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210 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
WHAT IS DIGESTION?
BREAKDOWN OF LARGE FOOD PARTICLES INTO THEIR COMPONENT PARTS PRODUCING MOLECULES SMALL ENOUGH TO BE ABSORBED INTO CIRCULATION.
WHAT ARE THE 3 MAIN FOOD GROUPS THAT GET BROKEN DOWN?
CARBOHYDRATES, PROTEINS, & LIPIDS
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN CARBOHYDRATES GET BROKEN DOWN?
THEY GET BROKEN DOWN TO MONOSACCHARIDES
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN PROTEINS GET BROKEN DOWN?
THEY GET BROKEN DOWN INTO AMINO ACIDS.
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN LIPIDS GET BROKEN DOWN?
THEY GET BROKEN DOWN INTO FATTY ACIDS & GLYCEROL
WHERE DOES DIGESTION TAKE PLACE?
A LONG TUBE CALLED THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT OR ALIMENTARY CANAL
TRUE OR FALSE

THE ACCESSORY GLANDS & ORGANS HELP WITH DIGESTION.
TRUE
WHERE DOES DIGESTION (GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT)BEGIN AND END?
IT STARTS IN THE ORAL CAVITY & ENDS AT THE ANUS
WHAT ARE THE 7 PARTS OF THE GI TRACT?
1. ORAL CAVITY

2. PHARYNX

3. ESOPHAGUS

4. STOMACH

5. SMALL INTESTINES

6. LARGE INTESTINES

7. ANUS
WHAT ARE THE ACCESSORY GLANDS & ORGANS (4) ?
1. SALIVARY GLANDS

2. LIVER

3. GALL BLADDER

4. PANCREAS
WHAT ARE THE NAMES OF THE 3 SALIVARY GLANDS?
1. PAROTID

2. SUBMANDIBULAR

3. SUBLINGUAL
WHAT ARE THE 5 PARTS OF THE ORAL CAVITY?
1. LIPS- ANTERIOR

2. FAUCES (THROAT)- POSTERIOR

3. HARD/SOFT PALATE- SUPERIOR

4. CHEEKS- LATERAL

5. MUSCLES OF TONGUE- INFERIOR
TRUE OR FALSE

FOOD THAT IS INGESTED & MASTICATED IS CALLED BOLUS
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE

SALIVARY GLANDS DOES NOT PRODUCE SALIVA THAT CONTAINS ENZYMES LIKE SALIVARY AMYLASE & LINGUAL LIPASE.
FALSE; SALIVARY GLANDS DOES PRODUCE SALIVA THAT CONTAINS ENZYMES LIKE SALIVARY AMYLASE & LINGUAL LIPASE.
THE ENZYME SALIVARY AMYLASE STARTS WHAT PROCESS?
PROCESS OF CARBOHYDRATE DIGESTION
THE ENZYME LINGUAL LIPASE STARTS WHAT PROCESS?
STARTS LIPID DIGESTION (<10%)
WHAT ARE THE 3 PARTS OF THE PHARYNX?
1. NASOPHARYNX

2. OROPHARYNX

3. LARYNGOPAHRYNX
WHERE IS THE NASOPHARYNX LOCATED & WHAT IS ITS FUNCTION?
-ITS POSTERIOR TO NASAL CAVITY.

-TRANSMITS AIR ONLY
WHERE IS THE OROPHARYNX LOCATED & WHAT IS ITS FUNCTION?
-ITS POSTERIOR TO ORAL CAVITY

-TRANSMITS AIR, FOOD, & FLUIDS
WHERE IS THE LARYNGOPHARYNX LOCATED & WHAT IS ITS FUNCTION?
-ITS POSTERIOR TO THE LARYNX (VOICE BOX)

-TRANSMIT AIR, FOOD, & FLUIDS
WHICH PART OF THE PHARYNX IS NOT INVOLVED IN DIGESTION?
NASOPHARYNX
THE ESOPHAGUS EXTENDS FROM WHAT?
PHARYNX TO STOMACH
THE ESOPHAGUS IS ANTERIOR & POSTERIOR TO WHAT?
-ANTERIOR TO C 6 VERTEBRAE

-POTERIOR TO TRACHEA
TRUE OR FALSE:

THE ESPOHAGUS HAS AN UPPER & A LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER TO PREVENT THE BACKFLOW OF FOOD.
TRUE
DESCRIBE THE STOMACH & WHERE QUADRANT IS IT FOUND?
-J SHAPED MUSCULAR ORGAN

-FOUND IN UPPER LEFT QUADRANT OF ABDOMEN
WHAT ARE THE 7 PARTS OF THE STOMACH?
1. CARDIAC

2. FUNDUS

3. GREATER CURVATURE

4. LESSER CURVATURE

5. BODY

6. PYLORUS

7. SMALL INTESTINE
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE STOMACH?
TO MOISTEN BOLUS COMING FROM ESOPHAGUS PRODUCING CHYME.
WHAT ARE THE 4 GASTRIC SECRETIONS IN THE STOMACH?
1. MUCUS

