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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Wood Light Examination |
Exposure of skin infection using a UV light producing blue-green or red that can identify infection. Light-skinned patient are easier to see results because their skin is hypopigmented. |
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Chronic Paronychia |
An infection that persists for month (swollen finger tips). Caused from frequent exposer to water (bartender, nurses, homemakers) SE: swollen, red, tender nail folds Gram staining and/or culture to determine type of infection. My resolve with warm soar 3-4x daily. Patient with diabetes or other problems need antibiotics. If abscess developes surgery is needed. |
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Cyanosis |
Blue or purple coloration of skin or mucous membrane due to lack of oxygen. caused by not having enough oxygen in blood. Hypoxia. SS: lips and tongue gray color nail beds, palms, and soles blue. Conjunctiva pallor. ECG to detect abnormal heart rythem and rate. ABG test. |
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Macualar Rash |
Flat rash |
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Papular Rash |
Raised rash |
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Purpura |
Excessive bleeding, blood coming to surface from trauma. |
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ABCDE Method |
Assess Borders Color Diameter Evolving Check lesions for manifestations of melanoma |
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Hirsutism |
Excessive hair growth in abnoramal body areas (mainly in women) Causes by aging, side effect of drug therapy, hormone inbalance (excessive androgens production) SE: Face and chest growth in women. Change in fat distribution. Clitoral enlargment. Deepening of the voice. Excessive hair loss or changes in hair texture. Serum prolactin, diabetes screening, prostate specific antigen (PSA) Medication takes 6 months to show effects, birth control, anti-androgens |
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Wound Closure VAC |
Neg. pressure wound therapy. reduce of close chronic ulcer by removing fluid or infectious material from a wound and enhancing the formation of granulation tissue. Cannot use where skin cancer spots are Failure of VAC therapy is often due to the inability to maintain an adequate and consistent dressing seal. Bleeding complications, check every 2 hours. |
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Melanoma |
A tumor of melanin-forming cells, skin canser caused by sun exposure, commonly found on upper back and lower legs SS: any mole that is new, that has changed, and/or that meets any ABCDE criteria. Biopsy, CT, MRI, and PET scan. Surgical excision involved in removing the tumor, Chemotherapy, Radiation. |
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Tzanck Smear |
What is it? Cytologic examination in which cells from the base of the lesion are examined under a microscope. The presence of maltinucleated giant cells confirm a viral infection, although the exact viruses not identified. Why is it done? To confirm a viral infection How is it done? the vesicle should be unroofed or the crust removed, and the base scraped with a scalpel or the edge of a spatula (sample should be taken frmo a fresh vesicle. |
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Hydrophillic Dressing |
absorbent, draws excessive drainage away from the ulcer surface, preventing maceraiton. |
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Biologic Dressing |
Debridemnet after eschar removal. commonly used for burns. dormant, nonhealing woulds that do not respond to other topical therapies. Natural wound coverage. Reduces pain. Confirms to uneven wound surface. Alternative to autograph. Requires secondary dressing. Catalyst for healing. |
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Synthetic Dressing |
Solid silocone and plastic membrane. clean or surgical repaired wound and remians in place until it falls of or is removed. Transparent. Pain is reduced because nerves no exposed to air. Also used to cover donor sites where skin was obtained for autographing. |
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Wet-To-Dry |
Necrotic debris is mechanically removed but with less trauma to healing tissue |
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Vancomycin (Vancocin) |
What class is it? Glycopeptide antibiotic Intened effect? bacterial infection of the intestine, C. Diff Side effect? Nausea or stomach upset. Dizziness, difficulty hearing How to give? by mouth, usually 4x daily for 7 to 10 days. |
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Second Intention |
Deeper tissue injuries or wounds with tissue loss, such as a chronic ulcer. Results in a cavity-like defect that requires gradual fillinf in of the dead space with connective tissue. Prolonged repair process. |
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Labs for nutritional status |
