Med Student Amnesia - General

Front 1

Addison’s Disease

Back 1

1.      Primary adrenocortical deficiency

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Addisonian Anemia

Back 2

2.     Pernicious anemia (antibodies to intrinsic factor or parietal cells ® ¯IF ® ¯Vit B12 ® megaloblastic anemia)

Front 3

Albright’s Syndrome

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3.     Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, café au lait spots, short stature, young girls

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Alport’s Syndrome

Back 4

4.     Hereditary nephritis with nerve deafness

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Alzheimer’s

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5.     Progressive dementia

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Argyll-Robertson Pupil

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6.     Loss of light reflex constriction (contralateral or bilateral)

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Argyll-Robertson Pupil

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7.     “Prostitute’s Eye” – accommodates but does not react

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Argyll-Robertson Pupil

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8.     Pathognomonic for 3°Syphilis

Front 9

Argyll-Robertson Pupil

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9.     Lesion pretectal region of superior colliculus

Front 10

Arnold-Chiari Malformation

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10.   Cerebellar tonsil herniation through foramen magnum = see thoracolumbar meningomyelocele

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Barrett’s

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11.    Columnar metaplasia of lower esophagus (­ risk of adenocarcinoma)- constant gastroesophageal reflux

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Bartter’s Syndrome

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12.   Hyperreninemia

Front 13

Becker’s Muscular Dystrophy

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13.   Similar to Duchenne, but less severe (mutation, not a deficiency, in dystrophin protein)

Front 14

Bell’s Palsy

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14.   CNVII palsy (entire face; recall that UMN lesion only affects lower face)

Front 15

Berger’s Disease

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15.   IgA nephropathy causing hematuria in kids, usually following infection

Front 16

Bernard-Soulier Disease

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16.   Defect in platelet adhesion (abnormally large platelets & lack of platelet-surface glycoprotein)

Front 17

Berry Aneurysm

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17.   Circle of Willis (subarachnoid bleed) Anterior Communicating artery

Front 18

Berry Aneurysm

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18.   Often associated with ADPKD

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Bowen’s Disease

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19.   Carcinoma in situ on shaft of penis (­ risk of visceral ca) [compare w/ Queyrat]

Front 20

Brill-Zinsser Disease

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20.   Recurrences of rickettsia prowazaki up to 50 yrs later

Front 21

Briquet’s Syndrome

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21.   Somatization disorder

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Briquet’s Syndrome

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22.   Psychological: multiple physical complaints without physical pathology

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Broca’s Aphasia

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23.   Motor Aphasia (area 44 & 45) intact comprehension

Front 24

Brown-Sequard

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24.   Hemisection of cord (contralateral loss of pain & temp / ipsilateral loss of fine touch, UMN / ipsi loss of consc. Proprio)

Front 25

Bruton’s Disease

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25.   X-linked agammaglobinemia (¯ B cells)

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Budd-Chiari

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26.   Post-hepatic venous thrombosis = ab pain; hepatomegaly; ascites; portal HTN; liver failure

Front 27

Buerger’s Disease

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27.   Acute inflammation of medium and small arteries of extremities ® painful ischemia ® gangrene

Front 28

Buerger’s Disease

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28.   Seen almost exclusively in young and middle-aged men who smoke.

Front 29

Burkitt’s Lymphoma

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29.   Small noncleaved cell lymphoma EBV

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Burkitt’s Lymphoma

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30.   8:14 translocation

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Burkitt’s Lymphoma

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31.   Seen commonly in jaws, abdomen, retroperitoneal soft tissues

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Burkitt’s Lymphoma

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32.   Starry sky appearance

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Caisson Disease

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33.   Nitric gas emboli

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Chagas’ Disease

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34.   Trypansoma infection - cardiomegaly with apical atrophy, achlasia

Front 35

Chediak-Higashi Disease

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35.   (AR) Phagocyte Deficiency = defect in microtubule polymerization

Front 36

Chediak-Higashi Disease

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36.   Neutropenia, albinism, cranial & peripheral neuropathy & repeated infections w/ strep & staph