2. HCl

3. INTRINSIC FACTOR

4. GASTRIC LIPASE
THE GASTRIC SECRETION MUCUS DOES WHAT FOR THE STOMACH?
PROTECTS STOMACH LINING FROM DIGESTION
THE GASTRIC SECRETION HCl DOES WHAT FOR THE STOMACH (3) ?
-DECREASE STOMACH pH

- ACTIVATES PEPSINOGEN TO PEPSIN FOR PROTEIN DISGESTION

-DEACTIVATES SALIVARY AMYLASE STOPPING CHO(CARBOHYDRATE) DIGESTION
THE GASTRIC SECRETION INTRINSIC FACTOR IS ESSENTIAL FOR WHAT?
VITAMIN B12 ABSORPTION
WHAT IS THE GASTRIC SECRETION GASTRIC LIPASE USED FOR?
A SMALL AMOUNT IS USED FOR LIPID DISGESTION.
WHAT ARE THE 3 PARTS OF THE SMALL INTESTINE?
1. DUODENUM (1ST PART)

2. JEJUNUM (MIDDLE)

3. ILEUM (LAST PART)
TRUE OR FALSE:

THE DUODENUM IS WHERE MOST ABSORPTION & DIGESTION OCCURS.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE:

THE LIVER & PANCREAS RELEASES BILE & PANCREATIC ENZYMES. IT IS CLOSELY ASSOCIATED WITH THE DUODENUM.
TRUE
THE SMALL INTESTINE FUNCTIONS IN WHAT?
NUMEROUS SECRETIONS INCLUDING MUCUS TO PROTECT STOMACH LINING AGAINST ACIDIC CHYME.
TRUE OR FALSE:

THE PANCREAS IS NOT BOTH AN ENDOCRINE & EXOCRINE ORGAN
FALSE; THE PANCREAS IS BOTH AN ENDOCRINE & EXOCRINE ORGAN
WHAT ARE THE 3 PARTS OF THE PANCREAS?
1. HEAD (ASSOCIATED WITH THE DUODENUM)

2. BODY & 3. TAIL (ASSOCIATED WITH THE SPLEEN)
WHAT IS THE EXOCRINE FUNCTION OF THE PANCREAS?
RELEASE OF PANCREATIC JUICE (WHICH CONTAINS DIGESTIVE ENZYMES) INTO THE MAIN PANCREATIC DUCT & IN SOME CASES INTO AN ACCESSORY PANCREATIC DUCT.
TRUE OR FALSE:

THE MAIN PANCREATIC DUCT JOINS THE COMMON BILE DUCT AT THE HEPATOPANCREATIC AMPULLA WHICH EMPTIES INTO THE 2ND PART OF THE DUODENUM.
TRUE
WHAT ARE THE 4 PANCREATIC SECRETIONS?
1. PROTEOLYTIC

2. PANCREATIC AMYLASE

3. PANCREATIC LIPASES

4. BICARBONATE IONS
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE PANCREATIC SECRETION BICARBONATE IONS?
NEUTRALIZE THE ACIDIC CHYME PASSING FROM THE STOMACH & INCREASE THE pH FOR THE PANCREATIC ENZYMES TO WORK
TRUE OR FALSE:

THE LIVER IS THE SMALLEST ORGAN INTERNALLY.
FALSE; THE LIVER IS THE LARGEST ORGAN INTERNALLY
WHERE IS THE LIVER LOCATED?
-RIGHT UPPER QUADRANT OF ABDOMEN

-INFERIOR TO DIAPHRAGM
HOW MANY LOBES DOES THE LIVER HAVE?
4 LOBES
THE LEFT & RIGHT LOBE OF THE LIVER IS DIVIDED BY WHAT?
FALCIFORM LIGAMENT
THE QUADRATE LOBE OF THE LIVER IS NEAR WHAT?
GALLBLADDER
THE CAUDATE LOBE OF THE LIVER IS NEAR WHAT?
INFERIOR VENA CAVA
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE LIVER?
PRODUCES & SECRETES BILE
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF BILE?
BILE NEUTRALIZES STOMACH ACIDS & EMULSIFIES FATS.
HOW DOES BILE LEAVE THE LIVER?
IT LEAVES VIA THE LEFT & RIGHT HEPATIC DUCTS WHICH UNITE TO FORM THE COMMON HEPATIC DUCT.
BILE CAN GO DIRECTLY TO THE DUODENUM VIA WHAT DUCT?
THE COMMON BILE DUCT
BILE CAN BE STORED IN THE GALLBLADDER VIA ITS PASSAGE THROUGH WHAT DUCT?
CYSTIC DUCT
IT WHAT DIRECTION DOES BILE GET RELEASED FROM IN THE GALLBLADDER?
TRAVELS IN OPPOSITE DIRECTION THROUGH THE CYSTIC DUCT TO ENTER THE COMMON BILE DUCT.
DESCRIBE THE GALLBLADDER & WHAT IS ITS LOCATION?
-SACLIKE POUCH

-INFERIOR SURFACE OF THE LIVER
TRUE OR FALSE:

