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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is megaloblastic anemia?
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A macrocytic anemia caused by impaired synchrony of nuclear and cytoplasm maturation
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What is characteristic of neutrophils from megaloblast anemia?
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They are hypersegmented: have >4 lobes
- increased size of nucleus (hyperchromatin) because cell can't divide |
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What is characteristic of RBC's from megaloblastic anemia?
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Don't clump together while developing
- Has a lot of Hg, but still has a large nucleus |
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What are the 2 main causes of megaloblastic anemia?
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1. B12 (Cobalamin) deficiency
2. Folate Deficiency |
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What is the importance of folate and B12?
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- Both are important in the production of nucleotides.
- Thus, we see an effect in nuclear maturation but not cytoplasm |
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What is the source and function of Intrinsic Factor (IF)?
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Source: Parietal cells in stomach
Function: Binds to B12 and promotes absorption in the small intestine |
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What is the source and function of R protein?
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Source: Exocrine glands, phagocytes
Function: "Bad Guy" helps dispose of cobalamin analogs |
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Is decreased intake of B12 a common cause of B12 deficiency?
What is the most comman cause? |
NO
Common Cause: Decreased Absorption |
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What test is performed to determine the cause of a B12 deficiency?
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Schillings Test - Add B12 plus other factors to see what returns to normal
(see notes) |
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What is pernicious anemia?
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Antibodies attack parietal cells that produce IF, thereby causing a B12 deficiency
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What are some signs and symptoms of megaloblastic anemia?
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1. Smooth tongue
2. Sores around mouth 3. Intestinal Loss of Villi |
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What is the most severe symptoms that can be seen in megaloblastic anemia?
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Neurologic abnormalities
- Demylination - Often NOT reversible |
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Should you transfuse with a B12 deficiency?
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NO
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How do you treat a B12 deficiency?
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Treat with B12
- see marrow recovery in 8-12 hours |
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What are the 2 categories of folate deficiency (similar to Iron)?
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Decreased supply (intake)
Increased demand |
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What are the 2 causes of decreased intake of folate?
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1. Poor nutrition
2. Impaired absorption (less common, OPPOSITE of B12) |
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What can be 2 causes of impaired absorption of folate?
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1. Nontropical sprue - autoimmune
2. Tropical Sprue - infection |
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What causes Acute Megaloblastic Anemia?
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Exposure to Nitrous Oxide
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