Mccurdy World History Ch. 20 Regional Conflicts

Front 1

Many wars and conflicts have arisen over _______.

Back 1

ethnic or religious differences.

Front 2

Religious and ethnic differences have often led to _______.

Back 2

civil wars

Front 3

A war between the people of the same country.

Back 3

civil war

Front 4

Though they have great religious and ethnic diversity they have avoided internal conflict because they have distributed economic and political power among various groups. (2 Southeast Asian nations)

Back 4

Malaysia and Singapore

Front 5

Conflicts occur because one religious or ethnic group believes it is being ________.

Back 5

discriminated against by another group.

Front 6

Were excluded from power by the Sinhalese Buddhists.

Back 6

Hindu Tamils

Front 7

Rebelled against the Sinhalese Buddhists in Sri Lanka

Back 7

Hindu Tamils

Front 8

Would not agree to a ceasefire until 2002 when the Sri Lanka government agreed to negotiations for a separate ______________.

Back 8

Tamil regional government

Front 9

Felt they were mistreated by the English speaking majority in Canada.

Back 9

French speaking people in Quebec

Front 10

French speaking people in Quebec were able to get support for their language and culture through ____.

Back 10

democratic means

Front 11

Won independence from Great Britain in 1922.

Back 11

Ireland

Front 12

Six northern counties which remained apart of Great Britain and had a protestant majority.

Back 12

Northern Ireland

Front 13

Faced economic and political discrimination in Northern Ireland.

Back 13

Catholics

Front 14

The majority faith in the Republic of Ireland.

Back 14

Catholic

Front 15

The Catholics in Northern Ireland wanted Northern Ireland unified with the __________.

Back 15

Republic of Ireland.

Front 16

Attacked Protestants in Northern Ireland and engaged in terrorism against Britain.

Back 16

Irish Republican Army (IRA)

Front 17

Attacked Catholics in Northern Ireland.

Back 17

Protestant militia

Front 18

Protestants and Catholics signed a peace accord in Ireland in 1998.

Back 18

Good Friday Agreement

Front 19

Even after the Good Friday Agreement there were still episodes of violence in ______.

Back 19

Northern Ireland

Front 20

In several former Soviet Republics ethnic minorities fought for freedom from ______.

Back 20

domination by the republics' majority

Front 21

Chechen Muslims fought to free Chechnya from ____.

Back 21

Russia

Front 22

In the mid-1990s Russia brutally crushed a _______.

Back 22

Chechen revolt

Front 23

In 1999 when new fighting erupted Russian troops won control of Grozny the _____.

Back 23

Capital of Chechnya

Front 24

When some Chechens turned to terrorist attacks elsewhere in Russia, Russians claimed the Chechens rebels were linked to _____.

Back 24

Muslim terrorists in other parts of the world.

Front 25

In the 1990s Yugoslavia was torn apart by _______.

Back 25

ethnic, nationalist, & religious tensions.

Front 26

Serbs, Montenegrins, Macedonians, Croats, Slovenes, Bosniaks and Albanians made up the ethnic groups of ___.

Back 26

Yugoslavia

Front 27

Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Macedonia were the _______.

Back 27

six republics of Yugoslavia before 1991

Front 28

Prior to 1991 Yugoslavia was held together by the communist party dominated by _____.

Back 28

Serbia

Front 29

Serbs were the majority in Serbia but were minorities in the other ___.

Back 29

Yugoslav republics

Front 30

Tried in vane to control Yugoslavia after the fall of communism.

Back 30

Serbians

Front 31

After Croatia and Slovenia declared independence from Yugoslavia in 1991 fighting broke out in Croatia between _______.

Back 31

Croats and Serbs

Front 32

By 1992 Macedonia & Bosnia had declared independence from ________.

Back 32

Yugoslavia

Front 33

In 2003 Yugoslavia was renamed _____.

Back 33

Serbia & Montenegro

Front 34

When Bosnia declared independence the Bosnia Serbs fought to set up their own ________.

Back 34

government in Bosnia

Front 35

Bosnia Serbs received money & arms from ______.

Back 35

Serbs in Yugoslavia

Front 36

Fought the Serbs in Bosnia.

Back 36

Muslim Bosniaks

Front 37

Bosnia Serbs engaged in vicious attacks against the Bosniaks called ____.

Back 37

ethnic cleansing

Front 38

Attempts to kill or remove other ethnics to create ethnically "pure" areas.

Back 38

ethnic cleansing

Front 39

Croats attempted it against the Serbs in Croatia.

