Mccurdy World History Standard #1 European And Muslim Civilizations (500-1450)

Front 1

Invasions by this group pressured the Germanic Tribes to invade Rome.

Back 1

Huns

Front 2

Leader of the Hun invasions.

Back 2

Attila

Front 3

Broke through the borders of the Roman Empire.

Back 3

Germanic Tribes

Front 4

Year that the Roman Empire fell.

Back 4

A.D. 476

Front 5

Dates for the Early Middle Ages

Back 5

A.D. 500-1000

Front 6

Between A.D. 400 and 700, Germanic invaders carved Western Europe into _________.

Back 6

small kingdoms

Front 7

Strongest of the Germanic Kingdoms in Western Europe after the fall of Rome.

Back 7

Franks

Front 8

Frankish King who was the first Germanic ruler to accept Catholicism.

Back 8

Clovis

Front 9

Clovis and his successors.

Back 9

Merovingian Kings

Front 10

By 700, they were more powerful than the Merovingian Kings.

Back 10

Mayors of the Palace.

Front 11

Mayor of the Palace who led Franks to victory at the Battle of Tours.

Back 11

Charles Martel

Front 12

The Muslim advance on Europe was stopped at the ________________. (one of the most significant battles in history)

Back 12

Battle of Tours

Front 13

Mayor of the Palace that seized the Throne of the Franks.

Back 13

Pepin the Short

Front 14

Pepin the Short seized the Frankish throne with the approval of the ____.

Back 14

Pope

Front 15

Greatest Frankish ruler.

Back 15

Charlemagne

Front 16

United most of Western Europe into a Christian Empire (800).

Back 16

Charlemagne

Front 17

Crowned "Emperor of the Romans" by the Pope.

Back 17

Charlemagne

Front 18

Conquered Saxons and forced them to convert to Christianity.

Back 18

Charlemagne

Front 19

Charlemagne's empire was divided among his three grandsons. (843)

Back 19

Treaty of Verdun

Front 20

From 800-1000 Europe was plundered by _____.

Back 20

new invasions

Front 21

Three groups who invaded Europe from 800-1000.

Back 21

Muslims, Magyars & Vikings

Front 22

Vikings were from _____.

Back 22

Scandinavia

Front 23

Weakened central authority of European Monarchs.

Back 23

Viking raids

Front 24

When royal power (monarchs) was weakened local defense was taken over by _____.

Back 24

Nobles

Front 25

The Viking raids resulted in a new political system called __________.

Back 25

Feudalism

Front 26

New political system that began to take over Europe around 900/Developed to provide protection from invaders.

Back 26

Feudalism

Front 27

Political and military system based on the holding of land.

Back 27

Feudalism

Front 28

Divided Western Europe into thousands of territories governed by nobles.

Back 28

Feudalism

Front 29

Swore loyalty to a lord in exchange for land.

Back 29

Vassal

Front 30

Land a lord gave a vassal.

Back 30

fief

Front 31

A lord's vassals made up his private ______.

Back 31

army

Front 32

A vassal swore loyalty to his _____.

Back 32

lord

Front 33

Lords and vassals were both ____.

Back 33

nobles

Front 34

A noble could be both a lord and a _________.

Back 34

vassal at the same time.

Front 35

Noble mounted warriors.

Back 35

knights

Front 36

Provided food and labor to nobles in exchange for protection.

Back 36

peasants

Front 37

Peasants bound to the land.

Back 37

serfs

Front 38

Self-sufficient estates (owned by nobles worked by peasants).

Back 38

Manors

Front 39

The economic relationship between nobles and peasants.

Back 39

manorialism

Front 40

Most important institution in Europe after the fall of Rome.

Back 40

Roman Catholic Church

Front 41

Preserver of civilization in Western Europe after the fall of Rome.

Back 41

Roman Catholic Church

Front 42

He protected the city of Rome and the church by mobilizing forces for the purpose of defense; he reasserted papal supremacy and increased the role and importance of the church in people's lives.

Back 42

Pope Gregory I

Front 43

Was established as the single most important figure in the Western Church providing it a sense of direction.

Back 43

Pope

Front 44

In the third and fourth century the Roman Empire became culturally divided and eventually ________.

Back 44

politically divided.

Front 45

With the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the eastern half became known as the _________.

Back 45

Byzantine Empire

Front 46

Most important Byzantine Emperor who engaged in great public works including the Hagia Sophia cathedral.

Back 46

Justinian I

Front 47

After a systematic review of all the laws of Rome, HE codified the law, keeping the legal principals of ancient Rome.

Back 47

Justinian I

Front 48

From the Byzantine Empire remained an inspiration for civil law codes.

Back 48

Justinian's Code

Front 49

Capital of the Byzantine Empire.

