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260 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Lactose formers
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1. “CEEK”
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Lactose formers
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2. Citrobacter 3. Enterobacter 4. E.Coli (K1 capsule most important) 5. Klebsiella
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Non lactose formers
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6. “SHYPS”
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Non lactose formers
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7. Shigella 8. Yersinia enterolytica (AKA Pestis) 9. Proteus 10. Salmonella
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May lack color
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11. “These rascals may microscopically lack color”:
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May lack color
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12. Treponema 13. Ricksetta 14. Mycobacterium 15. Mycoplasma 16. Legionella 17. Chlamydia
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cAMP
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18. “CAPE”
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cAMP
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19. Cholera 20. Anthracis (Poly D glutamate capsule) 21. Pertusis (via Gi) 22. E.coli (LT enterotoxin)
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Have Capsules [ie… are Quellung Reaction (+)]
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23. “Some killers have pretty nice capsules”
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Have Capsules [ie… are Quellung Reaction (+)]
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24. Strep. Pneumoniae 25. Klebsiella 26. HiB 27. Pseudamona Aeroginosa 28. Neisseria meningitis 29. Cryptococcus neoformans (only encapsulated fungal pathogen)
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Dimorphic Fungi
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30. “Can Also Have Both Shapes”
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Dimorphic Fungi
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31. Cocciodes 32. Aspergillus 33. Histolpasma 34. Blastomyces 35. Sprothrix schenkii
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Have b Prophage
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36. “OBED”
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Have b Prophage
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37. O = Salmonella 38. B = Botulinum 39. E = Erythrogenic strep 40. D = Diptheria
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Spore Forming Bacteria
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41. Bacilus & Clostridium (have calcium di-picolinate)
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IgA Proteases
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42. Neisseria, Haemophilus, S. pneumoniae
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Widal Test
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43. Salmonella (Salmonella begins in the ileocecal region) agglutination indicates Abs to O, H, Vi Salmunella Ags
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Wayson’s Stain
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44. Yersinia
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Pneumonic Plaque Transmission
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45. Person to person cf w/ Bubonic plaque that was via infected flea
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Splenectomy
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46. Predisposes to septicemia
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Invasins
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47. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
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Fusiform
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48. Vincent’s trench mouth
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S. viridans
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49. Dextran mediated adherence
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Obligate Aerobes
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50. Pseudomonas & Mycobacterium
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Obligate Anaerobes
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51. Clostridium, Actinomyces, Bacteroides
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Staph aureus
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52. A Protein, Catalase +/ Coagulase +
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Spirochetes
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53. Treponema, Borrelia, Leptospira
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Non Motile Gram (+) Rods
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54. Corenybacterium D & Nocardia
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Acid Fast Organisms
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55. Mycobacterium; Cryptosporidium; Nocardia (partially); Legionella micdadei; Isospora
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Pigment Producing Bacteria - Serratia
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56. – red (can cause pseudohemoptysis)
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Pigment Producing Bacteria -Pseudomonas A
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57. – piocyanin blue/green
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Pigment Producing Bacteria - Staph Aureus
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58. – yellow – Protein A
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Pigment Producing Bacteria - Mycobacteria
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59. – photo/scoto chromogenic – caritinoid – yellow/orange
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Pigment Producing Bacteria - Corneybacterium D
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60. – black/gray – pseudomembrane plaque in throat
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Pigment Producing Bacteria - Bacteroides (Porphyromonas) melaninogenicus
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61. – black (heme)
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Pigment Producing Bacteria - E. coli
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62. – irredescent green sheen
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Bacterial Morphology - Pneumococci
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63. – lancet shaped diplococci
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Bacterial Morphology - Neisseria
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64. – kidney bean shaped diplococci
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Bacterial Morphology - Camphylobacter
