Med Term Ch 8 Digestive System & Ch 9 Urinary System

Front 1

BS

Back 1

bowel sounds

Front 2

AC

Back 2

before meal

Front 3

CBD

Back 3

common bile duct

Front 4

ERCP

Back 4

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography - a procedure that combines upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy and x rays to treat problems of the hepatic duct, common bile duct, and pancreatic ducts

Front 5

HAV

Back 5

hepatitis A virus

Front 6

HSV-1

Back 6

herpes simplex virus type 1

Front 7

n&v

Back 7

nausea and vomiting

Front 8

pc

Back 8

after meals

Front 9

bar/o

Back 9

weight

Front 10

chol/e

Back 10

bile

Front 11

cirrh/o

Back 11

yellow

Front 12

anastomosis

Back 12

surgical connection between two structures

Front 13

gavage

Back 13

feeding directly to stomach through tube

Front 14

lavage

Back 14

washing out the stomach

Front 15

laparotomy

Back 15

the way a physician can see all intestinal organs

Front 16

FOBT

Back 16

fecal occult blood test - stool sample testing to determine if microscopic amounts of blood are present; colorectal cancer

Front 17

section of small intestine (order)

Back 17

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Front 18

sections of colon/large intestine (order)

Back 18

cecum, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoidal colon, rectum

Front 19

ascites

Back 19

accumulation of fluid in the abdomen/peritoneal cavity

Front 20

intussusception

Back 20

inversion of one portion of the intestine with another, most common in children

Front 21

Crohn's disease

Back 21

form of chronic IBD affecting primarily the ileum and/or colon, aka regional ileitis

-autoimmune condition affects all layers of the bowel wall and results in scarring and thickening of the gut wall

Front 22

diverticulosis/diverticulitis

Back 22

out pouching of colon which can become infected and bleed

-inflammation of the diverticulum (an out-pouching off the gut) especially in the colon

Front 23

volvulus

Back 23

when intestine twists upon itself

Front 24

EGD

Back 24

esophagogastroduodenoscopy- upper endoscopy (cirrhosis, crohn's) - use of endoscope to examine esophagus, stomach, and duodenum

Front 25

renal pelvis

Back 25

point of convergence for 2 or 3 major calyces; F(x): acts as a funnel for urine flowing to ureter

Front 26

hydronephrosis

Back 26

swelling of kidney due to a buildup of a urine, since urine cannot drain

Front 27

enuresis

Back 27

inability to control urine, urinary incontinence

Front 28

wilm's tumor

Back 28

malignant kidney tumor usually affecting children

Front 29

BUN test

Back 29

blood urea nitrogen test - measures the amt of nitrogen in your blood that comes from the waste product urea.

-tests kidney and liver functions by determining whether urea nitrogen levels are higher than normal

Front 30

creatinine clearance

Back 30

test of kidney function; creatnine is a waste product cleared from the bloodstream by the kidneys

high creatinine may be a sign of kidney damage

Front 31

HD

Back 31

hemodialysis

Hint 31

a machine filters wastes, salts and fluid from your blood when your kidneys are no longer healthy enough to do this work adequately (outside of body)

Front 32

IVP

Back 32

intravenous pyelogram - an x-ray exam that uses an injection of contrast material to evaluate your kidneys, ureters and bladder and help diagnose blood in the urine or pain in your side or lower back

Front 33

nephropexy

Back 33

fixes a kidney that's out of place

Hint 33

nephr/o - kidney

-pexy - surgical fixation

Front 34

SG

Back 34

urine specific gravity test - a laboratory test that shows the concentration of all chemical particles in the urine

Front 35

VCUG

Back 35

voiding cystourethrogram - a technique for visualizing a person's urethra and urinary bladder while the person urinates (voids), uses contrast dye

Front 36

RP

Back 36

retrograde pyelogram - diagnostic x ray procedure in which dye is inserted through urethra to outline the bladder, ureters, and renal pelvis

Front 37

ESWL

Back 37

extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy - soundwaves to crush stones