Front 37

Conn’s Syndrome

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37.   Primary Aldosteronism: HTN; retain Na+ & H2O; hypokalemia (causing alkalosis); ¯ renin

Front 38

Cori’s Disease

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38.   Type III Glycogenosis – Glycogen storage disease (debranching enz: amylo 1,6 glucosidase def. ­ Glycogen)

Front 39

Creutzfeldt-Jakob

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39.   Prion infection ® cerebellar & cerebral degeneration

Front 40

Crigler-Najjar Syndrome

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40.   Congenital hyperbilirubinemia (unconjugated)

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Crigler-Najjar Syndrome

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41.   Glucuronyl transferase deficiency. Can progress to Kernicterus

Front 42

Crigler-Najjar Syndrome

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42.   Less severe form will respond to Phenobarbital therapy

Front 43

Crohn’s

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43.   IBD; ileocecum, transmural, skip lesions, cobblestones, lymphocytic infiltrate, granulomas

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Crohn’s

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44.    (contrast to UC: limited to colon, mucosa & submucosa, crypt abscesses, pseudopolyps, ­ colon cancer risk)

Front 45

Crohn’s

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45.    Clinically: ab pain & diarrhea; fever; malabsorption; fistulae b/t intestinal loops & abd structures

Front 46

Curling’s Ulcer

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46.   Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

Front 47

Cushing’s Disease:

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47.  Hypercorticism 2° to ­ ACTH from pituitary (basophilic adenoma)

Front 48

Cushing’s Syndrome:

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48.   hypercorticism of all other causes (1° adrenal or ectopic)

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Cushing’s

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49.   - moon face; buffalo hump; purple striae; hirsutism; HTN; hyperglycemia

Front 50

Cushing’s Ulcer

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50.   Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS trauma

Front 51

de Quervain’s Thyroiditis

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51.   Self-limiting focal destruction (subacute thyroiditis)

Front 52

DiGeorge’s Syndrome

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52.   Failure of 3rd & 4th pharyngeal pouches formation: Thymus & Parathyroid

Front 53

DiGeorge’s Syndrome

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53.   Thymic hypoplasia ® T-cell deficiency

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DiGeorge’s Syndrome

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54.   Hypoparathyroidism à Tetany

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Down’s Syndrome

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55.   Trisomy 21 or translocation – Simian Crease

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Dressler’s Syndrome

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56.   Post-MI Fibrinous Pericarditis autoimmune

Front 57

Dubin-Johnson Syndrome

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57.   Congenital hyperbilirubinemia (conjugated) = bilirubin transposrt is defective not conjugation

Front 58

Dubin-Johnson Syndrome

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58.   Striking brown-to-black discoloration of the liver

Front 59

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

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59.   Deficiency of dystrophin protein ® MD X-linked recessive

Front 60

Edwards’ Syndrome

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60.   Trisomy 18

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Edwards’ Syndrome

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61.   Rocker-bottom feet, low ears, small lower jaw, heart disease

Front 62

Ehler’s-Danlos

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62.   Defective collagen

Front 63

Eisenmenger’s Complex

Back 63

63.   Late cyanotic shunt (R®L) pulmonary HTN & RVH 2° to long-standing VSD, ASD, or PDA

Front 64

Erb-Duchenne Palsy

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64.   Trauma to superior trunk of brachial plexus Waiter’s Tip

Front 65

Ewing Sarcoma

Back 65

65.   Malignant undifferentiated round cell tumor of bone in boys <15yoa - t11;22

Front 66

Eyrthroplasia of Queyrat

Back 66

66.   Carcinoma in situ on glans penis

Front 67

Fanconi’s Syndrome

Back 67

67.   Impaired proximal tubular reabsorption 2° to lead poisoning or Tetracycline (glycosuria, hyperphosphaturia, aminoaciduria, systemic acidosis)

Front 68

Felty’s Syndrome

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68.   Rheumatoid arthritis, neutropenia, splenomegaly