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65. – gulls’ wings/comas
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Bacterial Morphology - Vibrio Cholera
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66. – coma shaped
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Bacterial Morphology - Corneybacterium D
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67. – club shaped (nonmotile, G+Rod)
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Bacterial Morphology - Yersinia
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68. – safety pin seen in Wayson’s stain
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Inclusion Bodies - Rabies
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69. – Negri bodies – intracytoplasmic
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Inclusion Bodies - Pox virus
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70. – Guarnieri – intracytoplasmic & acidophilic
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Inclusion Bodies - CMV
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71. – Owl’s eyes – intracytoplasmic & intranuclear
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Inclusion Bodies - HSV
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72. – Cowdry bodies – intranuclear
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Schistosoma Japonicum Monsoni
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73. Intestinal – contact w/ bad water
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Schistosoma Haematolium
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74. Vesicular – contact w/ bad water
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Non Human Schistosom
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75. Swimmer’s itch – contact w/ bad water
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Clonorchichis
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76. Chinese liver fluke – eating raw fish. Txt: Praziquantel
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Fasciola Hepatica
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77. Sheep – eating raw fish. Txt: Praziquantel
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Fasciola Biski
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78. Giant intestinal flukes – eating raw fish. Txt: Praziquantel
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Paragonimus Westermani
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79. Lung fluke – eating raw fish. Txt: Praziquantel
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Oxidase (+)
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80. Neiserria and most Gram (-)s
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Micro Aerophilic
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81. Camphylobacter & Helicobacter
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Urease (+)
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82. All Proteus – can cause Staghorn/Struvite calculi (NH4- Mg2- stones): alkaline urine 83. Ureaplasma 84. Campylobacter pylori (Helicobacter) 85. Cryptococcus 86. Nocardia
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Coagulase (+)
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87. Staph A & Yersenia pestis
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Obligate Intracellular Bacteria
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88. Chlamydia Pistacci (Chlamydia do not make own ATP); Mycobacterium Leprae; all Rickettsia except Roachalimea (make suficient ATP to survive)
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Protozoa
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89. Plasmodium; Toxoplasma ghondi; Babesin; Leishmania; Trypanosoma Cruzi
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Obligate Non Intracellular Parasites
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90. Treponema palidum & Pneumocystis Carinii (cannot be cultured on inert media but can be found extra cellularly in the body)
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Haemophilus Factors
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91. X = Protoporphyrin & V = NAD
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All cocci are
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92. Gram (+) except for Neisseria & Moraxella
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“Eaton Fried Eggs”
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93. Mycoplasma pneumoniae has fried egg colonies on Eaton agar (needs cholesterol)
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Mycoplasma
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94. No cell wall. Membrane has cholesterol. Smallest living bacteria.
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Mycoplasma
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95. P1 protein inhs ciliary action
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Mycoplasma
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96. Fried egg colonies
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Mycoplasma
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97. Atypical pneumonia – young adults
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Sabrands
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98. Fungal media
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Malassazia furfur
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99. Spaghetti & meat ball
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Measles’ 3C’s
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100. Cough – Coryza – Conjunctivitis. Can also have photophobia
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Measles
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101. May lead to subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis
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Non Motile Bacilli & Clostridium
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102. B. Anthracis & C. Perfringens
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Bloody diarrhea agents
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103. EIEC – EHEC – Shigella - Yersenia enterocolitica – Entaemeba histolytica – Salmonella – Campylobacter jejuni
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YW-135CA
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104. N. meningitidis vaccine capsualr polysaccharide strains
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Indian Ink
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105. Cryptococcus neoformans
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Naegleria causes
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106. Colonization in the nasal passages after swimming
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Need Cysyeine for growth
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107. “Ella likes cysteine”:
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Need Cysyeine for growth
