconstruction of a knee joint by implanting a prosthetic knee joint
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bone reabsorption
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conditions that result in weak and fragil bones, such as osteoporosis and Paget's disease, are improved by medications that reduce the reabsorption of bones
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calcium supplements and Vitamin D therapy
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maintaining high blood levels of calcium in association with vitamin D helps maintain bone density and treats osteomalacia, osteoporosis, and rickets
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corticosteroids
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a hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that has very strong anti-inflammatory properties, useful in treating rheumatoid arthritis
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nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
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a large group of drugs including aspirin and ibuprofen that provide that provide mild pain relief and anti-inflammatory benefits for conditions such as arthritis
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fasci/o
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fibrous band
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fibr/o
|
fibers
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leiomy/o
|
smooth muscle
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muscul/o
|
muscle
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my/o
|
muscle
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myocardi/o
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heart muscle
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myos/o
|
muscle
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plant/o
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sole of foot
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rhabdomy/o
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skeletal muscle
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ten/o
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tendon
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tend/o
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tendon
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tendin/o
|
tendon
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-asthenia
|
weakness
ex. myasthenia |
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-kinesia
|
movement
ex. bradykinesia |
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-trophy
|
development, nourishment
ex. hypertrophy |
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ab-
|
away from
ex. abduction |
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ad-
|
toward
ex. aduction |
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circum-
|
around
ex. circumduction |
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abduction
|
movement away from the midline of the body
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adduction
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movement toward midline of the body
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flexion
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act of bending or being bent
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extension
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movement that brings limb into or toward a straight condition
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dorsiflexion
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backward bending, as of hand or foot
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plantar flexion
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beding sole of foot, pointing toes downward
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eversion
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turning outward
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inversion
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turning inward
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pronation
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to trun downward or backward as with the hand or foot
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supination
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turning the palm or foot upward
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elevation
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to raise a body part, as in shrugging the shoulders
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depression
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a downward movement, as in dropping the shoulders
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circumduction
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movement in a circular direction from a central point
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opposition
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moving thumb away from palm, the ability to move the thumb into contact with the other fingers
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rotation
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moving around a central axis
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fasciitis
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inflammation of fascia
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fasciorrhaphy
|
suture fascia
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fasciotomy
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incision into fascia
|
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leiomyofibroma
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fibrous smooth muscle tumor
|
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leiomyoma
|
smooth muscle tumor
|
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electromyogram
|
record of muscle electricity
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myopathy
|
muscle disease
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myoplasty
|
surgical repair of muscle
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myorrhaphy
|
suture a muscle
|
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polymyositis
|
inflammation of many muscles
|
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rhabdomyolysis
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skeletal muscle destruction
|
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rhabdomyoma
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skeletal muscle tumor
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tendynia
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tendon pain
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tenomyopathy
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disease of tendons and muscle
|
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tenorrhaphy
|
suture a tendon
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tendoplasty
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surgical repair of tendon
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tendotomy
|
incision into tendon
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tendinitis
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inflammation of tendon
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tendinous
|
pertaining to tendons
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bradykinesia
|
slow movement
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dyskinesia
|
difficult or painful movement
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hyperkinesia
|
excessive movement
|
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atrophy
|
lack of development
|
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dytrophy
|
difficult (poor) development
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hypertrophy
|
excessive development
|
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adhesion
|
scar tissue forming in the fascia surrounding a muscle, making it difficult to stretch the muscle
|
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contracture
|
an abnormal shortening of a muscle, making it difficult to strecth the muscle
|
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spasm
|
a sudden, involuntary, strong muscle contraction
|
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torticollis
|
severe neck spasms pulling the head to one side, wryneck, or crick in the neck
|
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fibromyalagia
|
a condition with widespread aching and pain in the muscles and soft tissue
|
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ganglion
|
cyst that forms on tendon sheath, usually on hand, wrist, or ankle
|
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lateral epicondylitis
|
inflammation of the muscle attachment to the lateral epicondyle of the elbow, caused by strong gripping, tennis elbow
|
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muscular dystrophy
|
inherited disease causing a progressive degeneration, weakness, and atrophy
|
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psuedohypertrophic muscular dystrophy
|
one type of inherited muscular dystrophy in which the muscle tissue is gradually replaced by fatty tissue, making the muscle look strong
|
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sprain
|
damage to the muscle and soft tissue due to overuse of overstretching
|
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creatine phosphokinase
|
a muscle enzyme found in skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle, blood levels become elevated in disorders such as heart attack, muscular dystrophy, and other skeletal muscle pathologies
|
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deep tendon reflexes
|
muscle contraction in response to a stretch caused by striking the muscle tendon with a reflex hammer, test used to determine if muscles are responding properly
|
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electroyography
|
study and record of the strength and quality of muscle contractions as a result of electrical stimulation
|
|
muscle biopsy
|
removal of muscle tissue for pathological examination
|
|
muscle relaxants
|
medication to relax skeletal muscles in order to reduce muscle spasms, antispasmodics
|