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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who is Constantine?
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-orgins of Christendom
-Sole Emperor of Rome -Legalized Christianity -Council of Nicea 325 CE |
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Was he genuine or did he cynically use Christians to achieve power?
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-not genuine conversion
-loyal to Sol Invictus -Visions of Roman gods -Late Baptism -Christianity could unify the empire |
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Who is Norman Baynes?
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a person who talks about the conversion of Constantine
-Letters show he favors Christianity -Built structures -Only 10% of the population Christianity -Late Baptism not extraordinary -Legislation Favorable to the church |
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Who brought back persecution?
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Julian the Apostate
-Roman Nobility -Academics -Pagans usually were located outside populated areas |
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What are the motivations for monks?
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-Love for God
-the ideal of a martyr -the appeal of asceticism |
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What is a Cenobites?
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- monks who live a community popular in the west
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What is a Eremite,Hermit, or a Anchorite?
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-monks that live in solitary life
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What are the types of clergy?
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Regular- clergy who live within "regular" or rules(ordained monk)
Secular - priest at church/ hold positions in regular positions |
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What are the vows of community monks?
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Poverty, Chasity, Obedience
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Who is Anthony?
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-eastern monks, typical anchorite monk, located in Egypt
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Who is Simeon Stylites?
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lived on top a pole
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Who is Pachomius?
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- Cenobite Monk
- Living together under a rule -Egypt |
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Who is Basil of Caesars?
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created urban monk communities in the east
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Who is Athanasius?
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rights a bio of Anothny
-influenced th guy of hippo conversion |
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Who is Martin of Tours?
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starts as a monk then becomes a bishop
-was a bishop outside of the Cathedral -has a office outside the Cathedral monastery |
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Who is Benedict of Nursia?
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-wrote the "Rule" in 529
-stable, flexible rule of life for monks |
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Who is John Cassian?
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wrote institution and confessions
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How many councils did they have total?
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21
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What did the council of Nicea decide?
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Jesus Christ is fully divine
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What did the council of Constantinople decide(381)?
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fully Divine, Fully Human
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What did the council of Ephesus 431 decide?
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Fully Divine, Fully Human, One Person
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What did the council of Chalcedon(451) decide?
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Fully Divine, Fully Human, One Person, Two Natures
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What are the two trinitarian Councils?
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Nicea and Constantinople
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What are the two Christological councils?
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Ephesus, Chalcedon
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What is the problem with Council of Nicea?
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God is one, Jesus is God
How are Jesus and God related? |
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What is Modalistic Monarchism ?
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-there is one god that manifests in three forms
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What is Patripassionism?
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the Father died on the cross
-God cannot Die |
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What is Dynamic Monarchism?
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one God rests his spirit on Jesus
-God is unique -God is dynamic |
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What is Arius position?
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God is Unique, and Jesus is Subordinate
-son is co eternal -a perfect creature -his subordinationalism seems better than any kind of modalism -cannot be the of the same essence of the creator -God has static perfection |
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What is Athansius Position?
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Jesus must be fully human and fully divine
Critique of Arius: Jesus is not fully human Jesus is not fully divine -Jesus is a creature and cannot save |
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What is Homoousios?
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-essential that Jesus be of the same substance as the Father
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What are the parties involved?
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Anti-Arianism, Arianism, and Middle Party
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What is the solution and who proposed it?
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Eusebius of Caesarea- stated that God is of the same essence, consubstantial, co-equal, co-eternal, and non-biblical
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What is the position of the middle party?
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homoiousios - like but distinct
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What is the position of the orthodox party?
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homoousios- of the same essence
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What happened with Arianism?
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Council in 359 removed homoousios, Athanasius exiled
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Who are the Cappadocians?
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Basil of Caesarea, Gregory of Nyssa, and Gregory of Nazianzus
They interpreted the Nicea Council as God as one substance and three persons |
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Who are the Pneumatomachians?
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deny the divinity of the Holy Spirit
-is a creature -superior to angels |
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Who is Apollinarius?
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- proposed the idea of Jesus as a tripartite persons
Jesus only divine in mind/spirit -Jesus is not fully human -if Jesus is not fully human than he can save animals but not us -tertium quid- not human or divine |
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What is the outcome of the Council of Constantinople?
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-homoousios- fully divine, fully human
-phnemat, arians, and apoll are condemned |
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What is the council of Ephesus?
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-that if Jesus is one person or not
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What does the Antioch school say?
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emphasize humanity more than divinity of Jesus
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What did the Alexandria school say?
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emphasize divinity is greater than humanity
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What did Nestorius of Constantinople say?
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that human and divine cannot mix
-divine stuff cannot die -has two natures and wills -believed in Christokos |
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What is Christokos?
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Mary cannot bear a divine being only a human
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Who is Cyril?
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-was Alexander School
-was for Theotokos -was excommunicated -called Nestorius the "new Judas" |
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What is Theotokos?
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-thought that Mary bore the divine Jesus
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What is the solution of Ephesus?
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Jesus is one person, fully divine, fully human
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What is Chalcedon about?
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Whether Jesus has one or two natures, and the relation of the natures
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What is Monophysitism(Eutyches)?
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-two natures before the death on the Cross, only one after
-Humanity disappears |
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Who proposed the solution to the Chalcedon council?
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Pope Leo 1 of Tome
-Jesus has two natures and is one person |
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What is Monothelitism?
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-no human will
-one will composed of Logos -similar to Apollinarianism -two natures can be accepted while still one will |
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Who are the Monophysites and where are they located?
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one nature
-Armenians -Copts and Abyssinians -Syrian Jacobites |
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Who are the Nestorians and where are they located?
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believed in two persons
-Edessa -Persia -Missions to India and Asia |