Back 39

ethnic cleansing

Front 40

Ethnic cleansing sometimes resulted in ______.

Back 40

mass executions

Front 41

The Bosnian Serbs and the other warring parties were forced to negotiate by ______.

Back 41

NATO air strikes

Front 42

Ended the war in Bosnia in 1995.

Back 42

Dayton Accords

Front 43

Serbian province that was 90% Albanian.

Back 43

Kosovo

Front 44

Serbian President who in 1989 began oppressing Kosovar Albanians.

Back 44

Slobodan Milosevic

Front 45

After peaceful protests led to greater repression Albanian guerrillas from Kosovo began in the mid-1990s to attack _____.

Back 45

Serbian targets

Front 46

In 1999, NATO launched strikes against _______.

Back 46

Serbia

Front 47

In Kosovo the Yugoslavian/Serbian military attempted it against the Albanians.

Back 47

ethnic cleansing

Front 48

Forced Yugoslavia to withdraw its forces from Kosovo.

Back 48

NATO air strikes

Front 49

Restored the peace in Kosovo.

Back 49

U.N. & NATO forces

Front 50

Although Kosovo remained a part of Serbia in theory after 1999 it was under the control of the ___.

Back 50

UN

Front 51

When South Africa won independence in 1910, freedom was limited to the minority ________.

Back 51

White settlers

Front 52

Expanded system of racial segregation in South Africa began in 1948.

Back 52

Apartheid

Front 53

The main organization that opposed apartheid and led the struggle for majority rule. Outlawed in 1960.

Back 53

African National Congress (ANC)

Front 54

In 1960 police gunned down 69 men, women, and children during a peaceful demonstration in a black township in South Africa

Back 54

Sharpeville Massacre

Front 55

Pushed the ANC to shift from nonviolent protest to armed struggle.

Back 55

Sharpeville Massacre

Front 56

At first organized young South Africans to peacefully resist apartheid laws.

Back 56

Nelson Mandela

Front 57

As government violence grew he joined militants who called for armed struggle.

Back 57

Nelson Mandela

Front 58

ANC leader.

Back 58

Nelson Mandela

Front 59

Arrested, tried and condemned to life in prison for treason against apartheid.

Back 59

Nelson Mandela

Front 60

Even in prison he was a powerful leader and symbol in the struggle for freedom in South Africa.

Back 60

Nelson Mandela

Front 61

In 1984 a South African bishop who won the Nobel Peace Prize for nonviolent opposition to apartheid.

Back 61

Desmond Tutu

Front 62

South African president pressured to end apartheid.

Back 62

F.W. de Klerk

Front 63

Lifted the ban on the ANC. (1990)

Back 63

F.W. de Klerk

Front 64

Pressured to free Nelson Mandela (1990)

Back 64

F.W. de Klerk

Front 65

In 1994 becomes the country's first true president of a democratic South Africa.

Back 65

Nelson Mandela

Front 66

Since gaining independence from Belgium, in 1962, the central African countries of Rwanda and Burundi have been dominated by the conflict between the _________.

Back 66

Tutsis & Hutus

Front 67

In 1994 when a plane carrying the Hutu presidents of Rwanda & Burundi was shot down Hutu extremists urged civilians to _____.

Back 67

kill their Tutsi & moderate Hutu neighbors

Front 68

In the 1994 massacre in Rwanda about ______.

Back 68

800,000 Tutsi and moderate Hutus were killed.

Front 69

After Tutsi rebels win control in Rwanda in 1994 about 1 million Hutus fearful of revenge became ______.

Back 69

refugees in Zaire & Tanzania

Front 70

North eastern country in Africa, that has an Arab Muslim north dominating a non-Muslim, non-Arab south.

Back 70

Sudan

Front 71

Ethnic conflict causes civil war between the Islamic government and the non-Muslim rebels. (Northeastern African country)

Back 71

Sudan

Front 72

Sudan's western region

Back 72

Darfur

Front 73

Area in Sudan where the government backed Arab militias unleashed terror on non-Arab Muslim people.

Back 73

Darfur

Front 74

African nation won independence in 1975 but because its new government favored the Soviet Union, the U.S. aided the rebel groups fighting the new government.

Back 74

Angola

Front 75

Land Arabs lost to Israel through several wars

Back 75

occupied territories

Front 76

Palestine Liberation Organization

Back 76

PLO

Front 77

Organization leading the Palestinian fight against Israel

Back 77

PLO

Front 78

Head of the PLO (for most of its existence)

Back 78

Yasir Arafat

Front 79

Palestinian revolts in occupied territories

Back 79

intifadas

Front 80

The PLO often used this to attack the Israelis

Back 80

terrorism

Front 81

Israel responded to PLO actions with a strong ______.