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Gardner’s Syndrome

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69.   AD = adenomatous polyps of colon, osteomas & soft tissue tumors

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Gaucher’s Disease

Back 70

70.   Lysosomal Storage Disease glucocerebrosidase deficiency – glucocerebroside accumulation

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Gaucher’s Disease

Back 71

71.   Hepatosplenomegaly, femoral head & long bone erosion, anemia

Front 72

Gilbert’s Syndrome

Back 72

72.   Benign congenital hyperbilirubinemia (unconjugated) = ¯d glucuronyl transferase activity

Front 73

Glanzmann’s Thrombasthenia

Back 73

73.   Defective glycoproteins on platelets = deficient platelet aggregation

Front 74

Goodpasture’s

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74.   Autoimmune: ab’s to glomerular & alveolar basement membranes. Seen in men in their 20’s

Front 75

Grave’s Disease

Back 75

75.   Autoimmune hyperthyroidism (TSI): IgG Ab reactive w/ TSH receptors. Low TSH & TRH – High T3 / T4

Front 76

Guillain-Barre

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76.   Polyneuritis following viral infection/ autoimmune (ascending muscle weakness & paralysis; usually self-limiting)

Front 77

Hamman-Rich Syndrome

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77.   Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Can see honey comb lung.

Front 78

Hand-Schuller-Christian

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78.   Chronic progressive histiocytosis

Front 79

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

Back 79

79.   Autoimmune hypothyroidism. May have transient hyperthyroidism. Low T3 /T4 & High TSH

Front 80

Hashitoxicosis

Back 80

80.   Initial hyperthyroidism in Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis that precedes hypothyroidism

Front 81

Henoch-Schonlein purpura

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81.   Hypersensivity vasculitis = allergic purpura. Lesions have the same age.

Front 82

Henoch-Schonlein purpura

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82.   Hemmorhagic urticaria (with fever, arthralgias, GI & renal involvement)

Front 83

Henoch-Schonlein purpura

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83.   Associated with upper respiratory infections

Front 84

Hirschprung’s Disease

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84.   Aganglionic megacolon

Front 85

Horner’s Syndrome

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85.   Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis (lesion of cervical sympathetic nerves often 2° to a Pancoast tumor)

Front 86

Huntington’s (Chromosome 4)

Back 86

86.   AD: Progressive degeneration of caudate nucleus, putamen (striatum) & frontal cortex ¯ GABA

Front 87

Jacksonian Seizures

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87.   Epileptic events originating in the primary motor cortex (area 4)

Front 88

Job’s Syndrome

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1.      Immune deficiency: neutrophils fail to respond to chemotactic stimuli

Front 89

Job’s Syndrome

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2.     Defective neutrophilic chemotactic response = repeated infections

Front 90

Job’s Syndrome

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3.     Commonly seen in light-skinned, red-haired girls

Front 91

Job’s Syndrome

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88.   ­’d IgE levels

Front 92

Kaposi Sarcoma

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89.   Malignant vascular tumor (HHV8 in homosexual men)

Front 93

Kartagener’s Syndrome

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90.   Immotile cilia 2° to defective dynein arms infection, situs inversus, sterility

Front 94

Kawasaki Disease

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91.   Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome in kids (acute necrotizing vasculitis of lips, oral mucosa)

Front 95

Klinefelter’s Syndrome

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92.   47, XXY: Long arms, Sterile, Hypogonadism

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Kluver-Bucy

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93.   Bilateral lesions of amygdala (hypersexuality; oral behavior)

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Krukenberg Tumor

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94.   Adenocarcinoma with signet-ring cells (typically originating from the stomach) metastases to

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Krukenberg Tumor

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95.   the ovaries

Front 99

Laennec’s Cirrhosis

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96.   Alcoholic cirrhosis

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Lesch-Nyhan

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97.   HGPRT deficiency

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Lesch-Nyhan

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98.   Gout, retardation, self-mutilation

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Letterer-Siwe

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99.   Acute disseminated Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis

