Measurements And Evaluation Exam I

Front 1

Measurement

Back 1

an assessment, or the process of assessment.
-usually involves the analysis of a performance on a test, and the subsequent assignment of a number or letter representing that performance.

Front 2

Test

Back 2

is simply a tool or instrument used in the process of measurement.
-may consist of procedures for data collection, along with the instruments or equipment used in the testing procedure.

Front 3

What instruments are used for measuring human performance?

Back 3

tape measures, weight scales, skinfold calipers, stopwatches, treadmills, and ergometers as well as written tests

Front 4

Written exam

Back 4

-consists of several questions or items that a student must answer or respond to. It is graded by the number of correct answers given by the student (sometimes converted into a percentage).
-This score represents a measurement of the students cognitive knowledge of the material covered on the written exam.

Front 5

Fitness assessment

Back 5

A subject (youth or adult) undergoes a fitness test to assess any of a number of fitness parameters such as strength, flexibility, body composition, or cardiorespiratory fitness.
-may be scored by reading a stopwatch, goniometer, skinfold caliper, or dynamometer. Other types of fitness tests may require counting repetitions or recording the amount of weight on a barbell or resistance on an exercise device.

Front 6

four fitness parameters that might be measured on a fitness assessment:

Back 6

strength, flexibility, body composition, or cardiorespiratory fitness.

Front 7

Evaluation

Back 7

an interpretation of the data or information collected from the measurement process.
-an evaluation involves some type of decision-making, whether resulting in the assignment of a grade, diagnosis of a physical condition, or making a judgment of value, worth, or merit concerning the subjects performance.
-in order for an evaluation to be trustworthy, the testing procedures must be consistent and accurate (reliable) as well as truthful (valid).

Front 8

Testing standards can be classified into what two main categories?

Back 8

-objective, and subjective

Front 9

Objective tests

Back 9

-have a defined, standardized scoring system.
-if two different persons scored the same test or measured the same performance, they should assign the same or very similar scores.
-Ex: timed tests for running, cycling, or swimming events, jumping or throwing tests for height or distance, or any event where points or repetitions are counted.

Front 10

Cognitive tests are objective when:

Back 10

the questions have only one possible correct answer, such as multiple choice or true or false questions

Front 11

Subjective tests

Back 11

-have scoring systems that are less well defined, meaning that there is room for interpretation by the judge or scorer. Two judges may assign different scores to the same performance due to their personal judgment.
-Ex: gymnastics, figure skating, and diving events.
-a written essay is also considered rather subjective due to the degree of variability in scoring that any reader might employ in evaluating the written responses.

Front 12

Evaluations of human performance can be classified into two main categories:

Back 12

-normative and criterion

Front 13

Normative standards

Back 13

-are used to evaluate performances by comparing each score with every other score within an associated group.
-percentile scores are the best example.

Front 14

percentile

Back 14

-represents the percent of the group that scored below a particular score. A raw score converted to the 11th percentile is comparatively poor score because only 11% of the group scored less than that raw score, while 89% of the scores in the group were superior to it. 80th percentile is a relatively good score

Front 15

Normative standards are useful for:

Back 15

comparing individual performances to the performance of the overall group.
-this type of evaluation is advantageous for determining the degree to which a subjects fitness or motor development are similar to other subjects of the same age and gender.

Front 16

Criterion standards

Back 16

they make no comparison of the scores within a group. A criterion standard compares each score to a criterion score. This criterion may define mastery of a task or skill, indicate the level of performance necessary for passing the test, or determine the presence of a physical condition.

Front 17

Criterion standard scoring

Back 17

A raw score that is equal to or better than the criterion score results in a conclusion that the student has mastered the task, passed the test, or has tested positive for the condition in question.
-A raw score that is worse than the criterion score results in a conclusion that the student has not mastered the task, failed the test, or has tested negative for the condition in question

Front 18

Criterion standards are often applied in what?

Back 18

competitive athletics in order to test athletes for illegal steroid or drug use.

Front 19

Due to measurement error inherent in all tests of human performance ____________.

Back 19

no criterion standard is fool-proof

Front 20

4 categories in decisions of criterion-referenced tests:

Back 20

1.) True Negative Result
2.) True Positive Result
3.) False Negative Result
4.) False Positive Result

Front 21

True Negative Result

Back 21

The subject does not meet the criterion standard, and the test result is negative
-Ex: athletes who have not taken illegal steroids or drugs and test negative, or persons without cardiovascular disease symptoms who receive a negative stress test result.

Front 22

True Positive Result

Back 22

The subject meets the criterion standard, and the test result is positive.
-Ex: athletes who have taken illegal steroids or drugs and test positive or persons with cardiovascular disease symptoms who receive a positive stress test result

Front 23

False Negative Result

Back 23

The subject meets the criterion standard, but the test result is mistakenly negative.
-Ex: athletes who have taken illegal steroids or drugs and test negative, or persons with cardiovascular disease symptoms who receive a negative stress test result.

Front 24

False Positive Result

Back 24

The subject does not meet the criterion standard, but the test result is mistakenly positive.
-Ex: athletes who have not taken illegal steroids or drugs and test positive or persons without cardiovascular disease symptoms who receive a positive stress test result.