BILE PRODUCED BY LIVER IS STORED & CONCENTRATED IN THE GALLBLADDER.
TRUE
HOW DOES BILE FLOW FROM THE GALLBLADDER?
CYSTIC DUCT->

COMMON BILE DUCT->

HEPATOPANCREATIC AMPULLA->

2ND PART OF DUODENUM
WHAT ARE THE 4 PARTS OF THE LARGE INTESTINE?
1. CECUM

2. COLON

3. RECTUM

4. ANAL CANAL
WHAT IS CHYME CONVERTED TO IN THE LARGE INTESTINE?
FECES DUE TO WATER & SALT ABSORPTION
TRUE OR FALSE:

THE CECUM IS THE DISTAL PART OF THE LARGE INTESTINE WITH VERMIFORM APPENDIX ATTACHED TO IT.
FALSE; THE CECUM IS THE PROXIMAL PART OF THE LARGE INTESTINE WITH VERMIFORM APPENDIX ATTACHED TO IT.
WHAT ARE THE 4 PARTS OF THE COLON?
1. ASCENDING COLON

2. TRANSVERSE COLON

3. DESCENDING COLON

4. SIGMOID COLON (S SHAPED)
THE ACSENDING COLON IS FOUND WHERE?
BETWEEN CECUM & RIGHTCOLIC/HEPATIC FLEXURE
THE TRANSVERSE COLON IS FOUND WHERE?
BETWEEN RIGHT & LEFT COLIC/SPLENIC FLEXURE
THE DESENDING COLON IS FOUND WHERE?
FROM LEFT COLIC FLEXURE TO OPENING OF TRUE PELVIS
WHAT IS A CHARACTERISTIC OF OF THE LONGITUDINAL MUSCLE TENIAE COLI FOUND ON THE LARGE INTESTINE?
PRODUCES POUCHES CALLED HAUSTRA UPON CONTRACTION
WHAT ARE THE FAT FILLED POUCHES ATTACHED TO THE OUTER SURFACE OF THE COLON CALLED?
EPIPLOIC APPENDAGES
DESCRIBE THE APPENDIX & WHERE IS IT ATTACHED?
-WORMLIKE SAC

-CECUM
WHAT QUADRANT IS THE APPENDIX LOCATED?
RIGHT LOWER QUADRANT
WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON POSITION OF THE APPENDIX?
RETROCAECAL 74%
WHAT ARE THE 3 MAIN BLOOD SUPPLIES OF THE ABDOMINAL VISCERA?
1. CELIAC TRUNK

2. SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY (SMA)

3. INFERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY (IMA)
WHAT DOES THE CELIAC TRUNK SUPPLY?
SUPPLIES THE ESOPHAGUS THROUGH THE PROXIMAL 1/2 OF THE DUODENUM & SURROUNDING ACCESSORY ORGANS
WHAT DOES THE SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY (SMA)
SUPPLY?
SUPPLIES DISTAL 1/2 DUODENUM THROUGH PROXIMAL 2/3 OF THE TRANSVERSE COLON.
WHAT DOES THE INFERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY (IMA)
SUPPLY?
SUPPLIES DISTAL 1/3 TRANSVERSE COLON THROUGH ANAL CANAL
TRUE OR FALSE:

THE CELIAC TRUNK, SMA, & IMA ARE ALL BRANCHES OF THE ABDOMINAL AORTA
TRUE
WHAT IS THE HEPATIC PORTAL SYSTEM?
VENOUS SYSTEM THAT DELIVERS NUTRIENT RICH DE-OXYGENATED BLOOD FROM THE GI TRACT & OTHER ABDOMINAL ORGANS TO THE LIVER.
HOW DOES NUTRIENT RICH DE-OXYGENATED BLOOD ENTER THE LIVER?
HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN
THE SPLENIC VEIN & SUPERIOR MESENTERIC VEIN FORM WHAT VEIN?
HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN
WHAT DOES THE SPLENIC VEIN DRAIN?
THE SPLEEN & HAS A TRIBUTARY
WHAT DOES THE INFERIOR MESENTERIC VEIN DRAIN?
THE DISTAL PORTION OF LARGE INTESTINE
WHAT DOES THE SUPERIOR MESENTERIC VEIN DRAIN?
THE SMALL INTESTINE & PROXIMAL PORTION OF LARGE INTESTINE.
TRUE OR FALSE:

THE HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN DELIVERS BLOOD INTO DILATED CAPILLARIES (LIVER SINUSOIDS) WHERE NUTRIENTS ARE ABSORBED.
TRUE
BLOOD LEAVES THE LIVER VIA WHAT?
HEPATIC VEINS
HEPATIC VEINS DRAIN BLOOD INTO WHAT?