Front 103

Libman-Sacks

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100. Endocarditis with small vegetations on valve leaflets

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Libman-Sacks

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101.  Associated with SLE

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Lou Gehrig’s

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102. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis degeneration of upper & lower motor neurons

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Mallory-Weis Syndrome

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103. Bleeding from esophagogastric lacerations 2° to wretching (alcoholics)

Front 107

Marfan’s

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104. Connective tissue defect: defective Fibrillin gene Dissecting aortic aneurysm, subluxation of lenses

Front 108

McArdle’s Disease

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105. Type V Glycogenosis - Glycogen storage disease (muscle phosphorylase deficiency = ­ Glycogen)

Front 109

Meckel’s Diverticulum

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106. Rule of 2’s: 2 inches long, 2 feet from the ileocecum, in 2% of the population

Front 110

Meckel’s Diverticulum

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107. Embryonic duct origin; may have ectopic tissue: gastric/pancreatic remnant of vitteline duct/yolk stalk

Front 111

Meig’s Syndrome

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108. Triad: ovarian fibroma, ascites, hydrothorax – associated w/ fibroma of ovaries

Front 112

Menetrier’s Disease

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109. Giant hypertrophic gastritis (enlarged rugae; plasma protein loss)

Front 113

Monckeberg’s Arteriosclerosis

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110.  Calcification of the media (usually radial & ulnar aa.)

Front 114

Munchausen Syndrome

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111.  Factitious disorder (consciously creates symptoms, but doesn’t know why)

Front 115

Nelson’s Syndrome

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112.  1° Adrenal Cushings ® surgical removal of adrenals ® loss of negative feedback to pituitary ® Pituitary Adenoma

Front 116

Niemann-Pick

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113.  Lysosomal Storage Disease (sphingomyelinase deficiency – sphingomyelin accumulation)

Front 117

Niemann-Pick

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114.  “Foamy histiocytes”

Front 118

Osler-Weber-Rendu Syndrome

Back 118

115.  Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia. Seen in the Mormon’s of Utah.

Front 119

Paget’s Disease

Back 119

116.  Abnormal bone architecture (thickened, numerous fractures ® pain)

Front 120

Pancoast Tumor

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117.  Bronchogenic tumor with superior sulcus involvement ® Horner’s Syndrome

Front 121

Parkinson’s

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118.  Dopamine depletion in nigrostriatal tracts

Front 122

Peutz-Jegher’s Syndrome (AD)

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119.  Melanin pigmentation of lips, mouth, hand, genitalia + hamartomatous polyps of small intestine

Front 123

Peyronie’s Disease

Back 123

120. Subcutaneous fibrosis of dorsum of penis

Front 124

Pick’s Disease – 2 Different Diseases - a

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121. a. Progressive dementia similar to Alzheimer’s

Front 125

Pick’s Disease – 2 Different Diseases - b

Back 125

122. b. Constrictive pericarditis – sequel to mediastinal tuberculosis

Front 126

Pick’s Disease – 2 Different Diseases -

Back 126

123. Calcium-frosting, unyielding layer – heart chambers may be unable to dilate to receive blood during diastole

Front 127

Plummer’s Syndrome

Back 127

124. Hyperthyroidism, nodular goiter, absence of eye signs (Plummer’s = Grave’s - eye signs)

Front 128

Plummer-Vinson

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125. Esophageal webs & iron-deficiency anemia, spoon-shaped nails, ­ SCCA of esophagus

Front 129

Pompe’s Disease

Back 129

126. Type II Glycogenosis – Glycogen storage disease ® cardiomegaly (a 1,4 Glucosidase deficiency: ­ Glycogen)

Front 130

Pott’s Disease

Back 130

127. Tuberculous osteomyelitis of the vertebrae

Front 131

Potter’s Complex

Back 131

128. Renal agenesis ® oligohydramnios ® hypoplastic lungs, defects in extremities

Front 132

Raynaud’s Disease:

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129. recurrent vasospasm in extremities = seen in young, healthy women