Back 49

Constantinople

Front 50

In 1453 the Byzantine Empire fell to the _____.

Back 50

Ottoman Turks

Front 51

Successors to Muhammad, leaders of the Muslim world.

Back 51

Caliphs

Front 52

The first four Caliphs knew Muhammad personally.

Back 52

"The Rightly Guided Caliphs"

Front 53

When Ali, Muhammad's son-in-law (the last of the Rightly Guided Caliphs), was killed Mu'awiyah became Caliph and began the ___________.

Back 53

Umayyad Caliphate

Front 54

The Umayyad Dynasty moved the capital Islam from Mecca to ________.

Back 54

Damascus

Front 55

Those who accepted Mu'awiyah and the Umayyad Caliphate.

Back 55

Sunnis

Front 56

Those who rejected Mu'awiyah's rule and the Umayyad Caliphate.

Back 56

Shiites

Front 57

Muslim Dynasty that conquered North Africa and Spain and was turned back by the Franks at the battle of Tours.

Back 57

Umayyad Caliphate

Front 58

Non-Arab Muslims were discriminated against by the ____________.

Back 58

Umayyad Caliphate

Front 59

Shiites allied with the non-Arab Muslims overthrew the ___________.

Back 59

Umayyad Caliphate

Front 60

When the Umayyad's were overthrown the new Caliph was a descendent of Muhammad's uncle Abbas and started the ___________.

Back 60

Abbasid Caliphate

Front 61

In 750 the Umayyad Dynasty ended after a rebellion in Persia led by Abu al-Abbas, who founded the ______.

Back 61

Abbasid Caliphate

Front 62

When the Umayyad's were overthrown in 750, one Umayyad escaped and started a separate Umayyad kingdom in ______.

Back 62

Spain

Front 63

The capital of the Abbasid Caliphate was in ____.

Back 63

Baghdad

Front 64

From 756 to 868 the Islamic empire broke into _____.

Back 64

smaller parts

Front 65

All Muslims were to follow the ___________.

Back 65

Five Pillars of Islam

Front 66

Believe and testify that there is no god but Allah and Muhammad is his prophet. Pray five times a day facing Mecca. Give Alms (charity) to the poor. Fast during the daylight hours of Ramadan. Make a pilgrimage to Mecca, if you can afford it, sometime during your lifetime (the hajj).

Back 66

Five Pillars of Islam

Front 67

Bubonic Plague

Back 67

Black Death

Front 68

Spread from southwestern China to Europe in about 1348. Fleas on Rats transmitted in conjunction with Mongol military campaigns and trade.

Back 68

Black Death

Front 69

Killed 90% of Chinese living in the northeast and a third of European population.

Back 69

Black Death

Front 70

Decimated cities and caused people to move to rural areas.

Back 70

Black Death

Front 71

Series of five holy wars, declared by Pope Urban II in 1095, against the Muslims in an effort to recapture Palestine and Jerusalem.

Back 71

Crusades

Front 72

When warriors would go on a crusade and fight on behalf of their faith (wearing crosses sewn onto their backs)

Back 72

"Taking up the Cross"

Front 73

Part of the First Crusade, organized by Peter the Hermit, who gathered a group of poor knights and peasants, who failed to recapture the Holy Land but who generated popular support for the cause.

Back 73

Peasant Crusade

Front 74

Increased cultural diffusion. Europe was reintroduced to Greco-Roman culture, which had been preserved by the Byzantine Empire, and in addition discovered eastern goods such as silk, rice, glass, and coffee.

Back 74

Crusades

Front 75

Led to the development of the High Middle Ages, as demand for "new" goods and ideas increased and led to increased trade; people moved off of manors and there was a development of towns and cities and growth of the power of kings.

Back 75

Crusades

Front 76

The Byzantine Empire, feudal nobles, papal power and the church were all weakened by the ___.

Back 76

Crusades

Front 77

Moved into the Muslim Empire and converted to Islam. In 1055 they captured Baghdad and replaced the Arabs as the ruling class in Islam.

Back 77

Seljuk Turks

Front 78

Defeated the Byzantine Empire at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071, within 10 years they controlled all of Asia Minor.

Back 78

Seljuk Turks

Front 79

Established by Osman when he declared independence from the Seljuk Sultan and began to build a state out of the declining Byzantine Empire.

Back 79

Ottoman Empire

Front 80

In 1453 the Ottoman Turks conquered ______.

Back 80

Constantinople

Front 81

While he was the Sultan from 1520 to 1566 the Ottoman empire enjoyed it's golden age. Ottoman poets, painters, and architects flourished and adapted culture from both the Persians and the Arabs.

Back 81

Suleiman

Front 82

At its height it stretched from Hungary to Arabia and Mesopotamia and across North Africa.

Back 82

Ottoman Empire