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156 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Endocardium |
Inner lining of the heart. This layer of endothelial cells lines the chambers and valves within the heart. |
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Myocardium |
Muscle layer of the heart. This is literally the heart muscle and gives the heart power to push blood throughout the body. |
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Pericardium |
Membrane surrounding the heart. This membrane is actually a two-layer sac made up of the visceral pericardium. The visceral layer adheres to the heart, whereas the parietal layer lines the fibrous outer portion of the pericardium. the space between the heart and the pericardium is termed the pericardial space. Within this pericardial space is a fluid that acts as a lubricant for the membranes as the heart beats. This fluid is called pericardial fluid. |
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Aorta |
largest artery in the body |
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aortic valve |
valve between the left ventricle and aorta |
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apex |
pointed end of the heart |
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artery |
largest vessel in the body; carries blood away from the heart |
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atrioventricular bundle |
specialized muscle fibers in the interventricular septum; carry electrical impulses to the ventricles. Also called bundle of His. |
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Atrioventricular node (AV node) |
specialized tissue in the intertribal septum; carries impulses from the SA node to the AV node |
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Atrioventricular Valves (AV valves) |
Valves between the atria and ventricles |
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Atrium (plural: atria) |
two upper heart chambers |
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Base |
Cranial portion of the heart |
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Bicuspid valve |
Valve between the left atrium and left ventricle. Also called mitral valve or left AV valve
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Capillaries |
smallest blood vessels
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Carbon dioxide |
gas released by tissue cells and transported to the heart and lungs for exhalation |
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coronary arteries |
supply blood and oxygen to the myocardium |
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deoxygenated blood |
oxygen-poor blood |
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diastole |
the relaxation phase of the heartbeat |
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endocardium |
inner lining of the heart |
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endothelium |
epithelial cells lining the heart cavities and vessels |
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myocardium |
muscle layer of the heart |
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oxygen |
gas that enters the blood through the lungs and travels to the heart to be pumped to the rest of the body |
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oxygenated blood |
oxygen-rich blood |
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pericardium |
membrane surrounding the heart |
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pulmonary artery |
artery that carries blood from the heart to the lungs |
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pulmonary circulation |
flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back again |
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pulmonary valve |
valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery |
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pulse |
heartbeat felt through the walls of the arteries |
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semilunar valves |
valves between the entrances of the aorta and pulmonary artery. referred to as semilunar because they are shaped like a half moon |
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septum |
partition |
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sinoatrial node |
pacemaker of the heart |
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sinus rhythm |
normal heart rhythm |
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systemic circulation |
flow of blood from the body cells to the heart and back out to the body cells |
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systole |
contraction phase of the heart |
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valves |
structures in veins and in the heart that temporarily close an opening so that blood can flow in one direction |
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vein |
thin-walled vessel that carries blood towards the heart |
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vena cavae |
largest vein in the body |
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ventricles |
two lower chambers of the heart |
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aneurysm |
sac (dilation) formed by weakening of a blood vessel. Can lead to hemorrhage and stroke |
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arrhythmia |
abnormal heart rhythm. also called dysrhythmia |
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asystole |
without contraction; lack of heart activity |
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atherosclerosis |
hardening of arteries due to plaque buildup |
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auscultation |
listening with a stethoscope to sounds within the body. Thoracic auscultation is used to listen to heart and breath sounds. Abdominal auscultation is often used to listen to gut sounds |
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Cardiac hypertrophy |
enlargement of the heart due to increased cell size |
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cardiac tamponade |
compression of the heart due to fluid or blood in the pericardial sac |
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congenital heart disease |
abnormalities of the heart at birth |
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congestive heart failure |
heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood |
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capillary refill time |
the time it takes for the mucous membranes to return to a normal pink color after applying finger pressure |
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defibrillation |
use of electrical shock to restore normal heart rhythm |
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echocardiogram |
high-frequency sound waves and echoes that produce an image of the heart |
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embolism |
blockage of a vessel by a clot or foreign material |
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embolus |
a detached, moving clot |
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fibrillation |
rapid, random, and irregular contractions of the heart |
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flutter |
rapid but regular contractions of the atria and ventricles. can be further isolated as an atrial flutter or ventricular flutter depending on the chambers involved |
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heartworm disease |
infestation of the parasite dirofilaria immitis in the right ventricle and pulmonary arteries. transmitted after a blood meal from a mosquito. |
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hypertension |
increased blood pressure |
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hypotension |
decreased blood pressure |
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hypoxia |
decreased oxygen to tissue |
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infarction |
area of dead tissue |
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ischemia |
lack of blood flow to tissues |
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mitral valve prolapse |
displacement of the bicuspid valve leading to incomplete closure of the valve during ventricular contraction |
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murmur |
an extra heart sound |
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occlusion |
blockage; obstruction or closure of body passage |
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patent |
open; unobstructed. term can be used to describe vessels and catheters |
