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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel, usually an artery, caused by weakness of the vessel wall; may eventually burst
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Aneurysm
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A feeling of constriction around the heart or pain that may radiate to the left arm or shoulder, usually brought on by exertion; caused by insufficient blood supply to the heart
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Angina Pectoris
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Any abnormality in the rate or rhythm of the heartbeat (literally “without rhythm”; note doubled r). Also called dysrhythmia.
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Arrhythmia
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Hardening (sclerosis) of the arteries, with loss of capacity and loss of elasticity, as from fatty deposits (plaque), deposit of calcium salts, or formation of scar tissue
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Arteriosclerosis
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The development of fatty, fibrous patches (plaques) in the lining of arteries, causing narrowing of the lumen and hardening of the vessel wall. The most common form of arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries). The root ather/o means “porridge” or “gruel
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Atherosclerosis
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A slow heart rate, of less than 60 beats per minute
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BradyCardia
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Sudden damage to the brain resulting from reduction of blood flow. Causes include atherosclerosis, embolism, thrombosis, or hemorrhage from a ruptured aneurysm; commonly called stroke.
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Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
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Localized narrowing on the aorta with restriction of blood flow
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Coarctation of the aorta
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Bluish discoloration of the skin caused by lack of oxygen Deep vein thrombosis (DVT): Thrombophlebitis involving the deep veins
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Cyanosis
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An aneurysm in which blood enters the arterial wall and separates the layers. Usually involves the aorta.
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dissecting aneurysm
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Disorder in serum lipid levels, which is an important factor in development of atherosclerosis. Includes hyperlipidemia (high lipids), hypercholesterolemia (high cholesterol), and hypertriglyceridemia (high triglycerides).
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Dyslipidemia
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Difficult or labored breathing (-pnea)
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Dyspnea
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Swelling of body tissues caused by the presence of excess fluid (see Fig. 6-4). Causes include cardiovascular disturbances, kidney failure, inflammation, and malnutrition
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Edema
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Obstruction of a blood vessel by a blood clot or other matter carried in the circulation
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embolism. and the clot is called Embolus.
and Embolus could be a bacteria carried by blood or and particle carried by the blood that tends to close obstruction |
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An interference in the conduction system of the heart resulting in arrhythmia.
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Heart Block
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A varicose vein in the rectum
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hemorrhoid
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An area of localized necrosis (death) of tissue resulting from a blockage or a narrowing of the artery that supplies the area
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infarct
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Local deficiency of blood supply caused by obstruction of the circulation (root: hem/o
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ischemia
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An abnormal heart sound is called:
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Murmur
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Localized necrosis (death) of cardiac muscle tissue resulting from blockage or narrowing of the coronary artery that supplies that area. Myocardial infarction is usually caused by formation of a thrombus (clot) in a vessel.
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myocardial Infarction (MI)
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A closing off or obstruction, as of a vessel
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occlusion
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Persistence of the ductus arteriosus after birth. The ductus arteriosus is a vessel that connects the pulmonary artery to the descending aorta in the fetus to bypass the lungs
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patent ductus arteriosus
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Inflammation of a vein
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Phlebitis [fle-BĪ-tis]
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Damage to heart valves after infection with a type of streptococcus (group A hemolytic streptococcus). The antibodies produced in response to the infection produce scarring of the valves, usually the mitral valve.
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Rheumatic heart disease [rū-MAT-ik]:
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An opening in the septum between the atria or ventricles; a common cause is persistence of the foramen ovale (for-Ā-men ō-VAL-ē), an opening between the atria that bypasses the lungs in fetal circulation
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Septal defect [SEP-tal]
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Constriction or narrowing of an opening
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Stenosis [ste-NŌ-sis]:
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A temporary loss of consciousness caused by inadequate blood flow to the brain; fainting
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Syncope [SIN-kō-pe-]:
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a congenital heart defect which is classically understood to involve four anatomical abnormalities of the heart (although only three of them are always present). It is the most common cyanotic heart defect, and the most common cause of blue baby syndrome
Pulmonary stenosis; overriding aorta; VSD; right ventricular hypertrophy |
Tetralogy of Fallot -
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Inflammation of a vein associated with formation of a blood clot
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Thrombophlebitis [throm-bō-fle-BĪ-tis]:
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Correction of an abnormal cardiac rhythm. May be accomplished pharmacologically, with antiarrhythmic drugs, or by application of electric current (see defibrillation).
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Cardioversion [KAR-dē-ō-ver-zhun]:
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Radiographic study of the coronary arteries after introduction of an opaque dye by means of a catheter
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Coronary angiography [an-jē-OG-ra-fe-]:
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Enzyme released in increased amounts from cardiac muscle cells following myocardial infarction (MI). Serum assays help diagnose MI and determine the extent of muscle damage.