Back 81

armed forces

Front 82

Palestinian _____ increased with each Israeli attack.

Back 82

bitterness

Front 83

First female Prime Minister of Israel

Back 83

Golda Meir

Front 84

Arab nations attacked Israel in _____(Year) when Golda Meir was trying to negotiate peace

Back 84

1973

Front 85

Israel returned this region to Egypt in a 1979 peace accord

Back 85

Sinai Peninsula

Front 86

Signed in 1993 after direct talks between Israel and the PLO

Back 86

Oslo Accord

Front 87

Hopes for peace in the Israeli region, center on ending this

Back 87

cycle of violence and retaliation

Front 88

outlined a plan proposing Palestinian self-rule in Gaza and the West Bank in exchange for an end to terrorism

Back 88

Oslo Accord

Front 89

Israeli Prime Minister pushing for peace in the 1990s and assassinated for signing the Oslo Accord

Back 89

Yitzhak Rabin

Front 90

An example of radical Palestinian groups who increased terrorist attacks on Israel after many years of little progress following the Oslo accord

Back 90

Hamas

Front 91

U.S. devised plan involving potential withdrawal of Israelis from Gaza

Back 91

"Road Map to Peace"

Front 92

released hundreds of Palestinian prisoners after the death of Yasir Arafat and new pledges from successor Mahmoud Abbas to end attacks

Back 92

Ariel Sharon

Front 93

Three obstacles to peace between Arabs and Israelis

Back 93

original Palestinian land, Israeli settlements in occupied territories, and Jerusalem

Front 94

City sacred to Jews, Muslims and Christians, capital of Israel

Back 94

Jerusalem

Front 95

Arab-Israeli conflict spilled over into this neighboring nation by the 1970s

Back 95

Lebanon

Front 96

Largest and most powerful group in Lebanon when independence was attained.

Back 96

Arab Christians

Front 97

outnumbered Christians in Lebanon and demanded a greater share of power after Palestinians fled into Lebanon from regions that became Israel

Back 97

Muslims

Front 98

Civil war from 1975 to1990 destroyed this commercial center and allowed an Israeli invasion in the South and Syrian occupation in the East.

Back 98

Lebanon

Front 99

Long history of internal and external conflicts due to oil wealth and ethnic diversity. (Middle East Country)

Back 99

Iraq

Front 100

After WW II Iraq's monarchy had close ties to the _______.

Back 100

United States

Front 101

After the 1958 overthrow of their monarchy, Iraq's rulers developed closer ties with the _______.

Back 101

Soviet Union

Front 102

This minority group dominated the political power of Iraq until the country's free elections in 2005

Back 102

Sunni Arabs

Front 103

Iraq's government responded brutally to this groups fight for control of northern Iraq

Back 103

Kurds

Front 104

seized power in Iraq in 1979 and ruled as a dictator until his regime was overthrown by Coalition forces in 2003

Back 104

Saddam Hussein

Front 105

Took advantage of political turmoil in Iran after that nation's Islamic revolution, seizing disputed border regions between Iran and Iraq. (person)

Back 105

Saddam Hussein

Front 106

Won U.S. support during their prolonged war with Iran in the 1980s mainly because of Iran's bitter opposition to the U.S.

Back 106

Iraq

Front 107

During the Iran-Iraq war Hussein used chemical weapons, killing thousands of civilians in ______ villages

Back 107

Kurdish

Front 108

Iraq's 1990 invasion of this oil-rich nation motivated the U.S. to lead coalition forces in a counterattack in 1991

Back 108

Kuwait

Front 109

Under the UN banner, U.S. led forces quickly liberated Kuwait from Iraqi forces in this 1991 conflict.

Back 109

The Gulf War

Front 110

Used torture, terror and execution to maintain control of Shiites and Kurds in Iraq

Back 110

Saddam Hussein

Front 111

Biological, nuclear and chemical weapons

Back 111

weapons of mass destruction

Front 112

Repeatedly violated no-fly zones and failed to cooperate with UN weapons inspectors.

Back 112

Iraq

Front 113

U.S. and British coalition forces topple Hussein and begin occupation of Iraq in ______. (year)

Back 113

2003

Front 114

In 2005 free elections, this majority group won control of the government for the first time in Iraq's history.

Back 114

Shiites

Front 115

Efforts to rebuild Iraq are hampered by these rebels targeting foreigners or Iraqi's cooperating with foreign troops

Back 115

insurgents