WHERE IS IT TRANSPORTED?
-INFERIOR VENA CAVA

-TO THE HEART
WHAT ARE THE 5 SYMPTOMS OF PORTAL HYPERTENSION (ENLARGEMENT OF VEINS) ?
1. ESOPHAGEAL VARICES

2. CAPUT MEDUSAE

3. ASCITES (FLUID)

4. SPLENOMEGALY

5. HEMORRHOIDS
TRUE OR FALSE:

SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION:

ARTERIES SEND OXYGENATED BLOOD FROM BODY -> HEART
FALSE;

ARTERIES SEND OXYGENATED BLOOD FROM HEART -> BODY
TRUE OR FALSE:

SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION:

VEINS SEND OXYGENATED BLOOD FROM BODY -> HEART
FALSE;

VEINS SEND DEOXYGENATED BLOOD FROM BODY -> HEART
CAPUT MEDUSAE IS AN EXAMPLE WHERE PORTAL VENOUS BLOOD FROM THE LIVER FINDS ITS WAY TO THE HEART BY FLOWING OUT TO WHAT?
PARAUMBILICAL VEINS->

EPIGASTRIC VEINS->

SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN YOU SWALLOW (2) ?
-UVULA ELEVATES

-EPIGLOTTIS FOLDS OVER LARYNX TO PREVENT FOOD & FLUIDS FROM ENTERING LARYNX
THE FALCIFORM LIGAMENT DIVIDES THE LEFT & RIGHT LOBE OF THE LIVER.

WHAT IS ITS OTHER FUNCTION?
ATTACHES LIVER TO ABDOMINAL WALL
WHAT IS ONE WAY YOU CAN DIAGNOSE A PATIENT WITH APPENDICITIS?
McBURNEY'S POINT
WHERE IS THE POINT OF MAXIMUM TENDERNESS & REBOUND TENDERNESS WHEN SOMEONE HAS APPENDICITIS?
1/3 THE DISTANCE UP A LINE JOINING UMBILICUS & ANTERIOR SUPERIOR ILIAC SPINE (ASIS)
WHAT IS THE ESOPHAGUS HIATUS?
A HOLE IN DIAPHRAM THAT THE ESOPHAGUS PASSES THROUGH
TRUE OR FALSE

THE INFERIOR VENA CAVA IS THE MAIN LINK FROM THE LIVER TO THE HEART.
TRUE
WHAT ORGANS ARE FOUND IN THE RIGHT UPPER QUADRANT? (7)
-LIVER

-GALLBLADDER

-DUODENUM

-HEAD OF PANCREAS

-SECTION OF ASCENDING COLON

-SECTION OF TRANVERSE OF COLON

-HEPATIC FLEXURE OF COLON
WHAT ORGANS ARE FOUND IN THE LEFT UPPER QUADRANT? (6)
-LEFT LOBE OF LIVER

-STOMACH

-PANCREAS

-SPLENIC FLEXURE OF COLON

-SECTION OF TRANSVERSE COLON

-SECTION OF DESCENDING COLON
WHAT ORGANS ARE FOUND IN THE RIGHT LOWER QUADRANT? (3)
-CECUM

-APPENDIX

-SECTION OF ASCENDING COLON
WHAT ORGANS ARE FOUND IN THE LEFT LOWER QUADRANT?
(2)
-SIGMOID COLON

-SECTION OF DESCENDING COLON
THE HEART HAS FOUR CHAMBERS. WHAT ARE THE NAMES OF THE CHAMBERS?
-RIGHT ATRIUM

-RIGHT VENTRICLE

-LEFT ATRIUM

-LEFT VENTRICLE
WHICH SIDE OF THE HEART SENDS BLOOD INTO PULMONARY CIRCULATION?
THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE HEART
WHICH SIDE OF THE HEART IS FOR SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION?
THE LEFT SIDE OF THE HEART
TRUE OR FALSE

VEINS CARRYING BLOOD TO THE HEART IS DEOXYGENATED.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE

ARTERIES TAKING BLOOD AWAY FROM THE HEART IS OXYGENATED.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE

THE STERNAL ANGLE IS NOT AN ELEVATION THAT SERVES AS A GUIDE TO THE SECOND RIB AND INTERCOSTAL SPACES.
FALSE;

THE STERNAL ANGLE IS AN ELEVATION THAT SERVES AS A GUIDE TO THE SECOND RIB AND INTERCOSTAL SPACES.
THE STERNAL ANGLE IS A MAJOR LANDMARK FOR THE HEART. WHAT CAN YOU FIND AT THE RIGHT BORDER?
RIGHT ATRIUM
THE STERNAL ANGLE IS A MAJOR LANDMARK FOR THE HEART. WHAT CAN YOU FIND AT THE INFERIOR BORDER?
RIGHT VENTRICLE
THE STERNAL ANGLE IS A MAJOR LANDMARK FOR THE HEART. WHAT CAN YOU FIND AT THE LEFT BORDER?
LEFT VENTRICLE & PART OF THE LEFT ATRIUM
THE HEART SITS POSTERIOR TO WHAT BONE?
THE STERNUM
THE HEART HAS FOUR CHAMBERS. WHAT ARE THE NAMES OF THE CHAMBERS?
-RIGHT ATRIUM

