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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
addiction
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compulsive, uncontrollable dependence on a substance, habit, or practice to such a degree that cessation causes severe emotional, mental, or physiologic reactions
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addictive behaviors
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behaviors associated with maintaining an addiction
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brain reward system
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an area in the mesolimbic system of the brain that creates a sensation of pleasure for certain behaviors necessary for survival, such as eating and sexual behavior
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craving
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subjective need for a substance, usually experienced after decreased use or abstinence
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cross-tolerance
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the need for an increased dose of a drug for a therapeutic effect that occurs when an individual dependent on alcohol or other CNS depressants is drug free and receives other CNS depressants
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cue-induced craving
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craving that occurs in the presence of people, places, or things that they have previously associated with drug taking
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dependence
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reliance on a substance that has reached the level that absence of it will cause an impairment in function
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detoxification
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process of removing the substance and its effects from the individual's body
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Korsakoff's psychosis
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a form of amnesia characterized by loss of short-term memory and an inability to learn
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motivational interviewing
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a nonconfrontational interpersonal communication technique used to motivate patients to change behavior
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opiates
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natural substances, such as morphine and codeine, which are directly derived from opium
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opioids
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includes opiates in addition to the many semisynthetic and synthetic narcotic agents used as analgesics
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physiologic dependence
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an altered physiologic state resulting from prolonged substance use in which regular use is necessary to prevent withdrawal
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potentiation
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a synergistic action in which the effect of two drugs given simultaneously is greater than the effect of the drugs given separately
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psychologic dependence
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a compulsive need to experience a pleasurable response from a substance
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relapse
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return to substance abuse during abstinence
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substance abuse
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overindulgence in and dependence on a substance that has a negative impact on the psychologic, physiologic, and social functioning of an individual; is synonymous with chemical dependence
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substance dependence
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dependence on a substance that has a negative impact on psychologic, physiologic, and social functioning of an individual
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substance misuse
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use of a drug for purposes other than those intended
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tolerance
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decreased effect of a substance that results from repeated exposure
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transtheoretical model of change
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stages of behavior change that include precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and termination
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Wernicke's encephalopathy
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an inflammatory, hemorrhagic, degenerative condition of the brain resulting from a deficiency of thiamine
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withdrawal
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constellation of physiologic and psychologic responses that occur when there is abrupt cessation or reduced intake of a substance on which an individual is dependent or when the effect is counteracted by a specific antagonist
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