Med Sci 2 Exam 1

Front 1

Occult Bacteremia

Back 1

-MC bacteria: Pneumococcus
-Bacteria in bloodstream
-Elevated WBC count
-Diagnosis: blood culture of child
-Treatment: Oral or IV antibiotics
-Prevention: Pneumococcal Vaccine

Front 2

Bacterial Meningitis

Back 2

-Bacteria in brain or spinal fluid
-Dangerous
-MC: gram negative (E.Coli, Group B strep, Listeria)
-Older children - Pneumococcus, Meningococcus
-Diagnosis: Spinal fluid by lumbar puncture

Front 3

Retropharyngeal Abcess

Back 3

-MC: Group A Strep
-Uncommon but not rare
-Tonsils infected but abcess behind tonsils
-Must drain abcess and take antibiotics
-May infect entire ring of lymphatic tissue that surrounds pharynx causing airway obstruction

Front 4

Epiglottis

Back 4

-Rare b/c HIB vaccine lowered incidence
-Tissue at base of tongue is infected with H.Flu
-Epiglottis gets inflamed and swollen which may cause laryngospasm

Front 5

Pertussis

Back 5

-Also called whooping cough
-MC <5 yo
-Cough lasts for a months even after infection
-Vaccine decreased incidence
-If didn't have pertussis vaccine should take Dtap next time for tetanus shot

Front 6

Rheumatic Fever

Back 6

-Rare but was common 20 years ago
-MC Group A Strep
-Antibodies to this strep cause inflammation to heart and heart valve
-Can cause cardiomyopathy and damage to heart valves
-Antibiotics to treat sore throats reduced incidence

Front 7

Urinary Tract Infection

Back 7

-Bacteria from rectum
-Enters the urethra and goes to bladder and may go to kidney which causes big problems
-Not common in children usually due to structural problems in urinary tract
-MC problem is Ureteral Reflex from bladder

Front 8

Staph Infections

Back 8

-Gram Positive that grow in clusters
-Cause blisters and abccesses
-MC pattern is Impetigo (crusted, blistered areas that are easily spread) that grows in colonies around nose
-Strep Impetigo associated with autoimmune disease called Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis

Front 9

Chickenpox

Back 9

Lecture 5

Front 10

Fifth Virus

Back 10

-MC Parvovirus B-19
-MC in spring and transmitted by respiratory droplets
-Mild illness and rash (looks like slap on cheeks)
-If pregnant women is infected it can cross the placenta and cause miscarriage, stillbirth, anemia

Front 11

Measles

Back 11

-Serious but rare due to immunization programs
-Highly contagious transmitted by respiratory droplets
-Cause rash, fever, conjunctivitis, pneumonia, encephalitis

Front 12

Mumps

Back 12

-Rare but used to be endemic
-Infect grandular tissues (parotid salivary glands, pancreas)
-Can infect testicles causing Orchitis (cause sterility)

Front 13

Polio

Back 13

-Rare due to immunization programs
-Last wild case in US in 1979
-Causes paralysis destroying motor neurons in spinal cord
-Used live virus but now use killed cause its safer

Front 14

Upper Respiratory Infection

Back 14

-Common cold
-MC rhinovirus
-Transmitted by respiratory droplets
-Children get avg 6 a year
-May increase chance of bronchitis, sinusitis, otitis

Front 15

Croup

Back 15

-Clinical syndrome. Tissue below vocal cords is swollen
-Causes cough and respiratory stridor
-MC virus: Respiratory syntical virus and parainfluenza virus
-Different from epiglottis (more serious)
-Treat with warm humidified air or cold dry air

Front 16

Roseola Infantum

Back 16

-MC virus Herpes Class 6
-High fever spike and rash
-Fever spike cause febrile seizure

Front 17

Rubella

Back 17

-German Measles
-Rare due to immunization
-Minor symptoms and rash
-Posterior cervical adenopathy
-In first trimester can form malformation and fetal infection

Front 18

Dysmenorrhea

Back 18

-Painful menstrual cramping
-Common for younger women
-Primary Dysmenorrhea - no anatomical problem
-Anatomic problems (Endometriosis, tubal pregnancy, ruptured ovarian cyst) can cause similar symptoms
-Primary dysmenorrhea begin at onset of period and last for 48 hours
-If no anatomical problem then can give NSAIDs
-Oral contraceptives to reduce symptoms

Front 19

Amenorrhea

Back 19

-No period
-