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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Normal level K+ |
3.5-5.0 mEq/L |
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Normal level Na+ |
136-145 mEq/L |
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Normal level Ca2+ |
9.0-10.5 mg/dL |
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Normal Cl- |
98-106 mEq/L |
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Normal Mg2+ |
1.3-2.1 mEq/L |
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Normal pH range |
7.35-7.45 |
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PaO2 range |
80-100 mmHg |
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Normal PaCO2 |
35-45 mmHg |
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Normal Bicarb |
21-28 mEq/L |
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Lactate |
3-7 mg/dL (arterial) |
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Common causes of Acidosis (metabolic) |
DKA, SZ activity, fever, Hypoxia/Ischemia, Diarrhea, Kidney failure, Ethanol intox, Salicylate intox |
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Common causes of acidosis (resp) |
Respiratory Depression (anesthetics, drugs, electrolyte imbalance), inadequate chest expansion airway obstruction, muscle weakness |
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Common causes of Alkalosis (metabolic) |
Oral ingestion of bases (antacids), blood transfusion, sodium bicarb, TPN, prolonged vomiting, nasogastric suctioning, hypercortisolism, thiazide diuretics |
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Causes of alkalosis (Resp.) |
Hyperventilation, fear, anxiety, mechanical ventilation, salicylate toxicity, high altitudes, shock, early stage acute pulmonary problems. |
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Causes of dehydration |
Hemorrhage, vomiting, diarrhea, burns, sever wounds, suction (GI) fever, unconsciousness, impaired thirst |
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Causes of Fluid overload |
Excessive fluid replacement, kidney failure(late), HF, long term corticosteroid use, water intox, syndrome of inappropirate antidiuretic horone, psych disorders with polydipsia |
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Palmar flexion indicating a positive Trousseau's sign is from |
Hypocalcemia |
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Facial muscle response indicating a positive Chvostek's sign is from |
Hypocalcemia |
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Trousseau's sign |
Place a BP cuff on arm and inflate above patient systolic BP. Leave for 1-4 min if palmar flexion occurs it is positive |
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Chvostek's sign |
Tap the face just below and in front of the ear (over the facial nerve). If facial twitching is triggered on one side of the moth nose and cheek the sign is positive. |