-RIGHT VENTRICLE

-LEFT ATRIUM

-LEFT VENTRICLE
WHICH SIDE OF THE HEART SENDS BLOOD INTO PULMONARY CIRCULATION?
THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE HEART
WHICH SIDE OF THE HEART IS FOR SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION?
THE LEFT SIDE OF THE HEART
TRUE OR FALSE

VEINS CARRYING BLOOD TO THE HEART IS DEOXYGENATED.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE

ARTERIES TAKING BLOOD AWAY FROM THE HEART IS OXYGENATED.
TRUE
WHAT ARE THE 6 VESSELS THAT ENTER & LEAVE THE HEART?
1. SVC

2. IVC

3. ASCENDING AORTA

4. PULMONARY TRUNK

5. PULMONARY VEINS

6. CORONARY SINUS
THE PERICARDIAL CAVITY (SPACE) IS BETWEEN WHAT 2 PERICARDIUM?
PARIETAL & VISCERAL
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION(S) OF THE PERICARDIAL CAVITY?
IT ALLOWS SMOOTH EXPANSION & CONTRACTION OF THE HEART
WHAT ARE THE 2 LAYERS OF THE PERICARDIAL SAC?
-FIBROUS LAYER

-SEROUS LAYER
WHAT 2 LAYERS MAKE UP THE SEROUS PERICARDIUM ?
-PARIETAL PERICARDIUM

-VISCERAL PERICARDIUM
WHEN CUTTING FROM THE OUTSIDE TO INSIDE OF THE HEART, WHAT LAYERS WILL YOU FIND ? (4)
1. FIBROUS LAYER

2. PARIETAL PERICARDIUM

3. VISCERAL PERICARDIUM

4. PERICARIDIAL CAVITY
WHAT ARE THE 3 LAYERS OF THE HEART FROM THE OUTSIDE TO INSIDE?
1. EPICARDIUM (SUPERFICIAL)

2. MYOCARDIUM (CONTRACTIVITY)

3. ENDOCARDIUM (CONNECTIVE TISSUE)
WHAT SULCUS SEPARATES THE ATRIA OF THE HEART FROM THE VENTRICLES ?
CORONARY SULCUS OR ATRIOVENTRICULAR SULCUS (GROOVE)
WHAT 2 SULCUS SEPARATES THE RIGHT & LEFT VENTRICLES?
-ANTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR SULCUS

-POSTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR SULCUS
TRUE OR FALSE

THE RIGHT & LEFT CORONARY ARTERIES SUPPLIES THE HEART WITH BLOOD.
TRUE
WHAT 3 ARTERIES MAKE UP THE RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY?
1. SA NODAL ARTERY

2. RIGHT MARGINAL ARTERY

3. POSTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR ARTERY (PAD)
WHAT 2 ARTERIES MAKE UP THE LEFT CORONARY ARTERY?
1. ANTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR ARTERY (LAD)

2. CIRCUMFLEX ARTERY
TRUE OR FALSE

PULMONARY VEINS CARRY OXYGENATED BLOOD FROM THE LUNGS TO THE LEFT ATRIUM.
TRUE
WHAT ARE THE 4 CARDIAC VEINS?
1. ANTERIOR CARDIAC VEINS

2. SMALL CARDIAC VEIN

3. MIDDLE CARDIAC VEIN

4. GREAT CARDIAC VEIN
WHAT TYPE OF BLOOD DOES THE CARDIAC VEINS CARRY FROM SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION?
DEOXYGENATED BLOOD
THE CARDIAC VEINS ARE VEINOUS DRAINAGES THAT CARRY DEOXYGENATED BLOOD FROM SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION TO WHICH ATRIUM VIA WHAT SINUS?
-RIGHT ATRIUM VIA THE CORONARY SINUS
THE SMALL CARDIAC VEIN TRAVELS WITH WHAT ARTERY?
MARGINAL ARTERY
THE MIDDLE CARDIAC VEIN TRAVELS WITH WHAT ARTERY?
POSTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR ARTERY (PAD)
THE GREAT CARDIAC VEIN TRAVELS WITH WHAT ARTERY?
ANTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR ARTERY (LAD)
TRUE OR FALSE

ALL CARDIAC VEINS DRAIN INTO THE CORONARY SULCUS EXCEPT THE ANTERIOR CARDIAC VEINS WHICH DRAIN INTO THE RIGHT ATRIUM.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE

THE WALL OF THE LEFT VENTRICLE IS LESS THICKER THAN THE WALL OF THE RIGHT VENTRICLE.
FALSE;

THE WALL OF THE LEFT VENTRICLE IS MORE THICKER THAN THE WALL OF THE RIGHT VENTRICLE.
TRUE OR FALSE

THE LEFT VENTRICLE SUPPLIES THE PRESSURE FOR SYSTEMIC BLOOD.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE

THE RIGHT VENTRICLE SUPPLIES THE PRESSURE FOR PULMONARY BLOOD.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE

THE INFERIOR VENA CAVA SUPPLIES THE HEAD, NECK, THORAX, & UPPER EXTREMITIES.
FALSE;

