Med Surg 1 Chapter 1

Front 1

cause of something

Back 1

etiology

Front 2

The disease and how the disease affects the function of the body

Back 2

Pathophysiology

Front 3

Resulting from the body's immune mechanisms producing antibodies against the body's own tissue.

Back 3

Autoimmune

Front 4

Refers to a condition present at birth.

Back 4

Congenital

Front 5

____ is resulting from many factors including chromosomal abnormalities and intrauterine environment.

Back 5

Congenital

Front 6

Resulting from lack of one or more essential nutrient, vitamin or minerals in the diet.

Back 6

Deficiency

Front 7

Resulting from climate, atmosphere, or surroundings.

Back 7

Enviromental

Front 8

Resulting from genetic transmission from parents to embryo. (EG: Sickle cell anemia, hemophilia)

Back 8

Hereditary

Front 9

Resulting from contamination by disease producing microorganism ( Pathogen = Infection )

Back 9

Infectious

Front 10

Resulting from new growth of abnormal tissue

Back 10

Neoplastic

Front 11

Results from a disturbance of one or more endocrine glands responsible for internal secretions (EG: Diabetes Mellitus)

Back 11

Metabolic

Front 12

Results from conditions related to jobs tasks. (EG: Black lung from working in coal)

Back 12

Occupational

Front 13

Resultinging from physical injures.

Back 13

Traumatic

Front 14

Predisposing factors ( those that make you more susceptible) to illness include?

Back 14

Age, enviroment, gender, general physcical condtion, & heredity.

Front 15

Diseases and disorders can be

Back 15

Idiopathic, iatrogenic, &emotional stress.

Front 16

____ : they don't know a specific cause.

Back 16

Idiopathic

Front 17

____ : it is caused by the treatment that the person recieves ( by a physicisan/surgeon/caregiver)

Back 17

Iatrogenic

Front 18

General indications of disease and disorders

Back 18

Inflammation and infection.
Change in viatl signs.
Pain.
Shock.
Hemorrhage.
Fluid and electrolyte imbalances ( nurse should be alert for patient edema, dehydration)
Malaise.

Front 19

____ is always a stressful and disruptive experience not just for the patient, but for the family members as well.

Back 19

Illness

Front 20

Patient's cultural beliefs - many cultures veiw illness as a sign of ____.

Back 20

weakness

Front 21

Your culture as the health care provider may be reflected upon your ____.

Back 21

Patient.

Front 22

______ ______ may also influence their attitude and perception of their illness. They may view the illness as punishment.

Back 22

Spiritual beliefs

Front 23

People turn to ____ ____ during a time of illness especially when it is perceived as being boyond their control.

Back 23

spiritual beliefs

Front 24

Type of illness -- a patient with ____ ____ may be unwilling to admit to condition, have a difficult time accepting treatment or be embarrassed to obtain assistance.

Back 24

venereal disease

Front 25

______ _____ often means many fear that diseas or injury may alter their body image or affect normal functioning. They may fear the illness will cause them to lose control of their lives. They may be afraid of dying or being alone.

Back 25

Psychological impact.

Front 26

______ react differently to different situations. As a nurse, one of your primary roles is to be an effective communticator. Patients might display fear, axiety, depression, rejection/denial, suspicion or withdrawl. You have to be able to identify what a particular feeling you are dealing with and then set out to help the patient resolve their feelings.

Back 26

Patients

Front 27

The nurse should consider a patient's physical comfort and safety, medical condition and need for emotional support before writing a care plan. Our goal is to provide ____ care.

Back 27

holistic

Front 28

The nursing process:

Back 28

Data collection.
Planning.
Implementation/Intervention.
Evaluation.

Front 29

Data Collection
_______ - Collecting of data all and information relevant to the patient, their problem and needs .

Back 29

Assesment

Front 30

Data Collection
_______ ________ - establishing a nursing diagnosis.

Back 30

Probelm Identification

Front 31

_______ - estblishing the course of action to accomplish patient goals.

Back 31

Planning

Front 32

____________/________ - putting the plan into action

Back 32

Implementation/intervention

Front 33

_________ _ assesing the effectivness of the plan

Back 33

Evaulation

Front 34

Assessing the patient involes

Back 34

Intial comprehensive assesment
Perfom and docuement V/S
Doc. I&O
Doc. Complaints

Front 35

Providing for physcial comfort and safety

Back 35

Keep skin clean and ddry
Assist with ROM
Change postion
Maintain proper body alignment
Keep linens clean and free of wrinkles
Control environment as needed
Use safety devices as indicated

Front 36

Providing for emtional support

Back 36

Explain all regulations, procedures, and treatments.
Encourage patient and family to ask questions and to discuss concerns.
Respect pateints beliefs.
Offer reassurance when needed.
Show empathy for patient and family.

