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260 Cards in this Set

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Lactose formers
1.      “CEEK”
Lactose formers
2.     Citrobacter 3.     Enterobacter 4.     E.Coli (K1 capsule most important) 5.     Klebsiella
Non lactose formers
6.     “SHYPS”
Non lactose formers
7.     Shigella 8.     Yersinia enterolytica (AKA Pestis) 9.     Proteus 10.   Salmonella
May lack color
11.    “These rascals may microscopically lack color”:
May lack color
12.   Treponema 13.   Ricksetta 14.   Mycobacterium 15.   Mycoplasma 16.   Legionella 17.   Chlamydia
­ cAMP
18.   “CAPE”
­ cAMP
19.   Cholera 20.   Anthracis (Poly D glutamate capsule) 21.   Pertusis (via Gi) 22.   E.coli (LT enterotoxin)
Have Capsules [ie… are Quellung Reaction (+)]
23.   “Some killers have pretty nice capsules”
Have Capsules [ie… are Quellung Reaction (+)]
24.   Strep. Pneumoniae 25.   Klebsiella 26.   HiB 27.   Pseudamona Aeroginosa 28.   Neisseria meningitis 29.   Cryptococcus neoformans (only encapsulated fungal pathogen)
Dimorphic Fungi
30.   “Can Also Have Both Shapes”
Dimorphic Fungi
31.   Cocciodes 32.   Aspergillus 33.   Histolpasma 34.   Blastomyces 35.   Sprothrix schenkii
Have b Prophage
36.   “OBED”
Have b Prophage
37.   O = Salmonella 38.   B = Botulinum 39.   E = Erythrogenic strep 40.   D = Diptheria
Spore Forming Bacteria
41.   Bacilus & Clostridium (have calcium di-picolinate)
IgA Proteases
42.   Neisseria, Haemophilus, S. pneumoniae
Widal Test
43.   Salmonella (Salmonella begins in the ileocecal region) agglutination indicates Abs to O, H, Vi Salmunella Ags
Wayson’s Stain
44.   Yersinia
Pneumonic Plaque Transmission
45.   Person to person cf w/ Bubonic plaque that was via infected flea
Splenectomy
46.   Predisposes to septicemia
Invasins
47.   Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
Fusiform
48.   Vincent’s trench mouth
S. viridans
49.   Dextran mediated adherence
Obligate Aerobes
50.   Pseudomonas & Mycobacterium
Obligate Anaerobes
51.   Clostridium, Actinomyces, Bacteroides
Staph aureus
52.   A Protein, Catalase +/ Coagulase +
Spirochetes
53.   Treponema, Borrelia, Leptospira
Non Motile Gram (+) Rods
54.   Corenybacterium D & Nocardia
Acid Fast Organisms
55.   Mycobacterium; Cryptosporidium; Nocardia (partially); Legionella micdadei; Isospora
Pigment Producing Bacteria - Serratia
56.   – red (can cause pseudohemoptysis)
Pigment Producing Bacteria -Pseudomonas A
57.   – piocyanin blue/green
Pigment Producing Bacteria - Staph Aureus
58.   – yellow – Protein A
Pigment Producing Bacteria - Mycobacteria
59.   – photo/scoto chromogenic – caritinoid – yellow/orange
Pigment Producing Bacteria - Corneybacterium D
60.   – black/gray – pseudomembrane plaque in throat
Pigment Producing Bacteria - Bacteroides (Porphyromonas) melaninogenicus
61.   – black (heme)
Pigment Producing Bacteria - E. coli
62.   – irredescent green sheen
Bacterial Morphology - Pneumococci
63.   – lancet shaped diplococci
Bacterial Morphology - Neisseria
64.   – kidney bean shaped diplococci
Bacterial Morphology - Camphylobacter
65.   – gulls’ wings/comas
Bacterial Morphology - Vibrio Cholera
66.   – coma shaped
Bacterial Morphology - Corneybacterium D
67.   – club shaped (nonmotile, G+Rod)
Bacterial Morphology - Yersinia
68.   – safety pin seen in Wayson’s stain
Inclusion Bodies - Rabies
69.   – Negri bodies – intracytoplasmic
Inclusion Bodies - Pox virus
70.   – Guarnieri – intracytoplasmic & acidophilic
Inclusion Bodies - CMV
71.   – Owl’s eyes – intracytoplasmic & intranuclear
Inclusion Bodies - HSV
72.   – Cowdry bodies – intranuclear