THE SUPERIOR VENA CAVA SUPPLIES THE HEAD, NECK, THORAX, & UPPER EXTREMITIES.
TRUE OR FALSE

THE INFERIOR VENA CAVA SUPPLIES THE LOWER EXTREMITIES, ABDOMEN, & PELVIS.
TRUE
WHAT IS THE DIRECTIONAL FLOW OF BLOOD THROUGHOUT THE HEART? (10)
1. DEOXYGENATED BLOOD

2. RIGHT ATRIUM

3. RIGHT VENTRICLE

4. PULMONARY TRUNK

5. LUNGS

6. OXYGENATED BLOOD

7. LEFT ATRIUM

8. LEFT VENTRICLE

9. AORTA

10. BODY
WHAT IS THE DIRECTION THAT OXYGENATED BLOOD TRAVELS IN SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION?
1. LEFT ATRIUM

2. LEFT VENTRICLE

3. AORTA

4. BODY
WHAT IS THE DIRECTION THAT DEOXYGENATED BLOOD TRAVELS IN PULMONARY CIRCULATION?
1. RIGHT ATRIUM

2. RIGHT VENTRICLE

3. PULMONARY TRUNK

4. LUNGS
VALVES BETWEEN THE ATRIA & VENTRICLES & IN THE PULMONARY TRUNK & AORTA MAINTAIN BLOOD FLOW IN HOW MANY DIRECTIONS?
ONE DIRECTION
WHAT ARE THE RIGHT ATRIAL STRUCTURES? (7)
1. SVC

2. CRISTA TERMINALIS

3. PECTINATE MUSCLE

4. IVC

5. CORONARY SINUS OPENING

6. TRICUSPID VALVE (RIGHT ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVE)

7. FOSSA OVALIS
WHAT ARE THE RIGHT VENTRICULAR STRUCTURES? (4)
1. CHORDAE TENDINAE

2. PAPILLARY MUSCLES

3. MODERATOR BAND

4. TRICUSPID VALVE
WHAT IS THE LEFT ATRIAL STRUCTURE?
BICUSPID OR MITRAL VALVE (LEFT ATROVENTRICULAR VALVE)
WHAT ARE THE LEFT VENTRICULAR STRUCTURES? (3)
1. BICUSPID VALVE (MITRAL VALVE)

2. CHORDAE TENDINAE

3. PAPILLARY MUSCLES
TRUE OR FALSE

THE VALVES BETWEEN THE ATRIA & VENTRICLES ARE MADE UP OF CUSPS (FLAPS).
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE

THE ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVE OR BICUSPID (MITRAL) VALVE IS ON THE RIGHT SIDE.
FALSE;

THE ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVE OR BICUSPID (MITRAL) VALVE IS ON THE LEFT SIDE.
TRUE OR FALSE

THE TRICUSPID VALVE IS ON THE RIGHT SIDE.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE

DURING SYSTOLE, WHEN THE VENTRICLES ARE CONTRACTING, THE ATRIOVENTRICULAR VAVLES ARE CLOSED & THE AORTIC & PULMONARY VALVES ARE OPEN.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE

WHEN THE VENTRICLES ARE RELAXED (DIASTOLE), THE ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVES ARE CLOSED & THE AORTIC & PULMONARY VALVES ARE CLOSED.
FALSE;

WHEN THE VENTRICLES ARE RELAXED (DIASTOLE), THE ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVES ARE OPENED & THE AORTIC & PULMONARY VALVES ARE CLOSED.
TRUE OR FALSE

THE OPENING & CLOSING OF VALVES PROVIDES FOR UNIDIRECTIONAL FLOW OF BLOOD THROUGH THE HEART.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE

THE PULMONIC VALVE IS SIMILAR TO THE AORTIC VALVE.

THE PULMONIC VALVE DOES NOT CONTAIN OPENINGS FOR CORONARY ARTERIES.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE

DURING DIASTOLE, BACKFLOW OF BLOOD IN AORTA CLOSES VALVE & INCREASES BLOOD FLOW IN CORONARY ARTERIES.
TRUE
WHAT IS THE CONDUCTING SYSTEM OF THE HEART? (5)
1. SA NODE

2. AV NODE

3. AV BUNDLE

4. R & L BUNDLE BRANCHES

5. APEX AREA OF HEART
WHAT FIBERS MAKE UP THE TERMINAL PART OF THE HEART CONDUCTING SYSTEM?
PURKINJE'S FIBERS
TRUE OR FALSE

THE CONDUCTING SYSTEM OF THE HEART BEGINS IN THE APEX AREA OF THE HEART AND FROM THERE THE WAVE OF CARDIAC MUSCLE CONTRACTION SPREADS TO THE BASE OF THE HEART.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE

THE HEART IS MOST EFFICIENT IN EXPELLING BLOOD WHEN THE WAVE OF CONTRACTION SPREADS FROM THE APEX TO THE BASE OF THE HEART.
TRUE
WHAT ARE THE SITES OF VALVE SOUNDS? (4)