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108. Francisella 109. Brucella 110. Legionella 111. Pasturella
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Endotoxins, G(+) or G(-)
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112. Gram (-): N. meningitidis
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Ecthyma Gangrenosum, seen w/
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113. Pseudomonas aeroginosa. Target shaped skin lesions w/ a black center and red ring surrounding the lesion
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Endospores G(+)
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114. Gram (+): Bacillus & Clostridium – made up of dipicolinate & Keratin
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Multi Brain Abscess
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115. Nocardia
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Single Brain Abscess
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116. Actinomyces israelli
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risk for Strep pneum Infection
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117. Asplenic; Sickle cell anemia; immunocompromising illness
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a Hemolysis/Optochin Sensitive
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118. Strep. Pneumoniae
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a Hemolysis/Optochin Resistant
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119. Strep. Viridans (Subacute Endocarditis)
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Staph. Saprophyticus
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120. Novobiocin Resistant (UTIs)
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Staph. Epidermidis
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121. Novobiocin sensitive (Endocarditis in IVDUs)
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b Hemolysis/Bacitracin Sensitive
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122. Strep. Pyogenes (pharyngitis; Scarlet fever; cellulitis; impetigo; Rheumatic fever))
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b Hemolysis/Bacitracin Sensitive
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123. Hyaluronic capsule; non-motile; M proteins; Endotoxin A
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b Hemolysis/Bacitracin Resistant
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124. Strep. Agalactiae (Diabetes predisposes to infection)
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EFII Ribosylation
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125. Diphtheria toxin & Pseudomonas exotoxon A
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Bacillus Anthracis: 3 toxins (work via adenylate cyclase)
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126. Protective Antigen (PA) 127. Lethal Factor = toxic to macrophages 128. Edema Factor = cAMP
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Woolsorter’s Disease
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129. Bacillus anthracis. DOC: Penicillin
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Grows in Rice
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130. Bacillus Cereus
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Clostridium Perfringens
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131. Double Zone b Hemolysis (test)
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Clostridium Perfringens
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132. Lecithinase: a toxin = lyses RBCs
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Clostridium Perfringens
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133. 80% of gas gangrene (myonecrosis) cases
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Clostridium Difficile
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134. 2 Toxins: Enterotoxin (Exotoxin A) & Cytotoxin (Exotoxin B)
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Clostridium Difficile
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135. Pseudomembranous colitis (can be precipitated by clindamycin/ampicillin)
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Spastic Paralysis toxin
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136. Clostridium Tetani toxin
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Clostridium Botulinum
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137. Bad canned foods have neurotoxin = flaccid paralysis (block Ach release)
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Infant Botulinum
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138. Floppy Baby Syndrome. Pre formed toxin in honey
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Thayer Martin Agar
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139. Neisseria ID
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DOC for N. gonorrhoeae
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140. Ceftriazone
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K1 E. Coli Capsular Ag
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141. Related w/ neonateal meningitis
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The A’s of Klebsiella
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142. Alcoholics 143. Aspiration pneumonia 144. Abscesses in the lungs
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Rice H2O Diarrhea
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145. Vibrio Cholera: metabolic acidosis
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Raw seafood intoxicaiton
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146. Vibrio parahemolyticus
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Helicobacter Txt
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147. Bismuth salts; Metronidazole; Tetracycline (or amoxicillin)
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risk of P. aeroginosa infection
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148. Burn patients & Cystic fibrosis
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Contact lens’ infection
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149. Pseudomonas aeroginosa
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Cat Bites
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150. Pasteurella multocida
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Undulant Fever
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151. Brucella
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Bordet Gengou Agar
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152. Bordetella pertusis ID
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Lowenstein-Jensen medium
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153. M. tuberculosis ID
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Cat Scratch Disease
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154. Bartonella henselae. Leion can resemble Kaposi’s sarcoma.
