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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What do measures of association do?
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provide a mathematical assessment of the relationship between a given exposure (determinant of disease) and the outcome (disease) of interest
used in obsercational and experimental studies -odd ratio -relative risk -attributable risk |
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What does odds measure?
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odds is used to measure exposure to the disease and the non disease
odds = number exposed / number not exposed |
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What is a odds ratio?
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the ratio of the offs of exposure in diseased to the odds of exposure in the non diseased
odds ratio = odds of exposure in the diseased/ odds of exposure in the non diseased |
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What does it mean if odds ratio is equal to 1?
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odds of exposure among cases is equal to that of controls
no association |
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What does it mean if the odds ratio is greater than 1?
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odds of exposure among cases is greater than that of controls
positive association, possible causality |
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What does it mean if the odds ration is less than one?
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odds of exposure among cases is less than that of controls
negative association possible protective |
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When is incidence (risk) used?
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used to compare the amount of disease that occurs in the exposed and unexposed groups
both exposed and unexposed are non diseased at the beginning of the study |
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What is cumulative incidence?
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number of new cases at the end of the study divided by the population at risk at the beginning of the study
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What is incidence density?
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number of new cases at the end of the study divided by animal-time risk
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What is relative risk used to compare?
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used to compare the risk (incidence) of disease that occurs in the exposed and unexposed groups
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