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Creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) [krē-a-tin KĪ-na-z]:
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Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA):
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Dilatation of a sclerotic blood vessel by means of a balloon catheter inserted into the vessel and then inflated to flatten plaque against the artery wall
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A small metal device in the shape of a coil or slotted tube that is placed inside an artery to keep the vessel open after balloon angioplasty.
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Stent:
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Korotkoff sounds [ko-rot-KOF]:
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Arterial sounds heard with a stethoscope during determination of blood pressure with a cuff
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Valsalva maneuver [val-SAL-va]:
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Bearing down, as in childbirth or defecation, by attempting to exhale forcefully with the nose and throat closed. This action has an effect on the cardiovascular system.
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Pathologic accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac. May result from pericarditis or injury to the heart or great vessels.
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Cardiac tamponade [tam-pon-A-D]:
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A heartbeat that originates from some part of the heart other than the SA node
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Ectopic beat [ek-TOP-ik]:
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Very rapid (200 to 300 beats per minute) but regular contractions, as in the atria or the ventricles
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Flutter:
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A condition of lower-than-normal blood pressure
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Hypotension [hī-po-TEN-shun]:
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Movement of the cusps of the mitral valve into the left atrium when the ventricles contract
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Mitral Valve Prolapse:
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A sensation of abnormally rapid or irregular heartbeat
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Palpitation [pal-pi-TĀ-shun]:
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Pitting Edema:
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Edema that retains the impression of a finger pressed firmly into the skin
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Polyarteritis Nodosa [nō-DŌ-sa]:
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Potentially fatal collagen disease causing inflammation of small visceral arteries. Symptoms depend on the organ affected
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Raynaud Disease [rā-NO-]:
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A disorder characterized by abnormal constriction of peripheral vessels in the arms and legs on exposure to cold
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Regurgitation [rē-gur-ji-TĀ-shun]:
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A backward flow, such as the backflow of blood through a defective valve
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Stasis [STĀ-sis]:
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Stoppage of normal flow, as of blood or urine. Blood stasis may lead to dermatitis and ulcer formation
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Holter monitor:
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A portable device that can record up to 24 hours of an individual's ECG readings during normal activity
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Homocysteine [hō-mō-SIS-te-n]:
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An amino acid in the blood that at higher-than-normal levels is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease
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Phlebotomist [fle-BOT-ō-mist]:
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Technician who specializes in drawing blood
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Atherectomy [ath-er-EK-tō-me-]:
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Removal of atheromatous plaque from the lining of a vessel. May be done by open surgery or through the lumen of the vessel.
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Surgical removal of an embolus
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Embolectomy [em-bō-LEK-tō-me-]:
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Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD):
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A pump that takes over the function of the left ventricle in delivering blood into the systemic circuit. These devices are used to assist patients awaiting heart transplantation or those who are recovering from heart failure.
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Angiotensin-converting–enzyme (ACE) inhibitor:
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A drug that lowers blood pressure by blocking the formation in the blood of angiotensin II, a substance that normally acts to increase blood pressure
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Angiotensin II receptor antagonist:
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A drug that blocks tissue receptors for angiotensin II
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Beta-adrenergic blocking agent:
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Drug that decreases the rate and strength of heart contractions
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Calcium-channel blocker:
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Drug that controls the rate and force of heart contraction by regulating calcium entrance into the cells
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Digitalis [dij-i-TAL-is]:
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A drug that slows and strengthens heart muscle contractions
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Hypolipidemic agent [hī-pō-lip-i-DĒ-mik]:
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Drug that lowers serum cholesterol
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Lidocaine [LĪ-dō-ka-n]:
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A local anesthetic that is used intravenously to treat cardiac arrhythmias
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Nitroglycerin [nī-trō-GLIS-er-in]:
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Nitroglycerin [nī-trō-GLIS-er-in]: A drug used in the treatment of angina pectoris to dilate coronary vessels
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Statins:
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Drugs that act to lower lipids in the blood. The drug names end with -statin, such as lovastatin, pravastatin, atorvastatin
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Streptokinase (SK) [strep-tō-KĪ-na-s]:
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An enzyme used to dissolve blood clots
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Tissue plasminogenactivator (tPA):
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A drug used to dissolve blood clots. It activates production of a substance (plasmin) in the blood that normally dissolves clots.
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Vasodilator [vas-ō-dī-LĀ-tor]:
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A drug that widens blood vessels and improves blood flow
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