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Cat (related) Disease
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155. Toxoplasmosis
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Pink Eye
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156. Adenovirus (type 8)
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True Hemaphrodite
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157. Testes & Ovaries are present
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Pseudo Hemaphrodite
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158. External genitalia does not coincide w/ gonads
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Male Pseudo Hemaphrodite
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159. Testicular Feminization
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HLA Genes Location
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160. 6p
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Parvovirus B19
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161. Fifth Disease: Erythema Infectiosum (ssDNA). Linked w/ sicle cell anemia
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Interferon MOA
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162. Inhibits viral replication (translation or transcription)
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Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis
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163. Seen w/ infections from Enterovirus & Coxsackie A
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Parainfluenza Causes…
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164. Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis)
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Swimming Pool Conjunctivitis
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165. Adenovirus (types 3 & 4)
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RSV
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166. Bronchiolitis in infants
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Removed tonsils, find what virus
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167. In 80%, Adenovirus. In the immunosuppressed, activation can occur
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Bone Fever
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168. Dengue: Group B Togavirus, from the Arbovirus, transmitted by mosquitos
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HbsAg
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169. Appears in blood soon after infection, before onset of acute illness
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HbsAg
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170. Disappears w/in 4-6 months after the start of clinical illness
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HbeAg
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171. Appears early acute phase, indicates higher risk of transmitting the disease
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HbeAg
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172. Disappears before HbsAg is gone
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Anti-Hbc
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173. Present in beginning of clinical illness
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Anti-Hbc
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174. Seen in the “window phase”
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Filamentous Bacteria
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175. Actinomycetes = Nocardia; Actinomyces; Streptomyces
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Listeria contaminates
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176. Milk, cheese, vegetables (coleslaw) in recent infections
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Shiga like Toxin
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177. E. Coli 0157/H7: Hemorrhagic colitis & Hemorrhagic uremic syndrome
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Necrotizing Fasciitis
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178. Group A Streptococci
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Relapsing Fever
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179. Borrelia recurrentis
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Loffler’s Medium
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180. Corneybacterium diphtheriae
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Chlamydiae Developmental Cycle (1)
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181. Elementary Body: infeccious particle that Enters the cell
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Chlamydiae Developmental Cycle (2)
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182. Reticulate Body: made from elementary body. Replicates, differentiates and releases elementary bodies to infect other cells
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Chlamydiae
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183. W/ infection you will see Glycogen containing inclusions
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Chlamydiae
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184. Cell wall lacks muramic acid
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Trench Fever
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185. Rochalimaea quintana
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“Spotted Fever” Members
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186. Rickettssia rickettsii (RMSF) & R. akari (rickettsial pox) in the U.S.
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Other Rickettsia
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187. R. sibirica (tick typhus in China) & R. australis (typhus in Australia)
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Thrush Txt
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188. Nystatin txts candidiasis of the mouth
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Rose Bush Thorns
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189. Have Sporothrix schenckii
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Contact lens solution infection
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190. Acanthamoeba
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Filiariasis Causant
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191. Wucheria bancrofti (infection aka elephantitis & wucheriasis
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Freshwater lake infection
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192. Causes amebic meningoencephalitis due to Naegleria fowleri
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Reduviid bug bite
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193. Transmits Trypanoma cruzi (Chagas’ disease): Romana’s Sign
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Schistosoma Haematobium causes
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194. Bladder calcificaiton & cancer
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Schistosoma Mansoni causes
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195. Presinusoidal HTN, splenomagaly, esophageal varices
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Snail, intermediate host of…
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196. Schistosomiasis
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Ixodes scapularis transmits
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197. Babesia (clinically rembles malaria) & Borelia burgdorferi
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Nantucket Protozoa
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198. Babesia microt
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Infection by Reduviid Bug
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199. Trypansoma cruzi: Chagas’ Disease
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Infection by TseTse Fly
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200.Trypansoma brucei gambiense & rhodiense: African Sleeping Sickness
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Infection by Sandfly
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201. Leishmaniasis: Mucocutaneous Diseases by L. braziliensis & Visceral Disease by L. donovani & Dermal Leishman by L. tropica, mexicana, peruviana
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Infection by Ixodes Tick
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202.Babesia microti: Babesiosis & Borrelia burgdorferi: Lyme Disease
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Infection by Anopheles Mosquito
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203.Malaria
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Trophozoites w/ “Face-Like” Appearance
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204.Giardia lamblia
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Nonseptate Hyphae
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205.Zygomycosis: Rhizopus & Mucor. Only mycosis w/o septate. Infect Ketoacidotic Diabetics.
