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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What the four main types of nervous system infectious disorders?
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meningitis, brain abscesses, encephalitis, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
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What is meningitis?
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inflammation of the pia mater, arachnoid, and the CSF filled subarachnoid space
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What are the two types of meningitis and what are the differences?
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septic- caused by bacteria
aseptic- caused by viral or secondary to HIV, leukemia |
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How are N. meningitis infections spread?
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secretions, aerosol contamination, within densely populated communities
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Explain the Patho of meningeal infection
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organism enters bloodstream, cross the blood brain barrier, proliferates the CSF, causing inflammation, ICP
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What are potential effects of meningeal infections?
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adrenal damage, circulatory collapse, hemorrages, endothelial damage, vascular necrosis, visual impairements, deafness, sz, paralysis, hydrocephalus, septic shock
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What are tht s/s of meningitus?
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headache, fever, nuchal rigidity (stiff neck), positve Kernig's and Brudzinski's sign, photophobia, rash, lethargy, altered LOC
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What is a positive Kernig's sign?
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lying supine, one knee to chest, that leg will not competely extend
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What is a positive Brudzinski's sign?
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flexion of the neck results in flexion of the knees
MORE SENSITIVE INDICATOR OF MENINGGEAL IRRITATION |
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How is meningitis diagnosed?
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bacterial culture, CSF gram stain, polysaccharide antigens in CSF
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What are prevention strategies for meningitis?
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vaccination, chemo-prophylaxis antimicrobial meds within 24 hours of exposure (rifadin, cipro, rocephin)
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What is the treatment for meningitis?
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penicillin, cephalosporin, vancomycin HCL, vanco + rifampin, dexamethasone
treament of dehydration, shock, sz |
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What are nursing considerations for meningitis?
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freq VS, LOC, ABC's, ventilation, temp, protect from injury from LOC, daily weight, electrolytes, urine, infection control, immobility, support for family
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