Mcgraw Hill Bio Vocab Ch 12

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clone

Back 1

a lineage of genetically identical individuals produced asexually

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diploid

Back 2

a cell containing two sets of homologous chromosomes

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haploid

Back 3

a cell, a nucleus, or an organism containing only one set of unpaired chromosomes (n)

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homologous

Back 4

of anatomical structures, sharing a common ancestor although the structure may look and function differently, such as bird's wing and a reptile's forelimb; of chromosomes, carrying the same genes

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somatic

Back 5

referring to the body of a plant or an animal aside from the gametes; relating to the nonreproductive cells of a multicellular organism

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ovum

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a mature egg cell; a female gamete, haploid (n) in chromosome number

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meiosis

Back 7

two successive cell divisions that produce gametes

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spore

Back 8

one-celled reproductive cell that is usually resistant to harsh environmental conditions and may remain dormant for long period

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crossing-over

Back 9

during prophase I of meiosis, the breakage and exchange of corresponding segments of homologous chromosomes at one or more sites along their length, resulting in genetic recombination

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polar body

Back 10

small haploid cell produced in meiosis during egg-cell formation

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conjugation

Back 11

a process of exchanging genetic information in which chromosomes pass between two bacteria by means of a tube of cytoplasm that temporarily connects them

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alteration of generations

Back 12

life cycle that includes both asexual and sexual forms; characteristic of plants, algae, and other life-forms

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pollen

Back 13

tiny grains that contain male gametes; released from the anthers of flowers

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carpel

Back 14

the female reproductive organ that consumes animals; a meat eater

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ovaries

Back 15

the primary reproductive organs of a female; egg-cell-producing organs

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ovule

Back 16

a structure that develops in a plant ovary and containing the egg

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anther

Back 17

the enlarged end of a stamen inf a flower, inside which pollen grains containing male gametes form

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pollination

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the placement of pollen by wind or animal onto the stigma of a carpel; a prerequisite to fertilization

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external fertilization

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the joining of gametes outside the bodies of the two parents, as in many fishes and amphibians

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internal fertilization

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the joining of gametes insidet he female's body

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oviduct

Back 21

in vertebrates, a tube that carries eggs away from an ovary; in humans, a fallopian tube

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uterus

Back 22

a hollow muscular organ, located in the female pelvis, in which a fetus develops

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vagina

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a tubular organ that leads from the uterus to the opening of the female reproductive tract

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menstrual cycle

Back 24

the femal reproductive cycle that is characterized by regularly recurring changes in the uterine lining

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estrogen

Back 25

family of hormones that stimulate the development of female secondary sexual characteristics

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progesterone

Back 26

a female hormone, secreted by the corpus luteum and the placenta, that prepares the uterus for pregnancy and the mammary glands for lactation

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ovulation

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the release of an egg cell from a mature ovarian follicle

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corpus luteum

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the structure that forms from the tissues of a ruptured ovarian follicle; secretes female hormones

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gestation

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pregnancy

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scrotum

Back 30

a pouch of skind that encloses the testes

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androgen

Back 31

family of male sex hormones, including testosterone

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testosterone

Back 32

a male sex hormone secreted by the testes

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secondary sex characteristic

Back 33

characteristic of a male or female animal other than gamete production; in humans, includes mature genitalia, female breasts, body and facial hair, muscualr development, and deep male voice; typically develops in response to sex hormones

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puberty

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the stage of development in which the reproductive organs become functional

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in vitro

Back 35

literally means "in glass"; refers to laboratory procedures done in test tubes or in petri dishes