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Histoplasmosis Geography
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206.Ohio, Mississippi, Misouri River valleys
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Coocidioidomycosis Geography
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207.Southwestern deserts, California
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Blastomycosis Geography
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208.States east of Mississippi River
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Paracoccidioidomycosis Geography
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209.Latin America
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Roseola Infection, aka
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210. Exanthema Subitum: “Sixth Disease” (Human Herpes Virus-6 dsDNA, enveloped)
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Herpangina
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211. “Hand-Foot-and-Mouth” Disease: Coxsackie A (Picornavirus +ssRNA)
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Orthomyxovirus
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212. –ssRNA, enveloped virus.
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Orthomyxovirus
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213. Spike Glycoproteins (peplomeres): HA = Hemagluttinin & NA = Neuraminidase. These peplomeres are what give the virus antigenis variation
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Orthomyxovirus
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214. Influenza A & B
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Paramyxovirus
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215. –RNA, enveloped. Most common cause of respiratory infections in kids
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Paramyxovirus
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216. Mumps 217. Croup(Parainfluenza virus) 218. Rubeola(Measles virus) 219. RSV
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Togavirus
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220.+ssRNA, enveloped
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Togavirus
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221. 3 Day Measles: German Measles: Rubella/ Rubivirus
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Togavirus
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222. Encephalitis viruses: Alphaviruses: Eastern (more severe) and Western Equine Encephalitis
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Flaviviris
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223.Dengue Fever – icterus & hemorrhage w/ blac vomit 224.Yellow fever 225.St. Louis Encephalitis – no hepatitis or hemorrhage
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Bunyavirus
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226.–ssRNA, enveloped
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Bunyavirus
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227.California Encephalitis – severe bifrontal headaches 228.Hantavirus – hemorrhagic fever w/ acute resp. distress syndrome
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IgA Protease Activity
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229.H. Influenzae (needs factors V & X for growth) 230.Strep. Pneumoniae 231. N. meningitidis 232.N. gonnorhoae
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IgA Protease Activity
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233.W/ this activity these bugs are able to colonize the oral mucosa.
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Diphtheria: ABCDEFG
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234.Adenopathy
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Diphtheria: ABCDEFG
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235.b Prophage encodes the exotoxin
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Diphtheria: ABCDEFG
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236.Corneybacteria is Club shaped
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Diphtheria: ABCDEFG
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237.Diphtheria
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Diphtheria: ABCDEFG
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238.Elongation Factor II
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Diphtheria: ABCDEFG
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239.Granules (metachromatic)
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Only ssDNA
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240.Parvovirus: “Part of a virus”
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Only dsRNA
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241. Reovirus, “RepeatOvirus”
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Naked RNA
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242.“Naked for CPR”: Calcivirus; Picornovirus; Reovirus
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2 circular DNAs
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243.Papovavirus & Hepadnavirus
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BK
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244.Papovavirus. Seen in kidney transplant patients (causes renal disease)
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Hepadna, Retrovirus?
