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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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CHARACTERISTICS
Yeast |
single celled organisms
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CHARACTERISTICS
Mold |
fungal form - produces hyphae
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CHARACTERISTICS
Dimorphic Fungi |
Yeast at 37C
Mold at room temp (24-28C) |
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TWO CATEGORIES OF FUNGI
Opportunisitc |
DO NOT affect healthy individuals
only specially susceptible groups |
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TWO CATEGORIES OF FUNGI
Pathogenic |
affect healthy individuals
-Systemic Fungi -Dermatophytes |
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Specially Susceptible Groups
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Diabetic
Transplant Pt (on immunosuppressant meds) very old or young AIDS chemotherapy / CA continuous anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs) |
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3 CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF FUNGAL INFECTION
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-fungal infection (in body)
-toxicoses (intoxication) -allergies (inhaled spores) |
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EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENCE:
Direct Microscopic Observation Vs. Fungal Cultures |
Direct Microscopic Obervation = Preliminary Dx
Fungal Culture = Confirmatory Dx |
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METHODS FOR ID
Yeast |
-behave like bacteria
ID with biochemical tests |
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METHODS FOR ID
Mold |
ID with visual recognition of structures produced during ASEXUAL reproduction
(only during this stage are they able to be IDed) |
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CHARACTERISTICS
Systemic Fungi (X3) |
1. Dimorphic (change in response to temp)
2. MOT (inhalation of spores) 3. Main Manifestation (PPI) [primary pulmonary infection] |
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HISTOPLASMOSIS
caused by what fungi & other names |
Histoplasma capsulatum
Ohio Valley Fever |
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HISTOPLASMOSIS
Environmental conditions |
soil with high nitrogen concentration
excreta of birds and bats |
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HISTOPLASMOSIS
Diseases |
Chronic Pulmonary Histoplasmosis
(blood-tinged sputum) Chronic Cutaneous Histoplasmosis (ulcerative skin lesions) Ocular Histoplasmosis (type 1 hypersensitivity) Systemic Histoplasmosis (AIDS) |
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HISTOPLASMOSIS
Dx - prelim and confirmatory |
PRELIM:
sputum or biopsy with "fish-eye" yeast inside macrophages CONF: fungal culture with "spiny spores" (minesweeper) |
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BLASTOMYCOSIS
caused by what fungi & other names |
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Gilchrist's Disease |
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BLASTOMYCOSIS
Environmental conditions |
cool. damp, forest soil rich in organic material
namely decaying vegetation found near river banks |
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BLASTOMYCOSIS
Diseases |
Pulmonary Blastomycosis (PPI)
Cutaneous Blastomycosis (granulomatous wart-like lesions/"bubbling") |
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BLASTOMYCOSIS
Dx: prelim and conf |
PRELIM:
Sputum specimen with large ovoid yeast cells with "broad based buds" CONF: Fungal culture with mold phase, "lollipops/baloons" on a string |
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COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS
caused by what fungi & other names |
Coccidioides immitis
San Joaquin Valley Fever |
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COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS
Environmental conditions |
semiarid soil and rodent burrows
from digging/aeration/excavation of soil ex. farming, archeological digs, mining, landslides |
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COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS
Diseases |
Pulmonary Coccidioidomycosis
(production of spherules in the lungs - multiply and generate more spores) |
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COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS
Dx: prelim and conf |
PRELIM:
sputum specimen with spherules (prep with KOH) CONF: fungal culture with "barrel-shaped" arthroconidia |
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ENDOgenous VS. EXOgenous
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ENDO - generated from within the body
(usually opportunistic fungi) EXO - outside source (Candida albicans ex. nurseries, passed at childbirth, sexual contact) |
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CANDIDA ALBICANS
Main Diseases |
1. Vulvovaginal Candidiasis
2. Thrush (associated with Abx intake) Dx: GERM TUBE Tx: Nystatin |
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CRYPTOCOCCOSIS
caused by what fungi |
Cryptococcus neoformans neofomans
(immunocompromised) Cryptococcus neoformans gatti (immunocompetent) |
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CRYPTOCOCCOSIS
Diseases |
Cryptococcal Meningitis
(HA, neck stiffness) Pulmonary Cryptococcosis (Primary or Invasive) |
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CRYPTOCOCCOSIS
Environmental Conditions |
dried droppings of birds, sp. PIGEONS
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CRYPTOCOCCOSIS
Dx |
GMS Stain
Latex agglutination (CSF) India Ink Preparation (CSF) |
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ASPERGILLOSIS
organisms |
Aspergillus fumigatus
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ASPERGILLOSIS
Diseases |
Pulmonary Aspergillosis
- hypersensitivity - noninvasive aspergillomas ("fungus balls") - Acute invasive pulmonary aspergillomas (result in death of lung tissue) |
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ASPERGILLOSIS
MOT |
grow in soil, compost, and air vents
(inhalation) |
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ASPERGILLOSIS
Dx |
Dx:
Sputum preparation with KOH "guitar-like, peacock, dust balls" at 45 degree angles |
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ZYGOMYCOSIS
Organisms |
Mucor
Rhizopus Absidia spp. |
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ZYGOMYCOSIS
MOT |
bread mold
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ZYGOMYCOSIS
Diseases |
Rhinocerebral Zygomycosis (nose → brain)
Pulmonary Zygomycosis (lungs) GI and cutaneous (GI and skin) |