Serum albumin and prealbumin levels are often used to monitor nutritional status. Prealbumin is a more sensitive marker because it has a shorted life span. Nutrition considered inadequate when the serum albumin level is less than 3.5 g/dL, prealbumin level is less than 19.5 mg/dL, or the lymphocyte count is less than 1800/mm3. However, serum protein levels are effected by a number of other factors including level of hydration, metabolic stress, and infection. Therefore lab values are valuable only when supported by additional assessment information. |
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Punch skin biopsy |
Most common. A small circular cutting instrument ranging in diameter 2-6mm. site injected with anesthetic, small plug of tissue is cut and removed. Site may close with 1-2 sutures if it is on the face or leg, of may heal without suturing. |
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Diascopy |
Painless technique that eliminates erythema caused by increased blood flow to the skin, easing the inspection of the skin lesion. Glass slide or lends is pressed down over area to be examined, blanching the skin and revealing the shape of the lesion. |
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Braden Scale |
Most commonly used skin risk assessment tool for meaure risk for pressure ulcer formation. Based off of mental status, activity and mobiity, nutritional status, and incontinence. Mental status - patient able to prevent pressure ulcer by understanding that thurning and shifting of weight prevents tissue damage (stroke, head injury, Alzheimer's). Activity and mobility - regardless of age, any patient who requires assistance with turning and positioning or who is unable to verbalize discomfort is at higher rik for pressure ulcer formation. anyone who is confined to bed or chair are also at higher risk. Nutritional status - critical risk factor for pressure ulcer development are healing. Incontinence - Results in prolonged contact of the skin with such substances as rea, bacteria,yeast, and enzymes carries in the urine ans feces. |
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Wound with small opening and purulent drainage |
After ischemia has occured, continued pressure over the area increases tissue destruction from the deep tissue layers toward the surface, resulting in the formation of TUNNELS. Hidden wound may first have small opening in the skin with purulent drainage. use cotton-tipped applicationb to probe gently for a much larger tunnel or pocket of necrotic tissue beneath the opening. Additional tunnels may also occure along the main wound, check all owounds for tunneling and, if present, document locations of each tunnel. |
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Granulation tissue |
New healthy tissue grows from base and fills up wound. |
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MRSA |
Meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus is a bacterium responsible for several difficult to treat infection in human. A strain of staph bacteria resistant to the antibiotics commonly used to treat ordinary staph infections. Caused by staph bacteria are normally found on the skin or in the nose of about one-third or other wounds, and even then they usually cause only minor skin problems in a healthy person. SS - small red bumps that resemble pimples, boils or spider bites. These can quickly turn into deep, painful abcessess that require surgical draining. Diagnostic testing conssist of tissue sample or nasal secretions MRSA still responds to certain antibiotics. in some cases antibiotics may not be necessary, for example doctors may drain a superficial abscess caused by MRSA rather then treating the infection with drugs. |
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Chronic Wounds; care in the home |
Clean tap water and nonsterile supplies are acceptable for treatment of chronic wounds in the home and are less costly than sterile products. |
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PUVA Therapy |
Ultraviolent threatment for enczema (raised rash looking), Psoriasis (scaly patches), Vetiligo (pigment lose), and cutaneous T-cell lymphona (cancer). Using the sensitizing effects of the drug psoralen (chemical found in certain plants that have the ability to absorb UV light). The psoralen is applied or taken orally to sensitize the skin, then the skin is exposed to UVA. Stops the cell multiplication Ingest of a photosensitizing agent 2 hours after exposure to UVA light. Only done 3 times a week not on consecutive days. Check for redness with edema and redness, if symptoms are present treatment nust be interrupted until they subside. Patient must wear dark glasses during treatment and for the remainder of the day. |
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Ketoconazole (Nizoral) |
Azole antifungals Treats certain serious fungal infections, should not be used to treat infections of the brain, skin, and nails. SE: Nausea and vomiting, headache, vision change, mental/mood changes. Give with food, 2 hours before antacids. |
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Clindamycin (cleocin) |
Antibiotic Antibiotics that fight bacteria in the body SE: DIARRHEA watery or bloody stop medications. |