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245.No, but has reverse transcriptase
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Picornovirus: “PERCH”
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246.Poiliovirus; Echo; Rhino; Coxsackie; Hep A
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Hemorrhagic Fevers
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221. Filovirus & Bunyavirus (Hantavirus)
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Segmented viruses
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All are RNA: Orthomyxo; Arena; Bunya; Reo
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Eclipse Phase
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No internal virus. 1 total virus per cell
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Latent Phase
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No external virus. Extracellular virus found
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Naked Capsid Virus
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Nucleocapsid. DNA or RNA + Structural proteins
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Enveloped Virus
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Membrane. Nucleocapsid + Glycoprotein
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Interferon
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Non virus specific. Works by RNA endonuclease = digests viral DNA + inh viral prot synth
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AIDS structural prots
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Gag, pol, env
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AIDS regulatory prots
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Tat, rev, nef
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AIDS gp41 env prot
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Transmembrane
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AIDS gp120 env prot
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Surface
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AIDS p17 gag prot
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Matrix
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AIDS p24 gag prot
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Capsid
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AIDS p7p9 gag prot
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Nucleocapsid
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Hepatitis Window Period
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After HbsAg disappears & Before HbsAb appears
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Downey Type II cells
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EBV
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Infection by Aedes Mosquito
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Yellow Fever: Flavivirus: Black vomit, jaundice, high fever
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“Hot T-Bone stEAk”: ILs
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IL1 = Temp: HOT
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IL2 = stimulate T cells
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IL3 = stimulate Bone Marrow stem cells’ growth & differentiation (GM CSF)
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IL4 = stimulate IgE (& IgG)
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IL5 = stimulate IgA (& eosinophils)
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IL2, IL4, IL5, IFN gamma
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ILs Secreted by CD4s
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IL1 & TNF a
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ILs Secreted by Macrophages
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Neutral chemotaxis.
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C5a
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When it is w/ C3a, participates in anaphylaxis
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C5a
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When both Alternative and Classic pathways come together
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C5 Convertase
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Alternative: C3b, Bb, C3b + C3a à C5
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C5 Convertase
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Classic: 2b, 3b, C3a + C4b à C5
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Only Richettssia not Intracellular
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Quintana
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Plasmodium Life Cycle (1)
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Sporozoites: from blood to liver
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Plasmodium Life Cycle (2)
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Primary tissue schizont
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Plasmodium Life Cycle (3)
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Trophozoites: in RBC
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Plasmodium Life Cycle (4)
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Erythrocytic schizont
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Plasmodium Life Cycle (5)
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Merozoite: ruptured RBC
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Plasmodium Life Cycle (6)
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Gametozyte
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Plasmodium Life Cycle (7)
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Zygote: inside the mosquito
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Acanthamoeba
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Star shaped cysts
|
|
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Mucor, Rhizopus, Absidia
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Nonseptate, filamentous, 90 degree branching, indian in, capsular halos
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Cryptococcus Neoformans
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Monomorphic
|
|
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Candida
|
Yeast normally, pseudo & true hyphae in tissue infections
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|
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Aspergillus Fumigatum
|
45 degree branching point, asoc’d w/ cystic fibrosis & burns pt
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Cocciodes
|
Hyphae in wild. Artroconidia. Arthocondida & Hyphae. Sherules w/ endospores
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Histoplasma Cap
|
Hyphae in wild. Microcondida w/ tuberculate macrocondida. Fac intracellular. In the tissue it’s a yeast w/ a small neck.
|
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Blastomycosis
|
Hyphae in wild
|
|
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Sporothrix Schenkii
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Hypahe in wild. Potas iodide in milk. Pneumonia in alcoholics.
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|
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PCP
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Obligate parasite. Kills type I pneumo cells. Ground glass
|
|
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Gram (-) Bugs w/ Exotoxins
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E. Coli; V. Cholera; Bordetella Pertussis
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|
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Dermatophytes
|
Trichophyton: SHN; Microsporium: SH; Epidermophyton: SN; Tinea tavus: permanent hair loss
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Parasite
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Transmission
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Diagnosis
|
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E. Histolitica
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Cysts
|
Trophozoites or cysts in stool
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Giardia
|
Cysts
|
Trophozoites or cysts in stool
|
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Cryptosporidium
|
Cysts
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Acid fast oocysts
|
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Balantium C.
|
Cysts
|
Trophozoites or cysts in stool
|
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Trichomonas V.
|
Trophozoites
|
Motile trophozoites
|
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Malaria
|
Fever
|
Fever Spike
|
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Vivax
|
Benign 3 degrees
|
48h
|
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Ovale
|
Benign 3 degrees
|
48h
|
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Malariae
|
4 degrees of Malarial
|
72hr regular
|
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Falciparum
|
Malignant 3 degrees
|
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