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ZYGOMYCOSIS
Dx |
preparation of lung aspirates, biopsies, or lesions
with visible signs of mold *immediate Tx with Amphotericin B* |
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DERMATOPHYTES
Types (X3) |
Superficial Mycoses
Cutaneous Mycoses (Dermatophytes) (stratum corneum of epidermis) Subcutaneous Mycoses (tissue just below skin) |
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DERMATOPHYTES
nitrogen source |
skin, hair, nails
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DERMATOPHYTES
Tinneas by part of body: toes feet groin trunk head |
tinnea pedis
tinnea unguium tinnea cruris tinnea corporis tinnea capitus |
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DERMATOPHYTES
MOT |
DIrect contact with:
-infected person -infected animal (only contracted from others!) Fomites (objects) Soil (spores are viable for years!) |
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DERMATOPHYTES
Dx |
PRESUMPTIVE:
Sx skin scaping/hair/nail KOH prep with fungal elements CONF: prep with LPCB or aniline blue & ID microscopic morphology Tx: topical antifungal (-azoles) |
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SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES
what are they? |
infections involving the tissues just below the skin
caused by common soil saprophytes |
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SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES
CHROMOBLASTOMYCOSIS caused by? |
Phialophora verrucosa
Sx: verrucous (wart-like) crusted nodules (cauliflower appearance) |
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SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES
CHROMOBLASTOMYCOSIS environmental conditions |
rural areas of the tropics and subtropics
(humid areas) |
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SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES
CHROMOBLASTOMYCOSIS Dx |
1. Clinical appearance
2. skin biopsies (PRELIM) 3. microscopic preparations from cultures (CONF) as "thick flowers" |
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SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES
SPOROTHRICHOSIS caused by? |
Sporothrix schenckii
(Rose Gardener's Disease) Sx: nodular lesions form at puncture site |
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SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES
SPOROTHRICHOSIS MOT |
traumatic puncture of skin
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SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES
SPOROTHRICHOSIS Diseases |
Cutaneous Sporothrichosis - follows lymph vessels
Pulmonary Sporothrichosis - inhaled |
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SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES
SPOROTHRICHOSIS Dx |
PRELIM:
drainage from lesions directly examined, display, "cigar shaped" yeast cells CONF: micro prep from culture, microconidia as clusters and "rosettes" "little flowers" |
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What is the organism?
Chromoblastomycosis |
Phialophora verrucosa
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What is the organism?
San Joaquin Valley Fever |
Coccidioides immitis
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What is the organism?
Vaginal Yeast Infections |
Candida Albicans
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What is the organism?
Rose Gardener's Disease |
Sporothrix Schenckii
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What is the organism?
Cryptococcal meningitis |
Cryptococcus neoformans
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What is the organism?
Ohio Valley Fever |
Histoplasma capsulatum
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What is the organism?
Fungus "balls" |
Aspergillus fumigata
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What is the organism?
Rhinocerebral zygomycosis |
Mucor / Rhizopus / Absidia spp.
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What is the organism?
Thrush |
Candida Albicans
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What is the organism?
Blastomycosis |
Blastomyces dermatitidis
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Sx are caused by which disease?
Development of white patches in the oral cavity and tongue |
Thrush
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Sx are caused by which disease?
Verrucous (wart-like) nodules on skin |
Chromoblastomycosis
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Sx are caused by which disease?
Sx like: HA, dizzy, drowsy, irritability, vomiting, neck stiffness |
Cryptococcal Meningitis
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Sx are caused by which disease?
Destruction of hair, nails or skin |
Dermatophytosis
Tinnea / Ringworm |
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Sx are caused by which disease?
Subcutaneous lesions or masses (abscesses) |
Coccidioidomycosis
(San Joaquin Valley Fever) |
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Sx are caused by which disease?
Granulomatous (wart-like) lesions |
Cutaneous Blastomycosis
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Diagnostic Findings and Test ID which infection?
Fungal elements (hyphae and spores) on skin scrapings |
Cutaneous Mycoses and Tinneas
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Diagnostic Findings and Test ID which infection?
broad-based budding yeast or thick cell walls in sputum |
Blastomycosis
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Diagnostic Findings and Test ID which infection?
Fungal elements like vesicles and 45 degree branching hyphae in sputum |
Aspergillosis
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Diagnostic Findings and Test ID which infection?
Budding yeast in a large capsule in an india ink prep |
Cryptococcosis
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Diagnostic Findings and Test ID which infection?
fungal elements in KOH prep of skin scrapings |
Cutaneous mycoses / Tinneas
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Diagnostic Findings and Test ID which infection?
finding "fish eye" yeast cells w/in macrophages in a sputum specimen |
Histoplasmosis
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Diagnostic Findings and Test ID which infection?
finding "spherules" in a sputum prep |
Coccidioidomycosis
(San Joaquin Valley Fever) |
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Diagnostic Findings and Test ID which infection?
POSitive Germ Tube of vaginal d/c |
Vulvuvaginal candidiasis
caused by: Candida albicans |
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DERMOPHYTOSES
which 3 have we seen? |
Trycophyton canis
Trycophyton mentagrophytes Epidermophyton floccosum |