Schistosoma Japonicum Monsoni
73.   Intestinal – contact w/ bad water
Schistosoma Haematolium
74.   Vesicular – contact w/ bad water
Non Human Schistosom
75.   Swimmer’s itch – contact w/ bad water
Clonorchichis
76.   Chinese liver fluke – eating raw fish. Txt: Praziquantel
Fasciola Hepatica
77.   Sheep – eating raw fish. Txt: Praziquantel
Fasciola Biski
78.   Giant intestinal flukes – eating raw fish. Txt: Praziquantel
Paragonimus Westermani
79.   Lung fluke – eating raw fish. Txt: Praziquantel
Oxidase (+)
80.   Neiserria and most Gram (-)s
Micro Aerophilic
81.   Camphylobacter & Helicobacter
Urease (+)
82.   All Proteus – can cause Staghorn/Struvite calculi (NH4- Mg2- stones): alkaline urine 83.   Ureaplasma 84.   Campylobacter pylori (Helicobacter) 85.   Cryptococcus 86.   Nocardia
Coagulase (+)
87.   Staph A & Yersenia pestis
Obligate Intracellular Bacteria
88.   Chlamydia Pistacci (Chlamydia do not make own ATP); Mycobacterium Leprae; all Rickettsia except Roachalimea (make suficient ATP to survive)
Protozoa
89.   Plasmodium; Toxoplasma ghondi; Babesin; Leishmania; Trypanosoma Cruzi
Obligate Non Intracellular Parasites
90.   Treponema palidum & Pneumocystis Carinii (cannot be cultured on inert media but can be found extra cellularly in the body)
Haemophilus Factors
91.   X = Protoporphyrin & V = NAD
All cocci are
92.   Gram (+) except for Neisseria & Moraxella
“Eaton Fried Eggs”
93.   Mycoplasma pneumoniae has fried egg colonies on Eaton agar (needs cholesterol)
Mycoplasma
94.   No cell wall. Membrane has cholesterol. Smallest living bacteria.
Mycoplasma
95.   P1 protein inhs ciliary action
Mycoplasma
96.   Fried egg colonies
Mycoplasma
97.   Atypical pneumonia – young adults
Sabrands
98.   Fungal media
Malassazia furfur
99.   Spaghetti & meat ball
Measles’ 3C’s
100. Cough – Coryza – Conjunctivitis. Can also have photophobia
Measles
101.  May lead to subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis
Non Motile Bacilli & Clostridium
102. B. Anthracis & C. Perfringens
Bloody diarrhea agents
103. EIEC – EHEC – Shigella - Yersenia enterocolitica – Entaemeba histolytica – Salmonella – Campylobacter jejuni
YW-135CA
104. N. meningitidis vaccine capsualr polysaccharide strains
Indian Ink
105. Cryptococcus neoformans
Naegleria causes
106. Colonization in the nasal passages after swimming
Need Cysyeine for growth
107. “Ella likes cysteine”:
Need Cysyeine for growth
108. Francisella 109. Brucella 110.  Legionella 111.  Pasturella
Endotoxins, G(+) or G(-)
112.  Gram (-): N. meningitidis
Ecthyma Gangrenosum, seen w/
113.  Pseudomonas aeroginosa. Target shaped skin lesions w/ a black center and red ring surrounding the lesion
Endospores G(+)
114.  Gram (+): Bacillus & Clostridium – made up of dipicolinate & Keratin
Multi Brain Abscess
115.  Nocardia
Single Brain Abscess
116.  Actinomyces israelli
­ risk for Strep pneum Infection
117.  Asplenic; Sickle cell anemia; immunocompromising illness
a Hemolysis/Optochin Sensitive
118.  Strep. Pneumoniae
a Hemolysis/Optochin Resistant
119.  Strep. Viridans (Subacute Endocarditis)
Staph. Saprophyticus
120. Novobiocin Resistant (UTIs)
Staph. Epidermidis
121.  Novobiocin sensitive (Endocarditis in IVDUs)
b Hemolysis/Bacitracin Sensitive
122. Strep. Pyogenes (pharyngitis; Scarlet fever; cellulitis; impetigo; Rheumatic fever))
b Hemolysis/Bacitracin Sensitive
123. Hyaluronic capsule; non-motile; M proteins; Endotoxin A
b Hemolysis/Bacitracin Resistant
124. Strep. Agalactiae (Diabetes predisposes to infection)
EFII Ribosylation
125. Diphtheria toxin & Pseudomonas exotoxon A