Front 37

______ refers to conditions/diseases that do not require surgical intervention.

Back 37

Medical

Front 38

_____ refers to conditions/diseases that require surgical intervention.

Back 38

Surgical

Front 39

Medical and Surgical areas can be subdivided into the specific areas like _____,______,_____,______, & ________.

Back 39

pediatric, medical ICU, cardiac ICU, surgical ICU, & neurological ICU.

Front 40

Treatments are done to?

Back 40

Diagnose disease and disorders.
Cure diseases and disorders (give antibiotics or do surgical repair)
Alter progress of illness.
Provide supportive therapy for patients with terminal conditions.

Front 41

_____ nearly always results in inflammation, but inflammation isn't always caused by ______.

Back 41

Infection, infection.

Front 42

Infections occurs as a result of a _______ being introduced.

Back 42

pathogens

Front 43

_______ _______ are hospital acuqired infections.

Back 43

Nosocomial infections

Front 44

Nosocomial infections are more serious than those acquired outside and often affect ______ as well as _____.

Back 44

workers, pateints

Front 45

Nosocomial infections may be more resistant to _______.

Back 45

antimicrobials

Front 46

The patient is often already compromised. Common sights are _____,_____,______ & ______.

Back 46

IV sites, surgical wounds, urinary, & respitory tracts.

Front 47

_______ infections present similar to an inflammation.

Back 47

Localized

Front 48

The classic symptoms of inflammation are

Back 48

swelling
pain
tenderness
redness/heat
loss of function

Front 49

Infection
intial response of the body is dilation of ___ ____, causing increased blood flow to the are.

Back 49

capillary bed

Front 50

Increased capillary permeability enables _______ (_____/____) to travel tp the area.

Back 50

leukocytes (neutrophils/monocytes)

Front 51

Leukocytes (neutrophils/monocytes), are able to leabe the vessel by the process called _____.

Back 51

diapedesis

Front 52

______ ingest bacteria and foriegn substances (phagocytosis). Other substances permeate the are such as protiens and RBC's and swelling results pain/loss of function.

Back 52

Leukocytes

Front 53

Systemic infection: Symptoms include

Back 53

Abnormal temprature
Changes in pulse or respitory rate
Headache
Restless or listlessness
Flushed skin/diaphoresis/chills
Generalized discomfort (muscle aches)
Nausea and vomitting/anorexia
Increased number of white cells ( if infection isn't present they will disappear in few hours)
Change in fluid balance

Front 54

Assesment of the patient/inflamed area. Documentation of those observations ____ &___

Back 54

Objective & subjective

Front 55

PT/inflammed area document on Objective ___,___,____, & ____

Back 55

redness, swelling, heat, & loss of function

Front 56

PT/inflammed area document on subjective ____ & ___

Back 56

tenderness & pain

Front 57

Maintain ___ ____ (______) with dressing changes. Observe standard precautions as well as drainage precautions if indicated.

Back 57

medical asepsis ( clean )

Front 58

Provide rest for affected area. Support the are on ____, or complete bed rest.

Back 58

pillow

Front 59

Protect affected area from further injury or complications by _______,_______,________, & _________.

Back 59

Bed cradle.
Position to prevent further irritation or pressure
Place dressing over area
Apply heat or cold to the area as prescribed by the physician.
Administer drugs.
Encourage fluids, especially water and increase up to 2L.
Monitor vital signs as often as indicated.
Isolation if necessary for infection.

Front 60

Protect affected area from further injury. While encouraging fluids to protect furthur injury, you may also increase ______ & _____.

Back 60

protien & vitamins

Front 61

Protect affected area from further injury. While increasing protiens & vitamins especially ______ _ & _____ promote wound healing prevention of futher infection.

Back 61

Vitamin C & Zinic

Front 62

Protect affected area from further injury. Monitor ___ ___ as often as indicated.

Back 62

vital signs

Front 63

Protect affected area from further injury. An elivation of ____ ____ may be an early sign of infectioon.

Back 63

vital signs

Front 64

Protect affected area from further injury. _____ if necessary for infection.

Back 64

Isolation

Front 65

_____ is a disagreeable sensation that results from a potentially harmful stimulus perceived by the patient and responded to indicidually.

Back 65

Pain

Front 66

Symptoms of pain

Back 66

Skin may become pale, cool and moist or it may be red, hot & dry.
Facial expression may be come drawn or distorted.
Pulse rate may increase or decrease in rate and strength.
Respirations will increase in rate.
Pupils will dialte.
Blood pressure may rise or fall.
Palms may sweat.
Gastric distress may result in retching with or without vomitting or may result in anorexia.
May become restless or move only when neccesary or assume a particular position to avoid pain.
Mnetal and emotional responses may vary from being very quiet and apathetic to being very demanding and irratable.