Front 133

Raynaud’s Phenomenon:

Back 133

130. 2° to underlying disease (SLE or scleroderma)

Front 134

Reiter’s Syndrome

Back 134

131.  Urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis non-infectious (but often follows infections), HLA-B27, polyarticular

Front 135

Reye’s Syndrome

Back 135

132. Microvesicular fatty liver change & encephalopathy

Front 136

Reye’s Syndrome

Back 136

133. 2° to aspirin ingestion in children following viral illness, especially VZV

Front 137

Riedel’s Thyroiditis

Back 137

134. Idiopathic fibrous replacement of thyroid

Front 138

Rotor Syndrome

Back 138

135. Congenital hyperbilirubinemia (conjugated)

Front 139

Rotor Syndrome

Back 139

136. Similar to Dubin-Johnson, but no discoloration of the liver

Front 140

Sezary Syndrome

Back 140

137. Leukemic form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides)

Front 141

Shaver’s Disease

Back 141

138. Aluminum inhalation ® lung fibrosis

Front 142

Sheehan’s Syndrome

Back 142

139. Postpartum pituitary necrosis = hemorrhage & shock usually occurred during delivery

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Shy-Drager

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140. Parkinsonism with autonomic dysfunction & orthostatic hypotension

Front 144

Simmond’s Disease

Back 144

141.  Pituitary cachexia – can occur from either pituitary tumors or Sheehan’s

Front 145

Sipple’s Syndrome

Back 145

142. MEN type IIa = pheochromocytoma, thyroid medullary CA, hyperparathyroidism

Front 146

Sjogren’s Syndrome

Back 146

143. Triad: dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis ­ risk of B-cell lymphoma

Front 147

Spitz Nevus

Back 147

144. Juvenile melanoma (always benign)

Front 148

Stein-Leventhal

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145. Polycystic ovary: see amenorrhea; infertility; obesity; hirsutism = ­­LH secretion

Front 149

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

Back 149

146. Erythema multiforme, fever, malaise, mucosal ulceration (often 2° to infection = mycoplasma or sulfa drugs)

Front 150

Still’s Disease

Back 150

147. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (absence of rheumatoid factor)

Front 151

Takayasu’s arteritis

Back 151

148. Aortic arch syndrome

Front 152

Takayasu’s arteritis

Back 152

149. Loss of carotid, radial or ulnar pulses = pulseless disease. Night sweats.

Front 153

Takayasu’s arteritis

Back 153

150. Common in young Asian females

Front 154

Tay-Sachs (AR)

Back 154

151.  Gangliosidosis (hexosaminidase A deficiency ® GM2 ganglioside) Cherry Red Spots of the Macula

Front 155

Tetralogy of Fallot

Back 155

152. 1.VSD, 2.overriding aorta, 3.pulmonary artery stenosis, 4.right ventricular hypertrophy

Front 156

Tourette’s Syndrome

Back 156

153. Involuntary actions, both motor and vocal Txt w/ Pimozide

Front 157

Turcot’s Syndrome

Back 157

154. Colon adenomatous polyps plus CNS tumors

Front 158

Turner’s Syndrome

Back 158

155. 45, XO = most common cause of Primary Amenorrhea. No Barr body on buccal smear.

Front 159

Vincent’s Infection

Back 159

156. “Trench mouth” – acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis due to Fusobacterium

Front 160

Von Gierke’s Disease

Back 160

157. Type I Glycogenosis – Glycogen storage disease (G6Ptase deficiency) – Glycogen accumulaiton

Front 161

Von Hippel-Lindau

Back 161

158. Hemangioma (or hemangioblastoma) = cerebellum, brain stem, & retina

Front 162

Von Hippel-Lindau

Back 162

159. Adenomas of the viscera, especially ­ Renal Cell Carcinoma

Front 163

Von Hippel-Lindau

Back 163

160. Chromosome 3p

Front 164

Von Recklinghausen’s

Back 164

161.  Neurofibromatosis & café au lait spots & Lisch nodules (Chromosome 17)

Front 165

Von Recklinghausen’s Disease of Bone

Back 165

162. Osteitis fibrosa cystica (“brown tumor”) 2° to hyperparathyroidism = osteoclastic resorption w/

Front 166

Von Recklinghausen’s Disease of Bone

Back 166

163. fibrous replacement

Front 167

Von Willebrand’s Disease (AD)