Bacillus Anthracis: 3 toxins (work via adenylate cyclase)
126. Protective Antigen (PA) 127. Lethal Factor = toxic to macrophages 128. Edema Factor = ­ cAMP
Woolsorter’s Disease
129. Bacillus anthracis. DOC: Penicillin
Grows in Rice
130. Bacillus Cereus
Clostridium Perfringens
131.  Double Zone b Hemolysis (test)
Clostridium Perfringens
132. Lecithinase: a toxin = lyses RBCs
Clostridium Perfringens
133. 80% of gas gangrene (myonecrosis) cases
Clostridium Difficile
134. 2 Toxins: Enterotoxin (Exotoxin A) & Cytotoxin (Exotoxin B)
Clostridium Difficile
135. Pseudomembranous colitis (can be precipitated by clindamycin/ampicillin)
Spastic Paralysis toxin
136. Clostridium Tetani toxin
Clostridium Botulinum
137. Bad canned foods have neurotoxin = flaccid paralysis (block Ach release)
Infant Botulinum
138. Floppy Baby Syndrome. Pre formed toxin in honey
Thayer Martin Agar
139. Neisseria ID
DOC for N. gonorrhoeae
140. Ceftriazone
K1 E. Coli Capsular Ag
141.  Related w/ neonateal meningitis
The A’s of Klebsiella
142. Alcoholics 143. Aspiration pneumonia 144. Abscesses in the lungs
Rice H2O Diarrhea
145. Vibrio Cholera: metabolic acidosis
Raw seafood intoxicaiton
146. Vibrio parahemolyticus
Helicobacter Txt
147. Bismuth salts; Metronidazole; Tetracycline (or amoxicillin)
­ risk of P. aeroginosa infection
148. Burn patients & Cystic fibrosis
Contact lens’ infection
149. Pseudomonas aeroginosa
Cat Bites
150. Pasteurella multocida
Undulant Fever
151.  Brucella
Bordet Gengou Agar
152. Bordetella pertusis ID
Lowenstein-Jensen medium
153. M. tuberculosis ID
Cat Scratch Disease
154. Bartonella henselae. Leion can resemble Kaposi’s sarcoma.
Cat (related) Disease
155. Toxoplasmosis
Pink Eye
156. Adenovirus (type 8)
True Hemaphrodite
157. Testes & Ovaries are present
Pseudo Hemaphrodite
158. External genitalia does not coincide w/ gonads
Male Pseudo Hemaphrodite
159. Testicular Feminization
HLA Genes Location
160. 6p
Parvovirus B19
161.  Fifth Disease: Erythema Infectiosum (ssDNA). Linked w/ sicle cell anemia
Interferon MOA
162. Inhibits viral replication (translation or transcription)
Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis
163. Seen w/ infections from Enterovirus & Coxsackie A
Parainfluenza Causes…
164. Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis)
Swimming Pool Conjunctivitis
165. Adenovirus (types 3 & 4)
RSV
166. Bronchiolitis in infants
Removed tonsils, find what virus
167. In 80%, Adenovirus. In the immunosuppressed, activation can occur
Bone Fever
168. Dengue: Group B Togavirus, from the Arbovirus, transmitted by mosquitos
HbsAg
169. Appears in blood soon after infection, before onset of acute illness
HbsAg
170. Disappears w/in 4-6 months after the start of clinical illness
HbeAg
171.  Appears early acute phase, indicates higher risk of transmitting the disease
HbeAg
172. Disappears before HbsAg is gone
Anti-Hbc
173. Present in beginning of clinical illness
Anti-Hbc
174. Seen in the “window phase”
Filamentous Bacteria
175. Actinomycetes = Nocardia; Actinomyces; Streptomyces
Listeria contaminates
176. Milk, cheese, vegetables (coleslaw) in recent infections
Shiga like Toxin
177. E. Coli 0157/H7: Hemorrhagic colitis & Hemorrhagic uremic syndrome
Necrotizing Fasciitis
178. Group A Streptococci
Relapsing Fever
179. Borrelia recurrentis
Loffler’s Medium
180. Corneybacterium diphtheriae
Chlamydiae Developmental Cycle (1)
181.  Elementary Body: infeccious particle that Enters the cell
Chlamydiae Developmental Cycle (2)
182. Reticulate Body: made from elementary body. Replicates, differentiates and releases elementary bodies to infect other cells
