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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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35-45 |
PaCO2 |
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21-28 |
HCO3 |
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80-100 |
PaO2 |
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7.35-7.45 |
pH |
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Normally associated with acidosis |
Hyperkalemia |
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Breathing |
controls the amount of free hydrogen ions by controlling the amount of CO2 in arterial blood |
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CO2 rises above normal triggers the neurons to increase the rate and depth of breathing. (Respiratory alkalosis) |
Hyperventilation |
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causes respiratory depression, inadequate chest expansion, airway obstruction, and reduced alveolar capillary diffusion |
Respiratory acidosis |
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What causes Kussmaul respiration |
Metabolic acidosis |
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Breathing is reduced when? |
Respiratory acidosis |
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Hydration Drugs or other treatments to control the problem |
Interventions for Metabolic Acidosis |
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Improver ventilation oxygenation maintain patent airway (drug and oxygen therapy) |
Respiratory acidosis interventions |
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Causes Hypocalcemia/Hypokalemia |
Alkalosis |
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Prevent further loss of hydrogen, potassium, calcium and chloride ions, to restore fluid balance and to monitor changes |
Alkalosis Intervention |
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Metabolic alkalosis R/T |
bicarbonate therapy diuretic use vomiting nasogastric suction |
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Metabolic acidosis treatment |
Sodium bicarbonate |
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Inserted in veins of the upper arm (sterile technique) Therapies lasting 1-4 weeks Indications: Fluids for hydration and drug therapy pH of fluids should be 5-9 |
Midline Catheters |
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-Inserted antecubital fossa (inner aspect of the bend of arm) or midline of upper arm -Insert early in course of therapy -Basilic vein preferred -Common complications: phlebitis, thrombophlebitis, DVT -Accommodates all types of infusion therapies, blood sampling |
PICC line |
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-allows access to rich vascular network in the red marrow of bones -used previously for only peds patients -Trauma, burns, cardiac arrest, diabetic ketoacidosis |
Intraosseous Infusion Therapy |
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increased tissue pressure in confined anatomic space causes decreased perfusion |
Compartment Syndrome |
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Noninflammatory degenerative joint disease -localized -Progressive loss of cartilage -joint pain Osteophytes (Bone spurs) |
Osteoarthritis |
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-Joint pain/stiffness -Crepitus -Herberden's nodes -Bouchard's nodes -Joint effusion(excessive joint fluid ) -Atrophy of skeletal muscles |
Osteoarthritis clinical manifestations |
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Integrative therapy for OA reduces inflammation |
Glucosamine |
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inflammatory systemic disease -Destructive to joints -Chronic, progressive and autoimmune |
RA |
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-Associated with advanced RA -Dry mouth (xerostomia) -Dry Eyes -Dry Vagina (Sometimes) |
Sjögren's Syndrome |
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ESR Serum complement (C3/C4) Serum protein Immunoglobulins |
RA Labs |
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-Autoimmune disorder, chronic, progressive inflammatory -Causes major body organs and systems to fail -Characterized by spontaneous remissions and exacerbations (flare ups) |
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) |
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Dry, scaly "butterfly" rash on the face -Discoid lesions -Alopecia -Polyartyhritis -Joint changes |
SLE Clinical Manifestations |
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Urate crystals deposit in joints and other body tissues, causing inflammation -Tophi |
Gout |
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Drug therapy Nutrition therapy--> Limit proteins, foods that causes flare ups |
Gout Treatment |
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-Hip dislocation -VTE -Infection -Anemia - Neurovascular compromise |
Hip Replacement Complications |
