Mccurdy World History Standard #2

Front 1

Became a rich trading civilization due to location between Saharan salt mines and tropical gold mines.

Back 1

Ghana

Front 2

During the 1000s, the Ghanaian kingdom _____.

Back 2

splintered into small city-states

Front 3

Mali was one of the small states to break away from ______.

Back 3

Ghana

Front 4

Found trans-Saharan trade more beneficial than Ghana; controlled and taxed almost all trade through West Africa; connected to North Africa through huge caravans.

Back 4

Mali

Front 5

Greatest king of Mali.

Back 5

Mansa Musa

Front 6

Introduced Islamic culture to Mali.

Back 6

Mansa Musa

Front 7

Malian capital.

Back 7

Timbuktu

Front 8

Encouraged growth of Timbuktu as a center of arts and learning.

Back 8

Mansa Musa

Front 9

Spread through North Africa during the 600s & 700s.

Back 9

Islam

Front 10

Rebelled against Mali.

Back 10

Songhai people

Front 11

Ruled Songhai Empire at its height.

Back 11

Askia Muhammad

Front 12

Askia Muhammad's laws were based on the ___.

Back 12

Quran/Koran

Front 13

Migrated to the eastern coast of Africa--bringing agriculture, cattle herding, and iron metallurgy--developed complex societies governed by small, local states.

Back 13

Bantus

Front 14

People living along the east coasts of Africa, supplemented Bantu advances with ocean fishing and maritime trade.

Back 14

Builders of Swahili society

Front 15

Controlled the eastern coast of Africa from Mogadishu to Kilwa and the Domoro Islands and Sofala; spoke Swahili and supplemented it with Arabic.

Back 15

Swahili

Front 16

Eastern coasts of Africa attracted attention from Islamic merchants, who brought wares (such as pottery, glass, and textiles) from Persia, India, and China in exchange for local products (tortoise shells, leopard skins)

Back 16

East African City States

Front 17

In the A.D. 600s, Arab and Persian merchants set up trading communities under the protection of local African rulers on the ________.

Back 17

East African Coast

Front 18

By 1000, port city-states in East Africa were thriving from trade across the _____.

Back 18

Indian Ocean

Front 19

Because Arab & Persian traders settled in the East African city-states they became _____.

Back 19

multicultural

Front 20

Mogadishu, Lamu, Malindi, Mombasa, Kilwa, Mozambique, and Sofala.

Back 20

East African City States

Front 21

Though it lost popularity in the place of its origin India, it spread to Ceylon, Burma, Nepal, Tibet, central Asia, China, and Japan

Back 21

Buddhism

Front 22

Fused their traditional Shinto beliefs with Chinese Buddhism and Confucianism.

Back 22

Japanese

Front 23

Characterized by decentralized political power in which regional warlords (daimyo) controlled land and economy.

Back 23

Medieval Japan

Front 24

Medieval Japan valued __________.

Back 24

military talent and discipline

Front 25

Mounted warriors in Medieval Japan who dominated society.

Back 25

Samurai

Front 26

In Medieval Japan "the way of the warrior," which emphasized the importance of loyalty to the warrior's lord.

Back 26

Bushido

Front 27

Greatest of the Samurai (had many Samurai under them)

Back 27

Daimyo

Front 28

Used voluntarily by samurai to die with honor rather than fall into the hands of their enemies, or as a form of capital punishment for samurai who had committed serious offenses, or performed for other reasons that had brought shame to them.

Back 28

Seppuku

Front 29

Brought an end to Japan's Medieval period. Centralized power and unified Japan in the 16th Century.

Back 29

Tokugawa Dynasty

Front 30

Peasant uprisings enabled a rebellious lord Li Yuan to take control of China and establish the ___.

Back 30

Tang Dynasty.

Front 31

Restored peace and stability to China after the fall of the Sui dynasty.

Back 31

Tang Dynasty

Front 32

Maintained the Chinese empire through a system of roads with horses, human runners, inns, postal stations, and stables.

Back 32

Tang Dynasty

Front 33

Equitable distribution of land in China kept land out of the hands of wealthy elite.

Back 33

Tang Dynasty

Front 34

In Tang China government jobs were merit based, determined through a series of ______.

Back 34

civil service examinations

Front 35

Military conquests included Manchuria, Tibet, Korea, and the northern part of Vietnam.

Back 35

Tang China

Front 36

Ruled China from A.D. 618 to 907.

Back 36

Tang Dynasty

Front 37

After turmoil caused the fall of the Tang Dynasty China was ruled by Military dynasties until 960 when Zhao Kuangyin seized the throne and established the _____.

Back 37

Song Dynasty

Front 38

First emperor started at policy of distrust of military leaders--focused on civil service exams (based on Confucian philosophy), industry, education, and the arts.

Back 38

Song Dynasty

Front 39

Scholars who passed the civil service tests formed a wealthy elite group. (Term Westerners used for this group)

Back 39

Mandarins

Front 40

Faced the financial problem in China of the bureaucracy becoming too big. The scholar bureaucrats' limited military experience led to military failures.