Chlamydiae
183. W/ infection you will see Glycogen containing inclusions
Chlamydiae
184. Cell wall lacks muramic acid
Trench Fever
185. Rochalimaea quintana
“Spotted Fever” Members
186. Rickettssia rickettsii (RMSF) & R. akari (rickettsial pox) in the U.S.
Other Rickettsia
187. R. sibirica (tick typhus in China) & R. australis (typhus in Australia)
Thrush Txt
188. Nystatin txts candidiasis of the mouth
Rose Bush Thorns
189. Have Sporothrix schenckii
Contact lens solution infection
190. Acanthamoeba
Filiariasis Causant
191.  Wucheria bancrofti (infection aka elephantitis & wucheriasis
Freshwater lake infection
192. Causes amebic meningoencephalitis due to Naegleria fowleri
Reduviid bug bite
193. Transmits Trypanoma cruzi (Chagas’ disease): Romana’s Sign
Schistosoma Haematobium causes
194. Bladder calcificaiton & cancer
Schistosoma Mansoni causes
195. Presinusoidal HTN, splenomagaly, esophageal varices
Snail, intermediate host of…
196. Schistosomiasis
Ixodes scapularis transmits
197. Babesia (clinically rembles malaria) & Borelia burgdorferi
Nantucket Protozoa
198. Babesia microt
Infection by Reduviid Bug
199. Trypansoma cruzi: Chagas’ Disease
Infection by TseTse Fly
200.Trypansoma brucei gambiense & rhodiense: African Sleeping Sickness
Infection by Sandfly
201. Leishmaniasis: Mucocutaneous Diseases by L. braziliensis & Visceral Disease by L. donovani & Dermal Leishman by L. tropica, mexicana, peruviana
Infection by Ixodes Tick
202.Babesia microti: Babesiosis & Borrelia burgdorferi: Lyme Disease
Infection by Anopheles Mosquito
203.Malaria
Trophozoites w/ “Face-Like” Appearance
204.Giardia lamblia
Nonseptate Hyphae
205.Zygomycosis: Rhizopus & Mucor. Only mycosis w/o septate. Infect Ketoacidotic Diabetics.
Histoplasmosis Geography
206.Ohio, Mississippi, Misouri River valleys
Coocidioidomycosis Geography
207.Southwestern deserts, California
Blastomycosis Geography
208.States east of Mississippi River
Paracoccidioidomycosis Geography
209.Latin America
Roseola Infection, aka
210. Exanthema Subitum: “Sixth Disease” (Human Herpes Virus-6 dsDNA, enveloped)
Herpangina
211.  “Hand-Foot-and-Mouth” Disease: Coxsackie A (Picornavirus +ssRNA)
Orthomyxovirus
212. –ssRNA, enveloped virus.
Orthomyxovirus
213. Spike Glycoproteins (peplomeres): HA = Hemagluttinin & NA = Neuraminidase. These peplomeres are what give the virus antigenis variation
Orthomyxovirus
214. Influenza A & B
Paramyxovirus
215. –RNA, enveloped. Most common cause of respiratory infections in kids
Paramyxovirus
216. Mumps 217. Croup(Parainfluenza virus) 218. Rubeola(Measles virus) 219. RSV
Togavirus
220.+ssRNA, enveloped
Togavirus
221. 3 Day Measles: German Measles: Rubella/ Rubivirus
Togavirus
222. Encephalitis viruses: Alphaviruses: Eastern (more severe) and Western Equine Encephalitis
Flaviviris
223.Dengue Fever – icterus & hemorrhage w/ blac vomit 224.Yellow fever 225.St. Louis Encephalitis – no hepatitis or hemorrhage
Bunyavirus
226.–ssRNA, enveloped
Bunyavirus
227.California Encephalitis – severe bifrontal headaches 228.Hantavirus – hemorrhagic fever w/ acute resp. distress syndrome
IgA Protease Activity
229.H. Influenzae (needs factors V & X for growth) 230.Strep. Pneumoniae 231. N. meningitidis 232.N. gonnorhoae
IgA Protease Activity
233.W/ this activity these bugs are able to colonize the oral mucosa.
Diphtheria: ABCDEFG
234.Adenopathy
Diphtheria: ABCDEFG
235.b Prophage encodes the exotoxin
Diphtheria: ABCDEFG
236.Corneybacteria is Club shaped
Diphtheria: ABCDEFG
237.Diphtheria
Diphtheria: ABCDEFG
238.Elongation Factor II
Diphtheria: ABCDEFG
239.Granules (metachromatic)
Only ssDNA
240.Parvovirus: “Part of a virus”
Only dsRNA
241. Reovirus, “RepeatOvirus”
Naked RNA
242.“Naked for CPR”: Calcivirus; Picornovirus; Reovirus
2 circular DNAs
243.Papovavirus & Hepadnavirus
BK
244.Papovavirus. Seen in kidney transplant patients (causes renal disease)
Hepadna, Retrovirus?
