Mea 200 Final Exam

Front 1

The loss of ice in the arctic is having a dramatic effect on Arctic, North Pacific and North AtlanticEcosystems, what species will likely suffer reduced populations because of this change?

Back 1

Polar bears and seals

Front 2

As oceanic CO2 concentrations increase, what happens to oceanic pH?

Back 2

decreases

Front 3

Eutrophication and cloudy waters in the Pacific Ocean off Japan has increased populations of what?

Back 3

Jellyfish

Front 4

What ecosystem on earth has the highest net primary productivity?

Back 4

Coral Reef

Front 5

Living cells consume energy that results in ________ order in their cells in opposition to thesecond law of thermodynamics?

Back 5

increased

Front 6

SeaWIFS is a satellite that can detect chlorophyll in ocean surface waters, where are the highest valueschlorophyll concentrations found in the ocean?

Back 6

high northern latitudes

Front 7

What is the difference between marine primary production and terrestrial primary production?

Back 7

The average size of primary producers in the ocean are small compared to land primary producers

Front 8

Humans have disturbed the carbon cycle on earth, what active reservoir of carbon on the surfaceof the earth is most affected by the increase of CO2 in the atmosphere?

Back 8

Dissolved bicarbonate inorganic reservoir in the ocean

Front 9

Diversity in the ocean is important for healthy ecosystems, what is true about diversity?

Back 9

Diversity decrease with Ocean Acidification

Front 10

Where is most of the oxygen in our atmosphere produced?

Back 10

Oceanic autotrophic plankton

Front 11

Besides light, what is the limiting factor to Primary Production in the Southern Oceans?

Back 11

Iron

Front 12

Which of the following organisms is not an example of convergent evolution?

Back 12

Squid (Mollusca)

Front 13

What type of the animals do Sperm Whales feed on in the deep ocean?

Back 13

giant squid

Front 14

Why do fish school?

Back 14

predator avoidance

Front 15

What replaces kelp beds along the shores of tropical oceans?

Back 15

mangrove trees

Front 16

Why are Red tides and HABs (Harmful Algae Bloom) dangerous to marine and human communities?

Back 16

nutrient loving dinoflagellates have toxins to prevent and limit fish predation

Front 17

Where is the largest unexploited hydrocarbon reservoir on Earth today?

Back 17

Arctic Ocean Shelves

Front 18

Measuring primary production in ocean waters uses light and dark bottle comparison, what does thelight bottle measure?

Back 18

gross primary production

Front 19

Why have sharks developed specialized pectoral and tail (heterocercal) fins?

Back 19

Gives the fish extra lift while swimming, they have no swim bladder

Front 20

What type of tail do the fastest groups of fish have?

Back 20

lunate

Front 21

What is “bycatch” in commercial fishing?

Back 21

Animals killed while collecting the target species

Front 22

What is the function of the barreleye Fish (Macropinna) translucent head that lives in thedisphotic zone?

Back 22

Detect bioluminescent prey

Front 23

How do tuna regulate their body temperatures?

Back 23

Swim continuously fast to elevate body temp

Front 24

Why does the flying fish “fly” out of the water, especially around large fast moving ships.

Back 24

Avoiding predators by going airborne

Front 25

Why do whales migrate such long distances

Back 25

Predator avoidance for new-born calves

Front 26

One of the largest sharks in the ocean is the whale shark, what does this species eat?

Back 26

plankton

Front 27

What is the deepest diving whale in the oceans today?

Back 27

Sperm whale

Front 28

What is echolocation that is used by marine mammals underwater?

Back 28

Sharp clicks and sounds that bounce off of prey species

Front 29

What group of marine mammals do the Killer Whales belong to?

Back 29

Odontoceti (Cetacea)

Front 30

How do whales and dolphins vocalize underwater?

Back 30

Blowhole, trachea, and nasal passages

Front 31

Of the four groups of sea birds, which group is being affected by the loss of sea ice in the southernhemisphere?

Back 31

penguins

Front 32

What are the most successful of the marine reptiles?

Back 32

Sea turtles

Front 33

What is potentially the most valuable resource in the marine environment is:

Back 33

sand and gravel

Front 34

Why have sea lions and several species of seal populations declined in the North Pacific over the past 40years?

Back 34

whale population decline causes killer whales to hunt smaller prey

Front 35

What is the dominate food source in sandy beach communities?

Back 35

Broken bits of marcro algae (Kelp)

Front 36

What limits coral growth on different parts of healthy reefs?

Back 36

light

Front 37

Where is the largest number and greatest diversity of coral species found?

Back 37

Western Tropical Pacific

Front 38

What was the difference between the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and previous oil spills?

Back 38

A significant amount of oil was released mid-water column that dispersed in the opposite directionfrom the surface slick

Front 39

The Exon Valdez oil spill was made worse by subsequent cleanup efforts in Prince William Sound?

Back 39

True

Front 40

Which fishery is the largest in the world in terms of live catch harvested?

Back 40

Northwest Pacific

Front 41

What nation is the largest harvester of fish, crustaceans and mollusks?

Back 41

China

Front 42

What group of fish has to drink large amounts of water yet produces only a small amount of urine?

Back 42

Cods, hake, haddock

Front 43

Global warming is causing sea levels to rise and ice to melt in the Arctic Ocean at an increasingrate, what will be the largest impact of this on ocean resources?

Back 43

New ship transportation routes through the northwest passage in the CanadianArctic

Front 44

What new source of pollution has increased the size of the “garbage patches” in the PacificOcean?

Back 44

tsunami debris from Japan

Front 45

What one of the following is potentially the most serious consequences of global warming toshelled organism and coral reefs?

Back 45

Ocean Acidification and dissolution of CO2 into the ocean surface waters

Front 46

Melting of which ice cap will produce the largest sea level increase?

Back 46

East Antarctic Ice Sheet

Front 47

Where is the global warming most acute during the present time?

Back 47

High Latitude Northern Hemisphere

Front 48

Where is there a new source of methane and CO2 that is a direct result of global warming?

Back 48

methane clathrates in high Northern latitude tundra areas and on continental shelves

Front 49

Scientist suggest that we need to keep the CO2 increase in the atmosphere below 2X normal levels,what will change irreversibly if CO2 atm goes over 2X normal levels?

Back 49

ocean circulation will stop the global conveyor shallow/deep water turnover circulation

Front 50

How long have Humans affected global climate?

Back 50

6000-8000 years (development of agriculture and domestication of animals)