Back 167

164. Defect in platelet adhesion 2° to deficiency in vWF. ­aPPT, ­ Bleed time

Front 168

Waldenstrom’s macroglobinemia

Back 168

165. Proliferation of IgM-producing lymphoid cells in men 50-70 yoa; PAS(+) Dutcher bodies

Front 169

Wallenberg’s Syndrome

Back 169

166. Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA) thrombosis “Medullary Syndrome”

Front 170

Wallenberg’s Syndrome

Back 170

167. Ipsilateral: ataxia, facial pain & temp; Contralateral: body pain & temp

Front 171

Waterhouse-Friderichsen

Back 171

168. Adrenal insufficiency 2° to DIC

Front 172

Waterhouse-Friderichsen

Back 172

169. DIC 2° to meningiococcemia

Front 173

Weber’s Syndrome

Back 173

170. Paramedian Infarct of Midbrain

Front 174

Weber’s Syndrome

Back 174

171.  Ipsilateral: mydriasis; Contralateral: UMN paralysis (lower face & body)

Front 175

Wegener’s Granulomatosis

Back 175

172. Necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis of paranasal sinuses, lungs, kidneys, etc.

Front 176

Weil’s Disease

Back 176

173. Icteric Leptospirosis non-icteric prgresses to renal failure & myocarditis

Front 177

Weil’s Disease

Back 177

174. Dark field microscopy for dx

Front 178

Wermer’s Syndrome

Back 178

175. MEN type I = thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal cortex, pancreatic islets, pituitary

Front 179

Wernicke’s Aphasia

Back 179

176. Sensory Aphasia impaired comprehension

Front 180

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

Back 180

177. Thiamine deficiency in alcoholics; bilateral mamillary bodies (mediodorsal nucleua) (confusion, ataxia, ophthalmoplegia)

Front 181

Whipple’s Disease

Back 181

178. Malabsorption syndrome (with bacteria-laden macrophages) & polyarthritis

Front 182

Wilson’s Disease

Back 182

179. Hepatolenticular degeneration (copper accumulation [Txt w/ Penicillamine ] & decrease in ceruloplasmin)

Front 183

Wilson’s Disease

Back 183

180. Mallory Bodies in the Liver & also w/ alcoholic hepatitis & Hyaline change

Front 184

Wilson’s Disease

Back 184

181.  Chromosome 13

Front 185

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome

Back 185

182. Immunodeficiency: combined B- &T-cell deficiency (thrombocytopenia & eczema)

Front 186

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome

Back 186

183. ¯ IgM w/ ­ IgA

Front 187

Wolff-Chaikoff Effect

Back 187

184. High iodine level (-)’s thyroid hormone synthesis

Front 188

Zenker’s Diverticulum

Back 188

185. Esophageal; cricopharyngeal muscles above UES

Front 189

Zollinger-Ellison

Back 189

186. Gastrin-secreting tumor of pancreas (or intestine) ® ­ acid ® recurrent ulcers

Front 190

Roger’s Disease

Back 190

187. Interventricular septal defect

Front 191

Barlow’s Syndrome

Back 191

188. Floppy vale syndrome – women b/t 20-40 yoa

Front 192

Bracht-Wachter Lesions

Back 192

189. Minute abscesses found in subacute bacterial endocarditis

Front 193

Lutembacher’s Syndrome

Back 193

190. Combination of septum secundum atrial septal defect w/ mitral stenosis

Front 194

Schmidt’s Syndrome

Back 194

191.  Autoimmnue thyroid Disease (Hashimoto’s ) & insulin-dependent diabetes