(WHERE YOU PUT THE STETHOSCOPE)
1. AORTIC

2. PULMONIC

3. TRICUSPID

4. MITRAL
WHAT INTERCOSTAL SPACE DO YOU PUT YOUR STETHOSCOPE WHEN LISTENING FOR THE AORTIC VALVE?
RIGHT 2ND INTERCOSTAL SPACE (CLOSE TO STERNUM)
WHAT INTERCOSTAL SPACE DO YOU PUT YOUR STETHOSCOPE WHEN LISTENING FOR THE PULMONIC VALVE?
LEFT 2ND INTERCOSTAL SPACE
(CLOSE TO STERNUM)
WHAT INTERCOSTAL SPACE DO YOU PUT YOUR STETHOSCOPE WHEN LISTENING FOR THE TRICUSPID VALVE?
APEX POINT
A PATIENT THAT HAS AN INFARCT CAUSED BY THE OBSTRUCTION OF ARTERY CAN SUFFER FROM WHAT?
HEART ATTACK
WHEN VENTRICLES CONTRACT, BLOOD ENTERS AORTA & RE-ENTERS LEFT ATRIUM. THIS PATIENT HAS WHAT KIND OF HEART DEFICIENCY?
VALVE DEFICIENCY
WHEN THE EMBRYONIC VESSEL FAILS TO CLOSE CAUSING DEOXYGENATED BLOOD TO ENTER AORTA, THIS PATIENT HAS WHAT HEART DEFECT?
CONGENITAL HEART DEFECT
WHAT CAN A PATIENT WITH A HEART CONDUCTION PROBLEM DO TO FIX THE PROBLEM?
ARTIFICIAL CARDIAC PACEMAKER INSTALLED TO PRODUCE PROPER HEART CONTRACTION PACE.
WHAT ARE THE PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM? (7)
1. NOSE

2. NASAL CAVITY

3. PHARYNX

4. LARYNX

5. TRACHEA

6. BRONCHI

7. LUNGS
WHAT PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM MAKE UP THE UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT? (3)
1. NOSE

2. NASAL CAVITY

3. PHARYNX
WHAT PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM MAKE UP THE LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT? (4)
1. LARYNX

2. TRACHEA

3. BRONCHI

4. LUNGS
WHAT ARE THE PARANASAL SINUSES? (2)
-FRONTAL SINUS

-MAXILLARY SINUS
ETHMOIDAL AIR CELLS DEFINITION
A CAVITY IN THE ETHMOID BONE THAT HAS MUCOUS MEMBRANES
TRUE OR FALSE

PARANASAL SINUSES DRAIN INTO MEATUS.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE

SINUSES REDUCE THE WEIGHT OF THE SKULL
TRUE
WHAT ARE THE 3 PARTS OF THE PHARYNX?

(SUPERIOR-INFERIOR)
-NASOPHARYNX

-OROPHARYNX

-LARYNGOPHARYNX
TRUE OR FALSE

THE NASOPHARYNX ALLOWS FOOD, FLUIDS, & AIR
FALSE;

THE NASOPHARYNX ALLOWS ONLY AIR
TRUE OR FALSE

FOOD, FLUIDS, & AIR IS ALLOWED IN THE OROPHARYNX & LARYNGOPHARYNX
TRUE
THE LARYNX FUNCTIONS IN WHAT?
VOICE PRODUCTION
WHAT ARE THE 2 VOCAL FOLDS?
-FALSE VOCAL (TOP)

-TRUE VOCAL (BOTTOM)
TRUE OR FALSE

THE LARYNX ALLOWS AIR
TRUE
WHAT IS THE SITE OF EMERGENCY CRICOTHRYROTOMY TO ESTABLISH AIRWAY?
CRICOTHYROID MEMBRANE
WHAT IS THE SITE OF ELECTIVE TRACHEOSTOMY TO ESTABLISH AIRWAY?
TRACHEA
TRUE OR FALSE

THE RIGHT BRONCHUS IS MORE VERTICAL, SHORTER, & WIDER THAN THE LEFT BRONCHUS.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE

FOREIGN OBJECTS (PINS, MARBLES, NAILS, ETC.) IN THE TRACHEA TEND TO CONTINUE INTO THE RIGHT BRONCHUS & LUNG
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE

THE STERNAL ANGLE IS A LANDMARK FOR THE BRANCHING OF THE TRACHEA.
TRUE
WHICH BRONCHI CONDUCTS AIR TO & FROM THE LUNGS?
R & L BRONCHI (MAIN BRONCHI)
WHICH BRONCHI CONDUCTS AIR TO & FROM THE LOBES?
THE SECONDARY BRONCHI (LOBAR BRONCHI)
WHICH BRONCHI CONDUCTS AIR TO & FROM SEGEMENTS OF THE LOBES?
THE TERTIARY BRONCHI (SEGEMENTAL)
TRUE OR FALSE

A SURGEON, AS NEEDED, MAY NOT RESECT (REMOVE) A LUNG, A LOBE, OR A SEGEMENT OF A LOBE.
FALSE;

A SURGEON, AS NEEDED, MAY RESECT (REMOVE) A LUNG, A LOBE, OR A SEGEMENT OF A LOBE.
WHAT WOULD HAPPEN TO A PATIENT IF THE PLEURAL CAVITY OF THE LUNG WAS PUNCTURED & EXPOSED TO AIR?

