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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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benign neoplasms
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tumors that are well differentiated and do not invade and metastasize
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biologic therapy
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treatment using biologic agents such interferons, interleukins, monoclonal antibodies, and growth factors to modify the relationship between the host and the tumor by altering the biologic response of the host to the tumor cells
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bone marrow transplantation
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the transplantation of bone marrow from healthy donors to stimulate production of normal blood cells; provides for the safe use of very high doses of chemotherapy or radiation therapy to patients whose tumors have developed resistance or failed to respond to standard doses of chemotherapy and radiation
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brachytherapy
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radiation delivery system that means "close" treatment and consists of the implantation or insertion of radioactive materials directly into the tumor or in close proximity to the tumor
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cancer
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a group of more than 200 diseases characterized by uncontrolled and unregulated growth of cells
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carcinogens
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agents capable of producing cellular alterations leading to neoplastic growth
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carcinoma in situ
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a lesion with all the histologic features of cancer except invasion
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carcinomas
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malignant tumors that originate from embryonal ectoderm (skin and glands) and endoderm (mucous membrane linings of the respiratory tract, GI tract, and genitourinary [GU] tract)
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histologic grading
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the evaluation of the appearance of cells and the degree of differentiation
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immunologic surveillance
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the activity of the immune system that involves checking cell surface antigens and identifying and destroying cells with abnormal or altered antigenic determinants
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malignant neoplasms
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tumors that range from well differentiated to undifferentiated; can invade and metastasize
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metastasis
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the spread of the cancer from the initial or primary site to a distant site
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nadir
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the lowest level of the peripheral blood cell counts (particularly white blood cells [WBC]) that occurs secondary to bone marrow depression
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oncogenes
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tumor-inducing genes
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protooncogenes
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normal cellular genes that are important regulators of normal cellular processes
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radiation
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the emission and distribution of energy through space or a material medium that can be used to cause cellular death
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sarcomas
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malignant tumors that originate from embryonal mesoderms that become connective tissue, muscle, bone, and fat
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staging
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the process of classifying the extent and spread of disease
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tumor angiogenesis
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the process of the formation of blood vessels within the tumor itself
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tumor-associated antigens
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changes on the cell surface antigens of cancer cells as a result of malignant transformation
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vesicants
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agents that when accidentally infiltrated into the skin cause severe local tissue breakdown and necrosis
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