Med Chem Final Drugs

Front 1

Epinephrine
(Primitine, Bronkaid)
HCl (Adrenaline) & Borate(Epinol)

Back 1

-Potent vasopressor
-a&b direct acting agonist
-Tx of bronchospasms, hypersensitivity, prolongs anesthetics, restores heart rhythm

Front 2

Norepinephrine Bitartrate
(Levophed)

Back 2

-a&b direct acting agonist
-Used in tx of shock
-Potent a agonist w/ little action on B2 receptors

Front 3

Polyhydroxyphenyl Compounds

Back 3

-Readily undergo 2 oxidations; 1st to semiquinone(pink); 2nd to quinone(brown)

Front 4

Dipivefrin Hcl
(Propine)

Back 4

-a&b direct acting agonist
-Diester of epinephrine and pivalic acid
-Prodrug
-Pivalic acid esters increase lipophilicity and better penetration of eye
-Tx of glaucoma

Front 5

Dobutamine HCl
(Dobutrex)

Back 5

-Dopamine w/ aromatic substituent but acts at alpha and beta receptors
-Used for cardiac stimulation

Front 6

Phenylephrine HCl
(Neosynephrine)

Back 6

-alpha direct acting agonist
-only has 1 OH group off ring; not at 4-position
-a-agonist activity
-Used as nasal decongestant and mydriatic

Front 7

Metaraminol Bitartrate
(Aramine)

Back 7

-a-direct acting agonist
-only has 1 OH group off ring; not at 4-position
-Used as hypotension agent

Front 8

Methoxamine HCl
(Vasoxyl)

Back 8

-a-direct acting agonist
-2,5 methoxy groups
-Used as hypotension agent

Front 9

Midodrine HCl
(Proamatine)

Back 9

-a-direct acting agonist
-a1-agonist prodrug used for tx off hypotension

Front 10

Imidazolines

Back 10

-a-direct acting agent
-5 membered ring, 2 N's, 1 double bond
-Interact selectively at a-1

Front 11

Xylometazoline (Otrivin)
Oxymetazoline HCl (Afrin)
Naphazoline HCl (Prinvine)
Tetrahydrozoline HCl (Visine)

Back 11

-Imidazolines
-a-direct acting agonists
-OTC nasal and ocular decongestants

Front 12

Clonidine (Catapres)

Back 12

-Guanidine containing imidazoline compound
-Selective for a-2 agonists
-Tx of hypertension

Front 13

Guanabenz Acetate (Wytensin)
Guanfacine HCl (Tenex)

Back 13

-Acyclic form of clonidine
-a-2 agonist
-Tx of hypertension

Front 14

Tizanidine HCl (Zanaflex)

Back 14

-Guanidine containing compound with aminoimidazoline activity like clonidine
-a-2 agonist used in Tx of muscle spasticity

Front 15

Apraclonidine HCl (Iodipine)

Back 15

-a-2 agonist
-More ionized than clonidine because of presence of para amino group
-Tx to reduce intraocular pressure

Front 16

Brimonidine (Alphagan)

Back 16

-selective for a-2 receptors
-Ophthalmic solution applied topically but can have systemic side effects

Front 17

Isoproterenol HCl (Isuprel)
Isoproterenol Sulfate (Medihaler-Iso

Back 17

-Potent B1 and B2 agonist activity
-Large substituent on N --> B2
-Absorbed parenterally or aerosol

Front 18

Bitolerol Mesylate (Tornalate) -->
Colterol

Back 18

-Biltolerol is prodrug of colterol
-B2 agonist
-Ester groups on Bitolerol protect it from COMT

Front 19

a-Ethylnorepinephrine (Bronkephrin)

Back 19

-B1 and B2 agonist
-A agonist activity is decreased because has ethyl instead of methyl at alpha position next to amine
-Bronchodilator

Front 20

Isoetharine HCl (Arm-a-med)

Back 20

-Increased steric bulk
-More B2 activity
-Bronchodilator

Front 21

Albuterol (Proventil)
Albuterol Sulfate (Ventolin)

Back 21

-High B2 selectivity
-3-position -CH3OH group on aromatic ring and t-butyl on N
-Bronchodilator

Front 22

Levalbuterol (Xopenex)

Back 22

-Isolated R-isomer of albuterol
-Therapeutically active agent
-B2 selectivity
-Bronchodilator

Front 23

Pirbuterol Acetate (Maxair)

Back 23

-Similar to albuterol
-Contains Pyridine ring instead of benzene ring
-Metabolized by sulfate conjugation

Front 24

Salmeterol Xinafoate (Serevent)