245.No, but has reverse transcriptase
Picornovirus: “PERCH”
246.Poiliovirus; Echo; Rhino; Coxsackie; Hep A
Hemorrhagic Fevers
221. Filovirus & Bunyavirus (Hantavirus)
Segmented viruses
All are RNA: Orthomyxo; Arena; Bunya; Reo
Eclipse Phase
No internal virus. 1 total virus per cell
Latent Phase
No external virus. Extracellular virus found
Naked Capsid Virus
Nucleocapsid. DNA or RNA + Structural proteins
Enveloped Virus
Membrane. Nucleocapsid + Glycoprotein
Interferon
Non virus specific. Works by RNA endonuclease = digests viral DNA + inh viral prot synth
AIDS structural prots
Gag, pol, env
AIDS regulatory prots
Tat, rev, nef
AIDS gp41 env prot
Transmembrane
AIDS gp120 env prot
Surface
AIDS p17 gag prot
Matrix
AIDS p24 gag prot
Capsid
AIDS p7p9 gag prot
Nucleocapsid
Hepatitis Window Period
After HbsAg disappears & Before HbsAb appears
Downey Type II cells
EBV
Infection by Aedes Mosquito
Yellow Fever: Flavivirus: Black vomit, jaundice, high fever
“Hot T-Bone stEAk”: ILs
IL1 = ­ Temp: HOT
IL2 = stimulate T cells
IL3 = stimulate Bone Marrow stem cells’ growth & differentiation (GM CSF)
IL4 = stimulate IgE (& IgG)
IL5 = stimulate IgA (& eosinophils)
IL2, IL4, IL5, IFN gamma
ILs Secreted by CD4s
IL1 & TNF a
ILs Secreted by Macrophages
Neutral chemotaxis.
C5a
When it is w/ C3a, participates in anaphylaxis
C5a
When both Alternative and Classic pathways come together
C5 Convertase
Alternative: C3b, Bb, C3b + C3a à C5
C5 Convertase
Classic: 2b, 3b, C3a + C4b à C5
Only Richettssia not Intracellular
Quintana
Plasmodium Life Cycle (1)
Sporozoites: from blood to liver
Plasmodium Life Cycle (2)
Primary tissue schizont
Plasmodium Life Cycle (3)
Trophozoites: in RBC
Plasmodium Life Cycle (4)
Erythrocytic schizont
Plasmodium Life Cycle (5)
Merozoite: ruptured RBC
Plasmodium Life Cycle (6)
Gametozyte
Plasmodium Life Cycle (7)
Zygote: inside the mosquito
Acanthamoeba
Star shaped cysts
Mucor, Rhizopus, Absidia
Nonseptate, filamentous, 90 degree branching, indian in, capsular halos
Cryptococcus Neoformans
Monomorphic
Candida
Yeast normally, pseudo & true hyphae in tissue infections
Aspergillus Fumigatum
45 degree branching point, asoc’d w/ cystic fibrosis & burns pt
Cocciodes
Hyphae in wild. Artroconidia. Arthocondida & Hyphae. Sherules w/ endospores
Histoplasma Cap
Hyphae in wild. Microcondida w/ tuberculate macrocondida. Fac intracellular. In the tissue it’s a yeast w/ a small neck.
Blastomycosis
Hyphae in wild
Sporothrix Schenkii
Hypahe in wild. Potas iodide in milk. Pneumonia in alcoholics.
PCP
Obligate parasite. Kills type I pneumo cells. Ground glass
Gram (-) Bugs w/ Exotoxins
E. Coli; V. Cholera; Bordetella Pertussis
Dermatophytes
Trichophyton: SHN; Microsporium: SH; Epidermophyton: SN; Tinea tavus: permanent hair loss
Parasite
Transmission
Diagnosis
E. Histolitica
Cysts
Trophozoites or cysts in stool
Giardia
Cysts
Trophozoites or cysts in stool
Cryptosporidium
Cysts
Acid fast oocysts
Balantium C.
Cysts
Trophozoites or cysts in stool
Trichomonas V.
Trophozoites
Motile trophozoites
Malaria
Fever
Fever Spike
Vivax
Benign 3 degrees
48h
Ovale
Benign 3 degrees
48h
Malariae
4 degrees of Malarial
72hr regular
Falciparum
Malignant 3 degrees