WHAT IS THE NAME OF THIS DIAGNOSIS?
-COLLAPSE OF LUNG

-PNEUMOTHORAX
THE PLEURAL SACS ENCLOSES EACH LUNG.

WHAT PLEURA ADHERES TO THE LUNG?
VISCERAL PLEURA
WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE OUTER ENCLOSING PLEURA THAT SEPARATES FROM THE VISCERAL PLEURA?
PARIETAL PLEURA, BY A THIN FILM OF FLUID
WHAT ALLOWS FULL EXPANSION OF THE LUNG WHEN TAKING DEEP BREATHES?
COSTODIAPHRAGMATIC RECESS
TRUE OR FALSE

THE SMOOTH SURFACES OF THE OPPOSING PLEURAE & THE INTERVENING FLUID FILM ALLOW ALMOST FRICTION FREE EXPANSION & CONTRACTION OF THE LUNGS
TRUE
HOW MANY LOBES DOES THE RIGHT LUNG HAVE?
3

-SUPERIOR (UPPER)

-MIDDLE

-INFERIOR (LOWER)
HOW MANY LOBES DOES THE LEFT LUNG HAVE?
2

-SUPERIOR (UPPER)

-INFERIOR (LOWER)
HOW MANY FISSURES DOES THE RIGHT LOBE HAVE?

WHAT ARE THE NAMES?
2

-HORIZONTAL FISSURE

-OBLIQUE FISSURE
HOW MANY FISSURES DOES THE LEFT LOBE HAVE?

WHAT ARE THE NAMES?
1

-OBLIQUE FISSURE
TRUE OR FALSE

THE LINGULA IS A PROJECTION FROM THE SUPERIOR LOBE OF THE LEFT LUNG.
TRUE
WHAT IS A HILUS?
THE AREA THAT THE BRONCHI & PULMONARY VESSESLS ENTER & EXIT THE LUNG.
TRUE OR FALSE

THE STRUCTURES AT THE HILUS FORM THE ROOT OF THE LUNG.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE

THE PULMONARY ARTERIES CONDUCTS OXYGENATED BLOOD FROM THE HEART TO THE LUNGS.
FALSE;

THE PULMONARY ARTERIES CONDUCTS DEOXYGENATED BLOOD FROM THE HEART TO THE LUNGS.
TRUE OR FALSE

THE PULMONARY VEINS CONDUCTS OXYGENATED BLOOD FROM THE LUNGS TO THE HEART.
TRUE
WHAT ARE THE BRONCHI THAT BRANCH FROM THE RIGHT SIDE?
-UPPER LOBE BRONCHUS

-MIDDLE LOBE BRONCHUS

-LOWER LOBE BRONCHI
WHAT ARE THE BRONCHI THAT BRANCH FROM THE LEFT SIDE?
-UPPER LOBE BRONCHUS

-LOWER LOBE BRONCHI
TRUE OR FALSE

THE DIAPHRAGM DOES NOT SEPARATE THE THORACIC & ABDOMINAL CAVITIES.
FALSE;

THE DIAPHRAGM SEPARATES THE THORACIC & ABDOMINAL CAVITIES.
TRUE OR FALSE

CONTRACTION OF THE DIAPHRAGM INCREASES THE VERTICAL DIMENSION OF THE THORACIC CAVITY PRODUCING INSPIRATION OF AIR INTO THE LUNGS.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE

THE DIAPHRAGM IS THE MAIN MUSCLE OF INSPIRATION
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE

THE DIAPHRAGM FLATTENS AS IT CONTRACTS INCREASING THE VOLUME OF THE THORACIC CAVITY.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE

THE INCREASED VOLUME OF THE THORACIC CAVITY INCREASES INTRATHORACIC PRESSURE WHICH ALLOWS THE HIGHER PRESSURE OUTISIDE AIR TO ENTER THE LUNGS.
FALSE;

THE INCREASED VOLUME OF THE THORACIC CAVITY REDUCES INTRATHORACIC PRESSURE WHICH ALLOWS THE HIGHER PRESSURE OUTISIDE AIR TO ENTER THE LUNGS.
EXPLAIN WHAT HAPPENS WHEN PERFORMING THE HEIMLICH MANEUVER.
-FORCES THE DIAPHRAGM UPWARDS TO INCREASE INTRATHORACIC PRESSURE.

-THE INCREASED INTRA THORACIC PRESSURE IS TRANSFERRED UP THROUGH THE LARYNX & FORCES FOOD OUT OF THE LARYNGEAL OPENING OF THE CHOKING VICTIM.
WHAT ARE THE 3 OPENINGS FOUND ON THE DIAPHRAGM?
1. OPENING FOR THE IVC

2. OPENING FOR ESOPHAGUS

3. OPENING FOR AORTA