Front 38

urinometer

Back 38

measures specific gravity of urine, part of urinalysis

Front 39

diuresis

Back 39

increased formation and excretion of urine

Front 40

oligouria

Back 40

producing too little urine

Hint 40

olig/o - scanty, uria = urine condition

Front 41

renal colic

Back 41

pain caused by a kidney stone

Front 42

ureterectasis

Back 42

ureter is stretched out or dilated

Hint 42

ureter/o - ureter

-ectasis - dilated

Front 43

urethrorrahgia

Back 43

profuse bleeding from the urethra

Hint 43

urethr/o - urethra

-rrhagia - abnormal flow condition

Front 44

ATN

Back 44

acute tubular necrosis

Hint 44

damage to renal tubules due to presence of toxins in the urine or to ischemia

Front 45

diabetic nephropathy

Back 45

accumulation of damage to the glomerular capillaries due to chronic high blood sugars of diabetes mellitus

Front 46

What is the result of glomerulonephritis?

Back 46

inflammation of the kidney (glomerulus), which causes it to become more permeable, which allows protein and blood cells to enter filtrate
-results in protein & blood in urine

Front 47

nephroptosis

Back 47

downward displacement of the kidney out of its normal location

Hint 47

nephr/o- kidney

-ptosis - drooping

Front 48

NS

Back 48

nephrotic syndrome - damage to the glomerulus resulting in protein in the urine (decrease of protein in blood)

Front 49

What is the most common type of kidney disease? What does it most often result in?

Back 49

pyelonephritis

-may be the result of UTI that moved up ureters

-may result in WBCs, bacteria or blood in urine

Front 50

urinanalysis

Back 50

UA - lab test consisting of physical, chemical, and microscopic test of urine

Front 51

KUB

Back 51

kidneys, ureters, bladder - x ray taken of abdomen

Front 52

hematochezia

Back 52

passing bright red stools

Hint 52

hemat/o-blood

Front 53

melena

Back 53

passage of dark tarry stools

Front 54

pyrosis

Back 54

pain and burning sensation usually caused by stomach acid splashing up into esophagus

Hint 54

pyr/o-fire

-osis - abnormal condition

Front 55

apthous ulcers

Back 55

canker sores in mouth

Front 56

sialadenitis-

Back 56

salivary gland

Front 57

esophageal varices

Back 57

enlarged and swollen varicose veins in the lower end of the esophagus

Hint 57

esophag/o-esophagus

-eal - pertaining to

Front 58

hiatal hernia

Back 58

protrusion of the stomach through the diaphragm and extending into the thoracic cavity -GERD is common symptom

Front 59

PUD

Back 59

peptid ulcer disease - ulcer occurring in lower portion of esophagus, stomach and/or duodenum - H pylori

Front 60

anal fistula

Back 60

abnormal tube-like passage from the surface around the anal opening directly into the rectum

Front 61

ileus

Back 61

severe abdominal pain, inability to pass stools, vomiting, and abdominal distension as a restult of an intestinal blockage

Front 62

inguinal hernia

Back 62

hernia or protrusion of a loop of small intestines into the inguinal region

Front 63

ALT

Back 63

alanine transminase - enzyme present in blood. elevated blood levels in people with liver disease

Front 64

AST

Back 64

aspartate transaminase - blood enzyme; elevated in persons with liver disease

Front 65

O&P

Back 65

ova and parasites - examination of feces with a microscope for presence of parasites or their eggs

Front 66

serum bilirubin

Back 66

blood test to determine the amt of waste product bilirubin in the bloodstream. elevated levels indicated liver disease

Front 67

PTC

Back 67

percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography - contrast medium injected into liver to visualize bile ducts for gallstones or other obstructions

Front 68

H2 receptor antagonist

Back 68

used to treat peptic ulcers and GERD; blocks H2 receptors from increasing production of stomach acid. lowering stomach acid

Hint 68

ranitidine, zantac, pepcid

Front 69

proton pump inhibitors

Back 69

used to treat peptic ulcers and GERD, blocks stomach's ability to secrete acid

Hint 69

Nexium, prilosec