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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the definition of acute renal failure/kidney injury?
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Increase in BUN/creatine of resent, abrupt onset reflecting a sudden loss of net effective clearance capacity of the kidney
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In acute renal failure, by about how much will serum creatinine rise in a day?
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1 mg/dL/day
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What is the formula for clearance?
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Total amount excreted in urine/Serum concentration
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What is a problem with creatine as a measure of acute kidney clearance?
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There's a lag in the creatine increase after kidney damage
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What are some renal causes of acute renal failure/
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Vascular disorders
Glomerulonephritis Interstitial nephritis Tubular necrosis |
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What are some causes of tubular necrosis?
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Ischemia
Toxins Pigments Sepsis |
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What are the main causes of any AKI?
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Post-operative
ICU admissions Acute sepsis Hematologic malignancy OTHER ORGAN FAILURE! |
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What part of the nephron participates in glycolysis? Gluconeogenesis?
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Distal nephron
Proximal tubule |
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What part of the kidney is particularly vulnerable to ischemia?
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Proximal tubule!
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Why isn't the kidney well oxygenated in the parenchyma?
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Erythropoetin production: you need to be able to sense acutely when oxygen is low so you can create more RBCs
Countercurrent flow creates a shunt of oxygen |
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What is the mechanism of aminoglycoside toxicity in the kidney?
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You get all of the drug collecting at the brush border--> ingestion-->concentration in the lysosomes-->toxicity
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What can happen to the kidney if you get overproduction of membrane phospholipids such as arachidonic acid?
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Vasoconstritive molecule formation-->kidney ischemia
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When you get ischemia in the tubules, what happens?
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The apical membrane falls off-->granular tubule casts
You get a discontinous epithelium |
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What type of cellular damage is reversible in the kidneys?
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Tubular epithelial cell damage
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How long does epithelial recovery take in the kidney?
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1-2 weeks
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