Back 40

Song Dynasty

Front 41

High-quality porcelain produced, iron and steel made stronger by using coke instead of coal to get higher furnace temperature, gunpowder, printing technology using movable type.

Back 41

Technological advances of the Tang and Song Dynasties

Front 42

During the 1100s they became the dominant nomadic group in Central Asia.

Back 42

Mongols

Front 43

Temujin organized the scattered Mongol clans under one government and was later called _____ or (absolute ruler).

Back 43

Genghis Khan

Front 44

Brought together Mongol laws into the Yasa.

Back 44

Genghis Khan

Front 45

Organized the Mongol armies into the most skilled fighting force in the world.

Back 45

Genghis Khan

Front 46

United Central Asia and attacked Tibet, northern China, Persia, and the Central Asian Steppes.

Back 46

Genghis Khan

Front 47

Mongolian general and statesman, grandson of Genghis Khan. He conquered China and became the first emperor of its Yuan, or Mongol, dynasty.

Back 47

Kublai Khan

Front 48

Complied with some Chinese traditions but tried to maintain Mongol culture in China.

Back 48

Kublai Khan

Front 49

Fostered Chinese trade and connections with Europe.

Back 49

Mongol rule

Front 50

After conquering the Chinese and other groups they adopted many of their ideas and practices.

Back 50

Mongols

Front 51

Largest empire in history. It extended from China to the frontiers of Western Europe.

Back 51

Mongol empire

Front 52

Mongol Dynasty in China. (1234-1368)

Back 52

Yuan Dynasty

Front 53

The group of settled, Turkicized Mongols who ruled over Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Moldova and the Caucasus from the 1240s until 1502.

Back 53

the Golden Horde

Front 54

By the end of the 1200s Mongol territories in Russia, Central Asia, Persia, and China had become separate and ____.

Back 54

independent

Front 55

A Buddhist monk named Zhu Yuanzhang led an army against the capital and overthrew the ___.

Back 55

Yuan Dynasty

Front 56

Zhu Yuanzhang became emperor Hongwu and established China's __________.

Back 56

Ming Dynasty

Front 57

Hongwu's immediate goal was to remove all signs of __________.

Back 57

Mongol rule

Front 58

Established direct rule by the emperor. Reestablished a civil service system based on Confucian values to ensure promotion of scholar bureaucrats on the basis of ability, not favors.

Back 58

Ming Dynasty

Front 59

Used eunuchs (who could not produce a family to challenge the dynasty) to increase the power of the central government.

Back 59

Ming Dynasty

Front 60

Eunuch admiral who led seven exploratory voyages for Ming China from 1405 to 1433.

Back 60

Zheng He

Front 61

He traveled to Southeast Asia, Ceylon, India, the Persian Gulf, Arabia, and the East African coast, where he established tributary relationships with Ming China. His technology and advanced fleets were able to face any adversity.

Back 61

Zheng He

Front 62

Ming emperors abruptly pulled funds from his expeditions because they did not trust him. They destroyed his nautical charts and allowed China's ships to fall into a state of disrepair.

Back 62

Zheng He

Front 63

After the Ming stopped Zheng He's voyages China withdrew into a state of ________.

Back 63

isolationism

Front 64

Southeastern Asia, China, and India traded: silk and spices west to consumers in central Asia, Iran, Arabia, and the Roman Empire.

Back 64

Silk Road

Front 65

Trade route that connected the Han and Roman Empires in classical times.

Back 65

Silk Road

Front 66

Facilitated the exchange of goods, ideas, and disease. Following the fall of the Han and Roman Empires, the route was revived by the Tang, Song and later by the Mongols.

Back 66

Silk Road

Front 67

Commercial centers in Nishapur, Bukhara, and Samarkand facilitated the revival of trade over the Silk Road.

Back 67

Arab trade networks

Front 68

Classical roads, originally commissioned by India and Persia and revived by Muslims, provided quick and efficient travel through the dar al-Islam.

Back 68

Arab trade networks

Front 69

Technological advances, such as the compass, the lateen sail, and the astrolabe led to increasing travel in the Red Sea, Persian Gulf, Arabian Sea, and Indian Ocean.

Back 69

Arab trade networks

Front 70

Important Indian ports: Cambay, Calicut, Quilon--way stations for traders from China and Africa.

Back 70

Trade in the Indian Ocean

Front 71

From China, silk and porcelain. From East African city-states; gold, iron, and ivory.

Back 71

Trade in the Indian Ocean

Front 72

Portugal controlled this trade beginning in the 16th Century.

Back 72

Trade in the Indian Ocean

Front 73

Introduction of the Camel sped up communication and transportation across the Sahara. Caravans of camels crossed the Sahara in 70 to 90 days.

Back 73

Trans-Saharan Trade

Front 74

Kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai in Western Africa were important in connecting the Mediterranean basin to sub-Saharan Africa.

Back 74

Trans-Saharan Trade

Front 75

This trade resulted in the leaders of Mali and Songhai being converted to Islam.

Back 75

Trans-Saharan Trade

Front 76

Gold, slaves & ivory from the south were exchanged for cloth, horses, salt, and manufactured goods from the north.

Back 76

Trans-Saharan Trade