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paten ductus arteriosis |
condition in which the small duct between the aorta and pulmonary artery, which normally closes after birth, remains open. The duct itself is called the ductus arterioles. PDA causes continuous murmur, fatigue, and exercise intolerance. It is most often seen in collies, shelties, old english sheepdogs, and pomeranians |
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perfusion |
passage of fluid through the blood vessels of a specific organ; blood flow through tissue |
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pericardial effusion |
escape of fluid into the pericardial sac leading to cardiac tamponade. an effusion is an escape of fluid and can occur anywhere in the body |
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premature ventricular contraction |
ventricles are triggered to contract by the purkinje fibers rather than the SA node |
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shock |
inadequate tissue perfusion. blood pools in the capillaries to increase the blood volume of the patient, which then decreases its flow to vital organs |
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sphygmomanometer |
instrument that measures arterial blood pressure |
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stent |
small expander inserted into tubular structures such as vessels to provide support and prevent collapse |
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tetralogy of fallot |
congenital malformation of the heart that combines four structural deficits: pulmonary artery stenosis, ventricular septal defect, aortic right shift, and right ventricular hypertrophy |
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thrill |
vibration felt on palpation of the chest. usually caused by turbulence in the heart |
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thrombus |
stationary clot attached to the wall of a vessel |
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ventricular septal defect |
small hole(s) in the inter ventricular septum. Causes shunting of the blood and therefore deoxygenated blood is pumped to the rest of the body |
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vasoconstriction |
narrowing of a vessel |
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vasodilation |
expansion of a vessel |
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angi/o |
vessel |
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aort/o |
aorta |
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ather/o |
artery |
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arteri/o |
artery |
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atri/o |
atrium |
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capn/o |
carbon dioxide |
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cholesterol/o |
cholesterol |
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cardi/o |
heart |
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coron/o |
heart |
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cyan/o |
blue |
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electr/o |
electricity |
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hem/o |
blood |
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isch/o |
to hold back; back |
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man/o |
pressure |
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my/o |
muscle |
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necr/o |
death |
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ox/o |
oxygen |
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pericardi/o |
pericardium |
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phleb/o |
vein |
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sphygm/o |
pulse |
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steth/o |
chest |
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thorac/o |
chest |
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valv/o |
valve |
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thromb/o |
clot |
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valvul/o |
valve |
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vas/o |
vessel; vas deferens; duct |
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ven/i |
vein |
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ven/o |
vein |
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ventricul/o |
ventricle |
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brady |
slow |
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endo |
in; within |
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hyper |
above; excessive; increased |
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hypo |
deficient; below; under; less than normal; decreased |
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inter- |
between |
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peri- |
surrounding; around |
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tachy- |
fast |
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-al, -ar, -ic, -ous |
pertaining to |
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-centesis |
surgical punture to remove fluid |
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-ectomy |
removal, excision, resection |
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-emia |
blood condition |
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-gram |
record |
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-graph |
instrument for recording |
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-graphy |
process of recording |
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-ia |
condition |
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-itis |
inflammation |
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-lysis |
breakdown; destruction; separation; loosening |
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-megaly |
enlargement |
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-meter |
measure |
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-ole |
small; little |
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-oma |
tumor, mass, collection of fluid |
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-osis |
abnormal condition |
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-oxia |
oxygen |
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-pathy |
disease condition |
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-plasty |
surgical repair |
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-rrhapy |
suture |
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-sclerosis |
hardening |
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-stenosis |
tightening, narrow; stricture |
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-tension |
pressure |
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-tomy |
incision; process of cutting |
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-ule |
small; little |
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AF |
atrial fibrillation |
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AS |
aortic stenosis |
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BP |
blood pressure |
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bpm |
beats per minute/breaths per minute |
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CHF |
congestive heart failure |
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CVS |
cardiovascular system |
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CVP |
central venous pressure |
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ECHO |
echocardiogram |
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EKG |
electrocardiogram |
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HR |
heart rate |
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MI |
myocardial infarction |
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MVP |
mitral valve prolapse |
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PAC |
premature arterial contraction |
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PDA |
patent ductus arteriosis |
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PVC |
premature ventricular contraction |
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V fib |
ventricular fibrillation |
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VPC |
ventricular premature contraction; ventricular premature complexes |
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VSD |
ventricular septal defect |
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VT |
ventricular tachycardia (V tach) |
