Med-Surg Nursing - 14

Front 1

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Back 1

the end stage of chronic HIV infection

Front 2

acute retroviral syndrome

Back 2

flu-like syndrome of fever, swollen lymph glands, sore throat, headache, malaise, nausea, muscle and joint pain, diarrhea, and/or a diffuse rash that generally occurs one to three weeks after the initial HIV infection

Front 3

AIDS-dementia complex

Back 3

dementia caused by HIV infection of the brain or HIV-related central nervous system problems caused by lymphoma, toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes virus, Cryptococcus, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), dehydration, or medication side effects

Front 4

branched-chain DNA (bDNA) test

Back 4

a technique used to measure viral load in HIV infection

Front 5

CD4+ T cells (T helper cells, CD4+ T lymphocytes)

Back 5

T helper lymphocytes or CD4+ lymphocytes

Front 6

clades

Back 6

families of HIV-1, of which at least nine have been identified

Front 7

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Back 7

causative agent of HIV infection

Front 8

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)

Back 8

a common type of neoplasm seen in HIV-infected patients that is thought to be caused by the human herpes virus 8 (HHV8) and can affect many organ systems, but lesions are most frequently seen on the skin and oral mucosa

Front 9

nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Back 9

drugs that combine with reverse transcriptase enzyme to block the process needed to convert HIV RNA into HIV DNA

Front 10

nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Back 10

drugs that insert a bit of protein (a nucleoside) into the developing HIV DNA chain, blocking further development of the chain and leaving the production of the new strand of HIV DNA incomplete

Front 11

nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Back 11

drugs that inhibit the action of reverse transcriptase

Front 12

occupational exposure

Back 12

the contraction of an infection (e.g., HIV) through a job-related situation

Front 13

opportunistic diseases

Back 13

infections and cancers that occur in immunosuppressed patients that can lead to disability, disease, and death

Front 14

oral hairy leukoplakia

Back 14

an Epstein-Barr virus infection that causes painless, white, raised lesions on the lateral aspect of the tongue

Front 15

Pneumocystis carinii

Back 15

fungus commonly causing opportunistic pneumonia in those with HIV infection

Front 16

postexposure prophylaxis

Back 16

treatment with combination antiretroviral therapy upon exposure to HIV-infected fluids

Front 17

protease inhibitors

Back 17

drugs that prevent the protease enzyme from cutting HIV proteins into the proper lengths needed to allow viable virions to assemble and bud out from the cell membrane

Front 18

protease

Back 18

a type of enzyme necessary for completion of HIV replication within a cell

Front 19

retrovirus

Back 19

RNA viruses that replicate in a "backward" manner (going from RNA to DNA)

Front 20

reverse transcriptase

Back 20

enzyme that is present in retroviruses; allows for synthesis of DNA from RNA

Front 21

seroconversion

Back 21

development of antibodies following infection

Front 22

syncytium

Back 22

a multinucleated nonviable mass that destroys all affected cells

Front 23

viral load

Back 23

quantity of viral particles in a biologic sample

Front 24

viremia

Back 24

large amounts of virus in the blood, resulting from initial infection with a virus

Front 25

window period

Back 25

time period of two months after infection during which an infected individual will not test HIV-antibody positive