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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Stomach Mucosa Layers
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lamina propria
forming gastric pits muscularis mucosa. + |
Separating the mucosa from the underlying submucosa is a layer of smooth muscle, the muscularis mucosa.
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Stomach Mucosa Layers
The epithelium covering the surface and lining the pits is |
simple columnar epithelium,
and all the cells secrete an alkaline mucus |
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Cardia region
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mucus-secreting epithelium lines the cardiac glands with few parietal cells
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Gastric glands of Fundus-body
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gastric pit
foveola A gastric gland consists of three regions: |
1. The pit, or foveola
2. the neck 3. the body |
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Gastric glands of Fundus-body
The pit, or foveola lined w/ = |
lined by surface mucous cells
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Gastric glands of Fundus-body
the neck |
mucous neck cells,
mitotically active stem cells, parietal cells |
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Gastric glands of Fundus-body
the body |
major length of the gland.
upper and lower portions of body contain different proportions of cells lining the gastric gland. |
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gastric glands proper house
5 major cell types: |
1. mucous neck cells
2 2. chief cells (also called peptic cells) 3 3. parietal cells (also called oxyntic cells) 4 4. stem cells 5. gastroenteroendocrine cells called enterochromaffin |
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upper portion of the main body of the gastric gland contains =
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abundant
parietal cells. |
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cells predominate in the lower portion
2ct |
Chief cells
gastroenteroendocrine cells |
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Enzyme aka =
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Zymogene
(but it is produced inactive for inside the cell) |
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chief cells also produce the enzymes =
2ct (produce Digestive enzyme) |
lipase
pepsinogen |
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Parietal cells
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Produce protons
gastric intrinsic factor |
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Parietal cells
arasympathetic mediator acetylcholine and the peptide gastrin, produced by enteroendocrine cells of the pyloric antrum, stimulate parietal cells to secrete HCl. Acetylcholine also stimulates the release of _____________ |
gastrin
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_________ is produced by enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell
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Histamine
Cimetidine is an ____ receptor |
H2
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atrophic gastritis
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parietal and chief cells are much less numerous
_______ a glycoprotein that binds avidly to vitamin B12 . = |
intrinsic factor
B12 absorbed in the Ileum W/ I.F. |
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This condition results in a disorder of the erythrocyte-forming mechanism known as pernicious anemia, usually caused by atrophic gastritis.
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vitamin B12 with intrinsic factor
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The function of the alimentary tube is regulated by
3ct |
peptide hormones
produced by gastroenteroendocrine neuroendocrine mediators produced by neurons |
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The population of gastroenteroendocrine cells is so large that the gastrointestinal segment is regarded as the
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largest endocrine organ in the body.
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MEDICAL APPLICATION
Tumors called _____________ which arise from these cells, are responsible for the clinical symptoms caused by overproduction of serotonin |
carcinoids
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Serotonin increases
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gut motility,
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Ghrelin is produced in the
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Ghrelin
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gastrin-secreting tumors
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gastrinomas
aka = |
Zollinger-Ellison
syndrome |
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Zollinger-Ellison
syndrome hyperplasia and hypertrophy in the __________ region |
fundic region
fulminant stomach ulcerations |
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the most common ulcer of
the gastrointestinal tract. |
Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
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a helical-shaped bacterium that lives in the acidic
environment of the stomach. |
Helicobacter pylori,
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Ulcers can also be caused or worsened by drugs such as
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aspirin
ibuprofen NSAIDs |
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G cells in particular, are abundant in the
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antrum pyloric region.
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Pyloric glands
The predominant epithelial cell type of the pyloric gland is a = |
mucus-secreting cell
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Mucosa, submucosa, and muscularis of the stomach
mucosa consists of = |
loose connective tissue, called the lamina propria,
fibroblasts, lymphocytes, mast cells, eosinophils, and a few plasma cells. thin strands of muscle c |
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Other layers of stomach
under control of the autonomic nerve plexuses myenteric plexus of Auerbach |
The submucosa consists of dense irregular connective tissue in which collagen and elastic fibers are abundant. A large number of arterioles, venous plexuses, and lymphatics are present in the submucosa. Also present are the cell bodies and nerve fibers of the submucosal plexus of Meissner.
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The muscularis (or muscularis externa) of the stomach consists of three poorly defined layers of smooth muscle oriented in inner oblique, middle circular and outer longitudinal directions. At the level of the distal pyloric antrum, the circular muscle layer thickens to form the annular pyloric sphincter.
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