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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What valve seperates the Right atrium and ventricle
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Tricuspid
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What valve seperates the L atrium and ventrictle
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Mitral
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The 3 types of shock include
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hypovolemic (dec. blood volume)
Cardiogenic ( dec. contractility) and Distributive (dec vascular resistance) |
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What are 3 types of distributive shock?
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Anaphylaxis, neurogenic or vasogenic
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What lab do you expect to elevate in the initial stage of shock
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lactic acid
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In the 2nd stage of shock what do you expect to happen to your?
Na? K? Glucose? Ph? Osmo? o2? |
Na increase
K decrease Glucose increase Ph increase Osmo decrease o2 decrease` o2? |
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In which shock stage would you see decreased peripheral pulses, increased resp, vasoconstriction, and increased risk of DIC?
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Stage III intermediate or progressive
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Stage IV of shock is also called
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irreversible or refractory
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When would you hold Digoxin
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HR < 60
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Which type of cardiomyopathy has no cure and what is happening to the heart
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Dilated- the walls are thickened causing decreased preload
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Mitral valve regerg is characterised by the blood
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backing up into atrium during contraction- see pulm edema, shock, systolic murmur
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Pt's with MVP need prophylactic abx why?
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it leads to infective endocarditis
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Subacute endocarditis is caused by __________
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Strep, it is long term
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Acute endocarditis is caused by ____________ it is toxic
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staph
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How is preload measured?
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CVP, PAWP, PAD
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To decrease preload you must decrease ________ by
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fluid, diuretics, fluid restriction, vasodilation, lasix, ntg,
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To increase preload you must increase __________
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fluid by giving fluids
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Streptokinase, or TPA can cause __________- you should monitor for
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reperfusion of heart, monitor for Vtach
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Systolic failure is a problem with ________________ you will see s/s of __________ side heart failure
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contractility,
Right |
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Diastolic failure is a problem with ________________ you will see s/s of __________ side heart failure
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Stiff L ventricle (filling)
Left |
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When teaching a patient about Beta Blockers you should tell them to never
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suddenly stop taking
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Would you see a decreased EF in Systolic or diastolic heart failure
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systolic (right side)- it is a contractile failure
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Primary Cardiomyopathy is caused from ________
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unknown cause
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Secondary Cardiomyopathy is caused from
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A 2ndary disease, viral is most common
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In congestive or dilated cardiomyopathy it is important to remember that the walls of the heart do not
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become hypertrophic
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After symptoms appear in dilated cardiomyopathy the process is very ____ you will see _____
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fast,
anorexia, weak peripheral pulses, hepatomagally and distorted valves |
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This type of cardiomyopathy has treatment that is palliative
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dilated
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hypertrophic cardiomyopathy has s/s like ____ it is a problem with ______
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chf,
filling (distolic function) |
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With hypertrophic cardiomyopathy which drugs are contraindicated
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dig and nitrates
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If you have increased afterload which types of drugs would you give
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vasodilators you have a high resistance
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If you have increased contractility what kinds of drugs will you give
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neg inotropes - b-blockers, ca channel blockers, verapamil
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If you have a low afterload what drugs do you give to fix
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vasopressors ie dopamine, levophed, epi, neosynephrine want to increase the resistance
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Fatigue, ascites, JVD, cyanosis and dependent edema are s/s of _____ side heart failure
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right
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Blood tinged sputum, increased PCWP, cough, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea are s/s of _______ side heart failure
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left
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What are Roth spots
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hemorrhagic retinal lesions
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Change in loc, increased HR and resp, narrowed pulse pressure, pulsus paradoxus, JVD, friction rub and CP are s/s of
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Tamponade
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Becks triad is
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hypotension + JVD + muffled heart sounds - indicates cardiac tamponade
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Myocarditis can be a
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cirus, bacteria, fungi, parasite or from an autoimmune disorder
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Acute aortic valve regurg is a __________
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emergency-need to replace valve
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Normal MAP
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70-105
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Closure of tricuspid valve is this heart tone
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S1
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Closure of pulmonic valve is this heart tone
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s2
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