Med-Surg Exam 4 Nurs 121

Front 1

Differentiate between the Types of Immunity and Give an Example of each: Passive Artificial, Passive Natural, Active Artificial , and Active Natural (P.990)

Back 1

- Passive – Not Produced by Individual but Obtained from Another Source
Passive Artificial – Injection of Preformed Antibodies
Passive Natural – Placental Trasmission or Breast Milk (Mother to Baby)

- Active – Individual Produces His/Her Own Antibodies
Active Artificial – From Vaccine that Stimulates Production of Antibodies
Active Natural – Person Has Disease Gets Memory Cells for that Pathogen

Front 2

List the Organs and Cells Involved in the Immune System? (P.987)

Back 2

- Lymphoid Organs

Front 3

Type(s) of WBC will Most Likely be Increased in Patients with Allergic Conditions? (P.994)

Back 3

- Eosinophils, Basophils

Front 4

The Term Used to Describe the Point when Antibodies to HIV are High Enough to Produce Positive ELISA Results? (P.1015)

Back 4

- ELISA Test is Performed Twice (For Accuracy)
- Western Blot Test is Performed to Test for Four Major HIV Antigens
- If Both Tests are Positive, Patient is HIV-Antibody Positive
- Seroconversion

Front 5

Pathophysiology, Signs and Symptoms and Management of Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction. What is the Best Way to Minimize the Chance of Such Reaction? (P.1001-1002)

Back 5

- Lower Back or Chest Pain, Hypotension, Fever, Chills, Tachycardia
- Direct Coomb’s Test; Agglutination Test with Pt.s RBC and Antihuman
Globulin
- Prevent Antibodies from Forming

Front 6

Common Triggers for Allergic Rhinitis? (P.998-)

Back 6

- Allergens such as Dust, Pet Dander, Dust Mites

Front 7

Indications for Adults to Receive Passive Immunity? (P.990)

Back 7

- Injection of Preformed Antibodies
- May Help Prevent Disease After Exposure to Pathogen Such as Hepatitis
- Immuno-Compromised Elderly

Front 8

Most Effective Method to Control HIV Infection? (P.1015)

Back 8

- Antiretroviral Drugs that Inhibit Reproduction of Virus
- Prevent Viruses from Attaching to CD4+ Receptors of T4 Lymphocyte
- Prophylactic Treatment for Opportunistic Infections Such As:
- Hepatitis, Herpes, Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia

Front 9

Immune Cell Monitored to Determine the Progression of AIDS? (P.1015)

Back 9

- CD4/CD8 T-Lymphocyte Count

Front 10

Differentiate Between Angioedema and Urticaria? (P.1001)

Back 10

Urticaria (Hives):
- Type I Hypersensitive Reaction
- Effects the Skin
Angioedema:
- Form of Urticaria; Deeper More Widespread
- Effects Submucosal & Subcutaneous Tissue

Front 11

Priority Nursing Intervention of Patient Experiencing Angioedema? (P.999)

Back 11

- Eliminate Offending Environmental Stimuli
- Antihistamines and Nasal Decongestants for Symptomatic Relief
- Corticosteroids via Inhalation or Nasal Spray Maybe Administered

Front 12

Medical Management to Decrease Risk of Transplant Rejection? (P.1003)

Back 12

- Immunosuppression Therapy – Major Risk for Severe Infection

Front 13

Most Common Type of Tissue Transplant?

Back 13

- Corneal Transplant

Front 14

Tender Lymph Nodes are Most Likely to Indicate what Condition? (P.993)

Back 14

- Bacterial or Viral Infection (Inflammation)

Front 15

Manifestations of an Allergic Reaction to Wasp Sting? (P.993)

Back 15

- Anaphylactic Shock
- Epinephrine Pen May be Vital Because Medical Treatment May Not be Near

Front 16

Which Immunoglobulin Cannot be Replaced Exogenously? (P.1007)

Back 16

- Ig-A which Increases Risk of Pulmonary Infections

Front 17

What Type of Anemia Condition will Result if the Stomach is Surgically Removed? What is the Treatment for this Condition? (P.1004)

Back 17

- Pernicious Anemia; Lack of B12 Absorption
- Intramuscular Injections of Vitamin B12

Front 18

Name of Test which Actually Tests for the HIV Virus Itself? (P.1015)

Back 18

- ELISA
- Viral Load Testing – Test for HIV RNA in Plasma

Front 19

Etiology and S/S of Lipodystrophy in HIV Patients? (P.1014)

Back 19

- Decreased Appetite, Oral Lesions, Altered Metabolism
- Malabsorption, GI Infections, Diarrhea

Front 20

Define Autoimmune Disease? (P.1004)

Back 20

- Immune System Mistakenly Reacts to Part of the Body Itself
- Caused by Viral Infections, Drugs, and Cross-Reactive Antibodies
- Hormones have also Been Foundto Influence this Breakdown

Front 21

Drug of Choice for Treating PCP? (P.1014)

Back 21

- Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (Septra) is Given Prophylactically
- Caused by a Fungus

Front 22

Describe Proper Condom Use to Decrease HIV Transmission? (P.1013)

Back 22

- New for Each Intercourse Act (Eeeewwww, What Else??)
- Latex or Polyurethane Only
- Nondamaged, Unexpired
- Use Only Water Soluable Lubricants
- Replace if Broken
- Withdraw by Holding Against Base of Erect Penis