Front 67

Pain ____ are unevenly distribute within muscles, tendons, subQ, & skin.

Back 67

receptors

Front 68

Pain receptors are sensitive to _____ ___, ____, ____ _____ and ____ ____.

Back 68

chemical changes, temperature, mechanicalm stimuli and tissue damage.

Front 69

The steps to the nursing process:

Back 69

Data collection ( Assesment & problem ID)
Planning
Implementation/Intervention
Evaulation

Front 70

Substances called ______ are released in response to pain and stress.

Back 70

endorphins

Front 71

Progression of pain:
Pain recpetors are ____

Back 71

stimulated

Front 72

Progression of pain:
Pain recpetors are stimulated>the stimulus reaches the ___ ____>

Back 72

spinal cord

Front 73

Progression of pain:
Pain recpetors are stimulated>the stimulus reaches the spinal cord>then the _____

Back 73

brain

Front 74

Progression of pain:
Pain recpetors are stimulated>the stimulus reaches the spinal cord>then the brain>to the ___>

Back 74

thalmus

Front 75

Progression of pain:
Pain recpetors are stimulated>the stimulus reaches the spinal cord>then the brain>to the thalmus>and then to the ___ ___ to identify location and quality of pain.

Back 75

cerebral cotex

Front 76

____ ____ - the amount of stimuli needed for a person to sense pain.

Back 76

Pain threshold

Front 77

_____,_____,____, & ____ lower the pain threshold.

Back 77

Anger, fatigue, anxiety, & insomnia.

Front 78

Person experience pain more readily with less ____ when the pain threshold is loowered.

Back 78

stimuli

Front 79

_____ _____ - ability to endure pain. This should never interfere with adequate pain management.

Back 79

Pain Tolerance

Front 80

The most painful area for surgery is thought to be the ___ ____ due to the numerous tissues traumatized during the procedure.

Back 80

upper abdomen

Front 81

Mnemonic: P Q R S T meaning?

Back 81

Precipitating or alleviating factors
Quality of pain
Radiation
Severity
Timing

Front 82

_________ care includes care given during the entire surgical experiance.

Back 82

Perioperative

Front 83

Care just before surgical experience?

Back 83

preoperative

Front 84

Care during the surgical expereience?

Back 84

intraoperative

Front 85

Care after the surgical experience

Back 85

Postoperative

Front 86

Pre-op teaching is done ___ days prior to surgery

Back 86

1-2

Front 87

______ ______ - interruption of sensory nerve conductivity in any region of the body. The patient does not lose consciousness, but in some instances, IV sedation may be given.

Back 87

Regional Anesthisa

Front 88

____ _____ : patient enter a state of unconsciousness with inability to feel pain

Back 88

General anesthesia

Front 89

____ : an abnormal condition of inadequate blood flow to the body's peripheral tissues, with life threatening cellular dysfunction. There is usally failure of the cardiovasucular system to provide sufficient blood circulation ( oxygen).

Back 89

Shock

Front 90

Shock is most likely to occur in the ____ phase.

Back 90

post op

Front 91

Classic symptoms of shock

Back 91

Cold moist skin especially in extremities.
Pallor especially of lips and fingers.
Rapid and weak pulse.
Decreased Bp.
Decreased temp.
Increased respirations.
Listlessness/restlessness/apprehension
Thrist
Decreased urinary output (oliguria) - less than 30 mL/hr
Nausea/vomiting due to e-lyte imbalance and fluid shifts

Front 92

Post-op complications. GU disturbances.
Assess urinary output - voiding should occur within ____ hours.

Back 92

6-8 hours.

Front 93

Application of TED'S/SCD'S and early ambulation are measure to prevent __________.

Back 93

thrombophlrbitis

Front 94

Post-op complications. Wound evisceration. Nursing interventions.

Back 94

Teach the patient to splint the incision.
Do not panic
Keep the pt quiet and still.
Flex their knees.
HOB not over 20'.
Removes dressing to inspect wound.
Apply sterile dressing if dehisced. Notify Dr.
If eviscerated: cover organs with sterile NS soaked dressings and dry sterile dressings on top. Call dr immediateley.
Anticipate returnn to surgery.

Front 95

TCDB : prevention of ____ & ____ complications.

Back 95

pulmonary and circulatory

Front 96

Types of surgical drains?

Back 96

Penrose
T-tube
Jackson-Pratt
Hemovac