Back 24

-Highly B2 selective
-Large N substituent with ether and benzene group
-Lipophilic --> enhances penetration of bronchial tissues
-Ether allows O binding outside of receptor site and prolonged duration of action
-Slow onset of action --> used long term
-Tx of bronchospasms

Front 25

Formoterol Fumerate (Foradil)

Back 25

-Long acting B2 agonist
-Used in asthma, COPD
-Especially useful in nocturnal asthma

Front 26

Ritoridine HCl (Yutopar)

Back 26

-Required solo -OH group in 4-position on benzene ring
-Large substituent on Amine
-B2 selectivity
-Inhibits uterine contractions in preterm labor

Front 27

Ephedrine

Back 27

-Mixed/Indirect acting agent
-No catechol groups (COMT can't break it down)
-Polarity decreased
-BBB penetration increased
-a-position CH3 group which inhibits MAO metabolism which increases intraneuronal release of catecholamines

Front 28

Amphetamine

Back 28

-D-isomer more active in CNS
-L-isomer more active in periphery

Front 29

Dextroamphetamine Sulfate (Dexedrine)

Back 29

-D-isomer of amphetamine
-Used in Tx of obesity and narcolepsy

Front 30

Methamphetamine HCl (Desoxyn)

Back 30

-Same structure as amphetamine but addition of CH3 on amine
-Makes it more lipophilic; penetrates CNS

Front 31

Genetic Etiologies of Parkinsons

Back 31

1)a-synuclein
2)Parkin
3)UCHL-1

Front 32

MPTP and MPP

Back 32

-Designer Drug
-MPTP is metabolized to toxic metabolite MPP+

Front 33

Benztropine Mesylate (Cogentin)
Trihexyphenidyl HCl (Artane)
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

Back 33

-Anticholinergics
-Tertiary amino ethers and alcohols with hydroxyl group on a-carbon
-In free base equilibrium so can penetrate CNS

Front 34

Dopaminergic Therapy

Back 34

1)Increase DA biosynthesis in brain
2)DA receptor agonists
3)Increase DA release into synaptic cleft
4)Decrease dopamine reuptake so stays in synapse longer
5)Decrease DA metabolism

Front 35

Levodopa

Back 35

-Precursor of Dopamine
-Crosses BBB via amino acid transporter
-Metabolized into DA when in CNS

Front 36

Carbidopa (Sinemet)

Back 36

-Hydrazine analog of Levodopa
-Binds to pryidoxine binding site of dopa decarboxylase and inhibits it
-Marketed in combo with levodopa

Front 37

Ergot Alkaloids

Back 37

-Has agonist and antagonist actions at: tryptaminergic (serotonergic), dopaminergic, and a-adrenergic receptors

Front 38

Bromocriptine Mesylate (Parlodel)

Back 38

-Full D2 agonist
-Partial D1 agonist
-Similar in structure to apomorphine

Front 39

Apomorphine (Apokyn)

Back 39

-Dopaminergic agonist
-Neuroprotective
-Used in poisonings and overdose
-Can rescue patient from Parkinsons frozen state

Front 40

Cabergoline (Dostinex)

Back 40

-Ergot Alkaloid derivative
-Long acting D2 agonist
-Used to decrease prolactin levels

Front 41

Pramipexol Dihydrochloride (Mirapex)

Back 41

-Non-ergot alkaloid
-D2 agonist
-More potent at D3 receptor
-S-enantiomer more active
-Decreases L-dopa dose by 30%

Front 42

Ropinirole HCL (Requip)

Back 42

-Non-ergot alkaloid
-D2 agonist
-More potent at D3 receptor
-Extensively metabolized by P1A2
-Used to treat restless leg syndrome

Front 43

Rotigotine (Neupro)

Back 43

-Transdermal dopaminergic agonist for Parkinsons
-Higher affinity for D1 receptor
-Thiophene ring that increases lipophilicity which increases transdermal ability

Front 44

Amantadine HCl (Symmetrel)

Back 44

-Increases Dopamine release

Front 45

Selegiline HCl (Eldepryl)

Back 45

-Inhibits reuptake of dopamine in CNS
-Selective and irreversible inhibitor of MAO-B
-Propargyl group (alkyne)
-

Front 46

Rasagiline (Azilect)

Back 46

-MAO-B inhibitor
-Irreversible to propargyl group also
-Inhibits metabolism of dopamine
-Neuroprotective and antiapoptotic
-Slows neuronal deterioration in Parkinsons
-Not metabolized to amphetamine

Front 47

Tolcapone (Tasmar)

Back 47

-COMT Inhibitor
-Selective inhibitor of peripheral COMT
-Can cause serious liver disease

Front 48

Entacapone (Comtan)