Front 23

Patho, Signs and Symptoms as Disease Progresses? (P.1014)

Back 23

- SOB, Fever, Wt. Loss, Fatigue, Night Sweats, Persistent Diarrhea

Front 24

Unexplained Weight Loss of 10 % of Body Weight Associated with Chronic Diarrhea in HIV Patients? (P.1014)

Back 24

- AIDS Wasting Syndrome

Front 25

Signs and Symptoms of Pernicious Anemia? (P.1004)

Back 25

- Increasing Weakness, Loss of Appetite, Glossitis, and Pallor
- Peripheral Neuropathy

Front 26

Confirmation Lab Test for HIV? (P.995)

Back 26

- Western Blot; Done After Two Positive ELISA

Front 27

Drug of Choice for Patient Having a Severe Allergic Reaction?

Back 27

- Epinephrine

Front 28

Nursing Actions Appropriate for Patient with Idiopathic Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia? (From Linda)

Back 28

- Frequent Rest Periods
- Immunosupression Meds; Blood Products as Ordered

Front 29

Number One Opportunistic Neoplasm Seen in AIDS Patients? (P.1015)

Back 29

- Kaposi Sarcoma
- Painless, Small Purple-Blue Lesions on Skin
- Treatment Includes Bleomycin, Cryotherapy, or Radiation

Front 30

Medical Treatment for Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis? (P.1005)

Back 30

- Lifelong Thyroid Hormone Replacement Therapy
- Thyroxine is Primary Means of Treatment

Front 31

Common Routes of Transmission of HIV Virus? (P.1012)

Back 31

- Sexual – Anal, Vaginal, Oral Contact with Mucous Membrane
- Parenteral – Injection by Contaminated Needles
- Perinatal – Mother to Fetus During Pregnancy

Front 32

Nursing Interventions for a Client with Severe Ankylosing Spondylitis? (P.1006)

Back 32

- Inflammation of Sacroiliac, Costoverterbal, & Large Peripheral Joints
- Proper Posture and ROM Exercises Taught
- Not to Stay In One Position For Extended Length of Time

Front 33

Common Etiology of Serum Sickness? (From Linda)

Back 33

- Sulfonamide or Penicillin Administration
- Severe Uticaria, Andioedema, Fever, Malaise, Muscle Soreness

Front 34

Side Effects of Corticosteroids? (From Linda)

Back 34

- Adrenal Atrophy, Cushing’s Syndrome, Osteoporosis
- Increased Risk of Infections, Delayed Wound Healing, Peptic Ulcers

Front 35

Foods/Beverages that Should be Avoided to Reduce Risk of Infection in HIV Patients? (P.1022)

Back 35

- Low-Residue Diet, No Dairy Products, Spicy Foods, Caffeine, or Alcohol

Front 36

Purpose of Immunotherapy Following Allergy Skin Testing? (P.999)

Back 36

- Allergy Shots of Patients with Severe or Debilitating Symptoms
- Involves Weekly Subcutaneous Injections of Tiny Amounts of Offending Antigen
- Amount of Antigen is Increased Until Patient No Longer Exhibits Symptoms

Front 37

Complication of Allergic Rhinitis? (P.999)

Back 37

- Typically Minor and Self Limiting
- Infection of Sinuses(Sinusitis), Nasal Polyps, Asthma, or Chronic Bronchitis

Front 38

Teaching Tips to Avoid Triggers for Clients with Airborne Allergies? (P.999)

Back 38

- Education, Avoid Allergens
- Mask when Mowing Lawn
- Heating Ducts Cleaned with New Filters
- Frequent Home Vaccuming and Dusting

Front 39

Describe Standard Precautions? (P.1013, 84)

Back 39

- Use Precautions for All Patients to Protect Self and Others
- Assume All Patients are Infected Regardless of Diagnosis
- Use Gloves, Masks, Goggles, Face Shield, and Hand Washing
- HIV Positive Workers with Open Lesions Should Avoid Direct Patient Care

Front 40

Most Common Opportunistic Infection Associated with HIV Disease? (P.1014)

Back 40

Candida Albicas
– Normal Fungus Found in GI Tract
- Causes Mouth or Esophogeal Pain, and Dysphagia

Cytomegalovirus
- Causes Vision Impairment

Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia
- Caused by Fungus Produces Shortness of Breath, Fever, and Non-Productive Cough
- Treated with Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (Septra)

Front 41

Signs/Symptoms of Anaphylaxis and Emergency Treatment? (P.1000)

Back 41

Signs/Symptoms:
- Generalized Smooth Muscle Spasms
- Causes Bronchial Narrowing, Stridor, Wheezing, and Laryngeal Edema
- Too Many Read the Book

Treatment:
- IV Access with Epinephrine and Vasopressor (Dopamine); Increase BP
- Oxygen Therapy, Tracheostomy, Endotracheal Intubation

Front 42

Measures to Reduce Risk of Latex Allergies? (P.1003)

Back 42

- Using Latex Free Equipment
- Oral or Topical Antihistamines
- Topical Corticosteroids

Front 43

Describe what can Occur (S/S) with Type 1 Latex Allergy and Type 4 Latex Allergy? (P.1003)

Back 43

- Type I (Anaphylactic Reaction): Sneezing, Nasal Itching, Rhinorrhea
- Type IV (Delayed Reaction): Reddened, Pruritic, and Fragile Vesicles