Med Micro Lab Quiz 2

Front 1

Gram + cooci (types of staph)

Back 1

staphylococcus Epidermis, staph saprophyticus, and staph aureus

Front 2

Catalase Test

Back 2

this is the difference between staph and step, its an enzyme that takes peroxide and converts it to oxygen and water

Front 3

2H202---->

Back 3

2H20+O2

Front 4

what happens when you put peroxide on a cut?

Back 4

the oxygen kills the peroxide (fizzing) instead of peroxide killing the bacteria

Front 5

where does peroxide work best?

Back 5

in the mouth, since most bacteria in the mouth is strep, or on a wound where someone bit you.

Front 6

Staph Epidermis

Back 6

protective for the skin, but if it gets inside, it becomes infectious

Front 7

Staph saprophyticus

Back 7

causes urniary tract infections in women ages 16 to 25

Front 8

Staph Aureus

Back 8

-pathogenic organism
-carried in nasal passaeges
-50% of all strains are resistant to the vaccine (MRSA)

Front 9

Toxins of gram + cocci, or staph:

Back 9

-coagulase
-hemolysin
-leukocidin
-hyaluronidase

Front 10

coagulase:

Back 10

enzyme that takes the blood plasma and clots it. it's a barrier/wall to prevent phagocytosis

Front 11

hemolysin

Back 11

destroys RBC

Front 12

leukocin

Back 12

destroys WBC

Front 13

hyaluronidase

Back 13

destroy tissues

Front 14

Mannitol Salt Agar

Back 14

tests for staph aureus

Front 15

2 parts to mannitol salt agar:

Back 15

selective medium and differential medium

Front 16

selective medium:

Back 16

contians ingredients that will inhibit growth of certain things
ex:"garggling" with salt water is good

Front 17

differential medium:

Back 17

allows you to differentiate something, keeps things from growing but allows you to see something

Front 18

Mannitol

Back 18

this is the differential ingredient, not all can digest it, but if it can, plate will turn yellow

Front 19

what does it mean if the plate with mannitol turns yellow?

Back 19

+ ofr staph aureus

Front 20

Novobiocin Test

Back 20

antibiotic, staph epi is sensitive = larger zone of inhibition. staph can be resistant though too

Front 21

Advantages to Nonculture Techniques:

Back 21

-don't have to culture/plant
-less time
-just as accurate
-can detect fastidious organisms

Front 22

What does "Fastidious organisms" mean?

Back 22

means an organism that is picky and hard to grow, might have to use extra nutrients

Front 23

types of nonculture techniques:

Back 23

-Immunoassays
-Nucleic Acid Testing

Front 24

Immunoassays:

Back 24

detect antigens

Front 25

Nucleic Acid Testing:

Back 25

DNA or RNA

Front 26

antigen:

Back 26

found in and on cells, entrance into an animal will cause production of specific antibodies

Front 27

antibody:

Back 27

proteins produced to destroy an antigen

Front 28

name antigens:

Back 28

-Somatic antigen: cell wall
-Flagellar antigen
-Capsular antigen

Front 29

What do all types of reactions have?

Back 29

a "marker" tagged to an antibody

Front 30

Types of Immunoassays:

Back 30

-Immunofluoresence
-Latex Agglutination
-EIA

Front 31

Immunofluorescence (type of immunoassay):

Back 31

quick & easy, but expensive

Front 32

Latex Agglutination (type of immunoassay):

Back 32

quick and easy, coats antibody with latex paint, which makes it bigger

Front 33

EIA (type of immunoassay)

Back 33

enzyme immunoassay

Front 34

Staph aureus contains:

Back 34

protein A (coagulase)

Front 35

MRSA

Back 35

mecA gene produces: PBP2a

Front 36

enzyme + substrate =

Back 36

color

Front 37

Nucleic Acid Procedures:

Back 37

Ampllify DNA: polymerase chain reaction
(Adenin and Thymine)
(Guanine and Cytosine)

Front 38

Ingredients in Polymerase chain reaction:

Back 38

-DNA (template)
-Primers
-Taq Polymerase: from the bacterium Thermus Aquaticus
-Seperate Bases

Front 39

which bacterium does Taq Polymerase come from?

Back 39

Thermus Aquaticus

Front 40

Steps of PCR:

Back 40

1) Separation of double strand
2) Primers attach
3) Extension (creation of anew complimentary strand

Front 41

brown to blue means.. ?

Back 41

coolest to hottest

Front 42

Probe Assay:

Back 42

use known DNA sequence with a marker ...
-radioactive
-fluorescent
-enzyme (mostly the one used); if theres color, they are infected

Front 43

Why would you need a Probe assay?

Back 43

for fastidious organisms

Front 44

Steps for DNA extraction procedure:

Back 44

1) Put 200ul Instagene matrix in a microtube
2) Scrape your cheek with a pipet tip
3) attach tip to the pipet and mix with the Instagene matrix
4) heat in 56 degree water for 7 minutes; mix periodically (this releases DNA and kills DNase
5) boil for 5 minutes
6) centrifuge so beads are at the bottom of the tube

Front 45

DNase:

Back 45

enzymes that cut DNA into pieces, the beads at the bottom will stop DNase from working

Front 46

BAP

Back 46

Blood Agar Plate, helps the Streptococci to grow

Front 47

What does BAP contain?

Back 47

enrichment agar and differential agar (the blood cells)

Front 48

Hemolysis:

Back 48

when it reacts with the blood cells

Front 49

3 types of hemolysis:

Back 49

-Gamma:no hemolysis
-Alpha: only partially break down the blood cells; turns the red agar color into green
-Beta:blood cells are totally destroyed

Front 50

what causes strep throat?

Back 50

strep pyogenes

Front 51

GAS

Back 51

"Group A strep" becuase it has an "a" antigen on cell wall

Front 52

Pyogenic:

Back 52

pus producing "white coating on throat"

Front 53

necrotizing fascilitis:

Back 53

flesh eating bacteria, must amputate

Front 54

Bacitracin + test:

Back 54

an antibiotic, you will get a zone of inhibition/area of no growth

Front 55

GBS:

Back 55

Group B strep... must do EIA test to look for "B" antigen
-some women carry this in their vaginal tract, causes baby to get meningitis or pneumonia through birth canal
-also causes UTI's in men

Front 56

Strep Pneumoniae

Back 56

-diplococci
-a throat culture is not used to check for pneumoniae, must get a sputum specimen (spit) from what they are coughing up

Front 57

Optochin Test:

Back 57

a chemical, instead of an antibiotic

Front 58

Quellung:

Back 58

looking for antigen on capsule... Quellung is German for "swelling"

Front 59

Enterococcus:

Back 59

found in intestinal tract

Front 60

VRE:

Back 60

Vancomysin Resistant Enterococcus
-see this in wound infections, or in UTI
-will also grow in presense of bile, where strep will not
-also will grow in salt

Front 61

Bile Esculin (sugar) Agar:

Back 61

if organism can digest the esculin, the agar will turn black.
-also has PYR +

Front 62

Haemophilus:

Back 62

-gram- rod
-really hard to grow!
-must use chocolate agar (looks like chocolate mousse) it is heated blood mixed with agar
-Hib vaccine

Front 63

Bordetella Pertussis

Back 63

-gram - rod, DNA
-the vaccine wears off, very contagious, is it the "whooping cough"
-first phase is like a cold, then the cough that paralyzes the trachea.

-Most fastidious of all!!

Front 64

Bordet gengou agar:

Back 64

grows like shiny metallic beads, takes days to grow... so DNAA testing is just better.