Back 48

-Nitrocathecol COMT inhibitor
-Selective inhibitor of peripheral COMT

Front 49

B-Haloethylamines

Back 49

-a-adrenergic antagonists
-Phenoxybenzamine HCl (Dibenzyline)
-Used in pheochromacytoma
-Form aziridine ring (NOT happy)
-Forms covalent bond to a-receptor

Front 50

Imidazoline Antagonists

Back 50

-a-adrenergic antagonists
-No substitution ortho to bridge makes them antagonists
-Phentolamine and Priscoline
-Used to treat hypertension

Front 51

Piperazinyl Quinazolines

Back 51

-a-Adrenergic antagonists
-Used in Tx of hypertension and benign prostatic hypertrophy

Front 52

Prazosin HCl (Minipress)

Back 52

-a-adrenergic antagonist
-Piperazinyl Quinazoline
-Selective a-1 antagonist
-Used in hypertension and prostate hypertrophy

Front 53

Terazosin HCl (Hytrin)

Back 53

-a-adrenergic antagonist
-Piperazinyl Quinazoline
-Contains reduced furan group
-Higher specificity for a1-receptors
-Longer duration of action

Front 54

Doxazosin Mesylate (Cardura)

Back 54

-a-adrenergic antagonist
-Piperazinyl Quinazoline
-Highly selective a1-antagonist
-2 oxygens in furan

Front 55

Alfuzosin HCl (Uroxatral)

Back 55

-a-adrenergic antagonist
-Piperazinyl Quinazoline
-a1-antagonist
-Acyclic

Front 56

Tamulosin HCl (Flomax)

Back 56

-Non-Piperazinyl Quinazoline
-a1-antagonist for benign prostate hypertrophy
-More potent in a1a receptors in nonvascular tissue; dont use to tx hypertension

Front 57

Indole Derivatives

Back 57

-Yohimbine
-a2 and serotonergic antagonist
-Tx of impotence and postural hypotension

Front 58

Propranolol HCl (Inderal)

Back 58

-Non-selective B-blocker antagonist
-Highly lipophilic
-High CNS penetration

Front 59

Nadolol (Corgard)

Back 59

-Non-selective B-blocker antagonist
-More polar than propranolol
-Decreased oral absorption
-Decreased CNS penetration
-Decreased hepatic uptake
-Longer halflife

Front 60

Timolol Maleate Opthalmic Solution

Back 60

-Non-selective B-blocker antagonist
-Lipophilic
-Used for glaucoma

Front 61

Pindolol (Visken)

Back 61

-B-blocker
-Intrinsic activity
-Indole group
-Crosses BBB

Front 62

Labetalol (Normodyne)

Back 62

-Non-selective B blocker
-Differs in SARs
-Antihypertensive agent

Front 63

Metoprolol Tartrate (Lopressor)

Back 63

-B1 Selective antagonist
-Antihypertensive agent

Front 64

Atenolol (Tenormin)

Back 64

-B-antagonist
-Amide in para postion
-Hydrophilic
-Little CNS penetration

Front 65

Esmolol HCl (Brevibloc)

Back 65

-B1-blocker
-Used in atrial flutter, atrial fibrilation and sinus tachycardia

Front 66

Acebutolol HCl (Sectral)

Back 66

-Prodrug
-Converted to Diacetolol
-B1 selective antagonist

Front 67

Carvedilol (Coreg)

Back 67

-b-blocker
-has vasodilator activity

Front 68

Carteolol and Penbutolol Sulfate

Back 68

-Non-selective b-antagonists

Front 69

Levobunolol HCl (Betagan)

Back 69

-Nonselective B-blocker involved in tx of glaucoma

Front 70

Betazolol HCl (Betopic)

Back 70

B1 selective antagonist
-antihypertensive and tx of glaucoma

Front 71

Bisprolol Fumarate (Zebeta)

Back 71

-Highly selective B1 antagonist
-2 oxygens in para position
-Antihypertensive agent

Front 72

Sotalol (Betapace)

Back 72

-B-antagonist
-Has sulfonamine in para postion
-No ether linkage
-Tx of ventricular arrythmias

Front 73

Propafenone HCl (Rythmol)

Back 73

-B blocker
-Blocks sodium channels
-Local anesthetic
-Antiarrythmic agent

Front 74

Nebivolol (Bystolic)

Back 74

-Selective for B1 receptors
-Symmetrical around N

Front 75

MAO-A

Back 75

-In peripheral neurons and CNS
-Metabolizes phenolic rings
-NE, Epi, DA, SE

Front 76

MAO-B

Back 76

-In blood platelets and CNS
-Metabolizes nonphenolic rings and B-phenethylamines
-Xenobiotics