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42 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What valve seperates the Right atrium and ventricle
Tricuspid
What valve seperates the L atrium and ventrictle
Mitral
The 3 types of shock include
hypovolemic (dec. blood volume)
Cardiogenic ( dec. contractility) and
Distributive (dec vascular resistance)
What are 3 types of distributive shock?
Anaphylaxis, neurogenic or vasogenic
What lab do you expect to elevate in the initial stage of shock
lactic acid
In the 2nd stage of shock what do you expect to happen to your?
Na?
K?
Glucose?
Ph?
Osmo?
o2?
Na increase
K decrease
Glucose increase
Ph increase
Osmo decrease
o2 decrease`
o2?
In which shock stage would you see decreased peripheral pulses, increased resp, vasoconstriction, and increased risk of DIC?
Stage III intermediate or progressive
Stage IV of shock is also called
irreversible or refractory
When would you hold Digoxin
HR < 60
Which type of cardiomyopathy has no cure and what is happening to the heart
Dilated- the walls are thickened causing decreased preload
Mitral valve regerg is characterised by the blood
backing up into atrium during contraction- see pulm edema, shock, systolic murmur
Pt's with MVP need prophylactic abx why?
it leads to infective endocarditis
Subacute endocarditis is caused by __________
Strep, it is long term
Acute endocarditis is caused by ____________ it is toxic
staph
How is preload measured?
CVP, PAWP, PAD
To decrease preload you must decrease ________ by
fluid, diuretics, fluid restriction, vasodilation, lasix, ntg,
To increase preload you must increase __________
fluid by giving fluids
Streptokinase, or TPA can cause __________- you should monitor for
reperfusion of heart, monitor for Vtach
Systolic failure is a problem with ________________ you will see s/s of __________ side heart failure
contractility,
Right
Diastolic failure is a problem with ________________ you will see s/s of __________ side heart failure
Stiff L ventricle (filling)
Left
When teaching a patient about Beta Blockers you should tell them to never
suddenly stop taking
Would you see a decreased EF in Systolic or diastolic heart failure
systolic (right side)- it is a contractile failure
Primary Cardiomyopathy is caused from ________
unknown cause
Secondary Cardiomyopathy is caused from
A 2ndary disease, viral is most common
In congestive or dilated cardiomyopathy it is important to remember that the walls of the heart do not
become hypertrophic
After symptoms appear in dilated cardiomyopathy the process is very ____ you will see _____
fast,
anorexia, weak peripheral pulses, hepatomagally and distorted valves
This type of cardiomyopathy has treatment that is palliative
dilated
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy has s/s like ____ it is a problem with ______
chf,
filling (distolic function)
With hypertrophic cardiomyopathy which drugs are contraindicated
dig and nitrates
If you have increased afterload which types of drugs would you give
vasodilators you have a high resistance
If you have increased contractility what kinds of drugs will you give
neg inotropes - b-blockers, ca channel blockers, verapamil
If you have a low afterload what drugs do you give to fix
vasopressors ie dopamine, levophed, epi, neosynephrine want to increase the resistance
Fatigue, ascites, JVD, cyanosis and dependent edema are s/s of _____ side heart failure
right
Blood tinged sputum, increased PCWP, cough, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea are s/s of _______ side heart failure
left
What are Roth spots
hemorrhagic retinal lesions
Change in loc, increased HR and resp, narrowed pulse pressure, pulsus paradoxus, JVD, friction rub and CP are s/s of
Tamponade
Becks triad is
hypotension + JVD + muffled heart sounds - indicates cardiac tamponade
Myocarditis can be a
cirus, bacteria, fungi, parasite or from an autoimmune disorder
Acute aortic valve regurg is a __________
emergency-need to replace valve
Normal MAP
70-105
Closure of tricuspid valve is this heart tone
S1
Closure of pulmonic valve is this heart tone
s2