• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/72

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

72 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

What is the larynx?

a protective sphincter to prevent foreign bodies entering the airway

When is laryngeal elevation crucial?

during swallowing

What separates the nasopharynx from the oropharynx?

soft palate

What is the action of the larynx?

control airflow for speech


raise intra abdominal pressure



Where does the larynx hang?

under the hyoid bone

What are the 3 (4) laryngeal cartilages?

Epiglottic-elastic


thyroid


arytenoid


cricoid

What type of cartilage is mostly present in the larynx?

hyaline cartilage



What is the median cricothyroid ligament?

a midline thickening of the cricovocal membrane

What is the site of emergency access to the airway?

The median cricothyroid ligament

Which cartilage is the only complete ring?

the cricoid



Which other cartilages does the cricoid articulate with?

the thyroid and arytenoid

What is the purpose of the ridge of the cricoid cartilage?

attachment of the oesophagus

What do the inferior horns of the thyroid articulate with?

the cricoid

How many laminae does the thyroid have?

left and right, each with inferior and superior horns

What is the thyroid angle?

90-120

Where do the thyroid laminae fuse?

anteriorly as the laryngeal prominence

Where is the superior notch?

above the laryngeal prominence

Where does the epiglottis attach?

The thyroid cartilage and projects upwards into the pharynx

What happens to the epiglottis during swallowing?

laryngeal elevation pushes the epiglottis downwards and backwards to act like a lid over the laryngeal inlet



What is the arytenoid cartilage?

A pyramidal shaped cartilage with a base that articulates with the sloping shoulders of the cricoid lamina

What is the arytenoid cartilage topped by?

Corniculate and cuneiform cartilages

Where does the vocal ligament/fold attach to in the larynx?

the vocal process on the anterior arytenoid cartilage

What is the extrinsic thyroid membrane?

spans the space from upper edges of thyroid lamina and superior horn to the upper edges of the body and greater horn of the hyoid

What is the purpose of the median and lateral thyrohyoid ligaments?

They thicken the extrinsic thyroid membrane posteriorly and anteriorly

What are the free edges of the membrane referred to as?

ligaments



What is the difference between a ligament and a fold?

the folds are ligaments that are overlain by mucous membranes

What the aryepiglottic ligament?

The free upper edge of the quadrangular membrane

What are the 2 intrinsic membranes/ligaments?

quadrangular and cricovocal

Where does the quadrangular membrane span from?

from arytenoid to thyroid and epiglottis

Where does the cricovocal membrane span from

from cricoid and arytenoid to the thyroid



What does the cricovocal membrane form?

conus elasticus

What is the anterior thickening of the cricovocal membrane?

the median cricothyroid ligament



Where is the site of emergency access of the airway?

The median cricothyroid ligament

What are supportive membranes covered by externally?

muscle



How is the aryepiglottic fold formed?

Over the aryepiglottic ligament at the upper edge of the quadrangular membrane



What is the vestibular fold?

Formed over the vestibular ligament at the lower edge of the quadrangular membrane

What is the vocal fold?

formed over the vocal ligament at the upper edge of the cricothyroid membrane

How many aryepiglottic folds exist?

2, one on each upper edge of the quadrangular membrane

What forms the laryngeal inlet?

the aryepiglottic folds acting as a protective sphincter

How is the inlet closed?

elevation of the larynx

What is another name for vestibular folds?

false vocal folds


they lie at the lower edge of the quadrangular membrane

Where are the vocal folds situated?

they are the upper edge of the cricothyroid membrane on each side



What is the name of the opening between the vocal folds?

rima glottis

Which muscles narrow or widen the rima glottis?

Muscles within or adjacent to the vocal folds

Where is the ventricle of the larynx and what does it lead to?

Between the vestibular and vocal folds


it leads to the saccule

What is the purpose of the laryngeal saccules?

they are covered in mucous secreting cells to lubricate the vocal folds

Which muscles open and close the inlet?

aryepiglottic folds

Which muscles open and close the rima glottis?

arytenoid gliding and rotation


by crico-arytenoid- (posterior) the only muscle that can open the rima glottis


The transverse arytenoids close the rima glottis

Which muscles lengthen and shorten vocal folds?

rocking of the cricothyroid joints


Thyroid is rocked back by thyroarytenoids to shorten folds


thyroid is rocked forwards by cricothyroid





What is aryepiglotticus?

a continuation of oblique arytenoid

What is thyroepiglotticus?

Might help the sphincteric affect by compressing the vestibule and drawing the epiglottis and arytenoids towards each other



What is the movement of arytenoid cartilages?

They can externally rotate and glide laterally down the shoulders of the cricoid lamina



What is the action of posterior crick-arytenoid

It swivels or externally rotates the arytenoids


This pulls apart the vocal folds and down the sloping shoulders of cricoid

Which folds are open in quiet respiration?

All folds are open and the rima is triangular with cord abducted

During forced inspiration what is the structure of the larynx?

The rima is more forcefully and widely opened by the posterior crico-arytenoid externally rotating arytenoid

What is the shape of the rima glottis during forced inspiration?

Rhomboid shaped

What cause phonation?

Vocal folds are adducted to close the rima glottis and air is forced through causing vibration

Where does the superior laryngeal nerve originate?

vagus



What is the path of the superior laryngeal nerve?

It passed with the superior thyroid artery until it branches to internal and external branches



What is sensation to the larynx to just above the vocal folds by?

the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve

What is the nerve supply of cricothyroid?

the external branch of the superior laryngeal nevre

What is special about the nerve supply to cricothryoid?


it is the only muscles NOT supplied by the RLN

Where does the RLN ascend>

between the trachea and oesophagus to intermingle with branches of the inferior thyroid artery

What does the RLN supply?

all of the muscles of the larynx apart from cricothyroid. Sensation to the vocal cords and larynx below



What does complete RLN paralysis cause?

The vocal folds will lie in a semi abducted position

What will partial paralysis of the RLN cause?

the folds will move into the midline

What is the most dangerous type of RLN paralysis?

bilateral partial paralysis because it might close the rima irreversibly



What will paralysis of the external superior laryngeal nerve present as

may go unnoticed



What does the superior thyroid artery follow?

the larynx above the vocal folds

Where do veins of the larynx drain to?

The superior thyroid vein

Which artery accompanies the RLN?

The inferior laryngeal branch of the inferior thyroid artery to supply the larynx below the vocal folds

Where do veins below the vocal folds drain to?

inferior thyroid veins