Mccurdy Us History Second Semester All Terms

Front 1

FDR's broad program to spur economic recovery and provide relief for Americans.

Back 1

New Deal

Front 2

Roosevelt's relief, recovery, and reform program to pull the nation out of the Depression.

Back 2

New Deal

Front 3

She helped FDR by reporting on conditions in the country.

Back 3

Eleanor Roosevelt

Front 4

President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's wife.

Back 4

Eleanor Roosevelt

Front 5

Defied her traditional role by actively and aggressively promoting the New Deal.

Back 5

Eleanor Roosevelt

Front 6

Early in his administration, FDR pushed many programs through Congress in the period known as the ___.

Back 6

hundred days

Front 7

To inspect the financial health of the banks FDR declared a ______.

Back 7

"bank holiday"

Front 8

After the "bank holiday" American began to regain confidence in banks and began to put more into their accounts than they ____.

Back 8

took out

Front 9

Was established in 1933 to insure bank deposits.

Back 9

FDIC

Front 10

FDIC

Back 10

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

Front 11

In 1933 it required companies to provide information about their finances if they offered stock for sale.

Back 11

Federal Securities Act

Front 12

In 1934 it was set up to regulate the stock Market.

Back 12

Securities and Exchange Commission

Front 13

FDR hoped to stimulate the economy in 1933 by decreasing the value of U.S. currency by taking it off the _______.

Back 13

gold standard

Front 14

Was created to help overburdened local relief agencies by providing them with federal funds.

Back 14

Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)

Front 15

To help people who were out of work, the FERA put federal money into _____.

Back 15

public works programs

Front 16

Government-funded projects to build public facilities, part of FDR's New Deal.

Back 16

public works programs

Front 17

Put more than 2.5 million young, unmarried men to work maintaining forests, beaches, and parks.

Back 17

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

Front 18

Was intended to help business by bolstering industrial prices.

Back 18

National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)

Front 19

Was created by the NIRA to balance the unstable economy through extensive planning.

Back 19

National Recovery Administration

Front 20

Created Codes which were intended to insure fair business practices, including controlling working conditions, production, prices, and setting a minimum wage.

Back 20

National Recovery Administration

Front 21

Established a forum in which business and government officials met to set regulations for fair competition.

Back 21

National Recovery Administration

Front 22

New Deal agency created to help businesses.

Back 22

National Recovery Administration

Front 23

Roosevelt attempted to help business by stabilizing industrial _____.

Back 23

prices

Front 24

Refinanced mortgages- I.e. changed the terms of the mortgages-to make them more manageable.

Back 24

Home Owners' Loan Corporation

Front 25

Created in 1933, controlled the production of crops, and thus prices, by offering subsidies to farmers who would agree to take land out of production.

Back 25

Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)

Front 26

Many people were upset about the AAA because it was taking land out of production when many people were going ____.

Back 26

hungry

Front 27

Roosevelt's programs helped farmers by giving them ________.

Back 27

financial assistance

Front 28

Worked to develop energy production sites and conserve resources in the Tennessee Valley.

Back 28

Tennessee Valley Authority

Front 29

Project that helped farmers and created jobs by reactivating a hydroelectric power facility.

Back 29

Tennessee Valley Authority

Front 30

It provided new jobs, cheap electric power, flood control, and recreation for the region.

Back 30

Tennessee Valley Authority

Front 31

One of the most influential men in the New Deal who was the director of FERA.

Back 31

Harry Hopkins

Front 32

Informal group of intellectuals who helped devise New Deal policies.

Back 32

"brain trust"

Front 33

Federal Council on Negro affairs, an unofficial group of African American officeholders.

Back 33

"black cabinet"

Front 34

Former President Hoover warned against "a state-controlled or state directed social or economic system…That is not liberalism: it is ______."

Back 34

tyranny

Front 35

In 1935, the Supreme Court declared the NIRA (including the NRA) and the AAA to be _________.

Back 35

unconstitutional

Front 36

After the midterm elections of 1934 showed overwhelming nationwide support for FDR's administration, in 1935 he launched new even bolder legislation known as the _____.

Back 36

Second New Deal

Front 37

A second wave of legislation in 1935 including more social welfare benefits.

Back 37

the Second New Deal

Front 38

New legislation aimed primarily at helping ordinary Americans.

Back 38

the Second New Deal

Front 39

Included more social welfare benefits, stricter controls over business, stronger support for unions, and higher taxes on the rich.

Back 39

the Second New Deal

Front 40

Much of the $5 billion allocated to FDR by the Emergency Relief Allocation Act of 1935 went to the creation of the ______.

Back 40

Works Progress Administration (WPA)

Front 41

Over eight years, IT provided work for the unemployed of all backgrounds, from industrial engineers to authors and artists.

Back 41

Works Progress Administration (WPA)

Front 42

Partially owing to WPA efforts, IT fell by over five percent between 1935 and 1937.

Back 42

unemployment

Front 43

It provided federal protection of the activities of labor unions.

Back 43

Wagner Act

Front 44

Legislation that strengthened the rights of labor unions.

Back 44

Wagner Act

Front 45

Legalized union practices such as collective bargaining and the closed shop.

Back 45

Wagner Act

Front 46

Workplaces open only to union members.

Back 46

closed shops

Front 47

Program that provided old-age pensions for workers, unemployment insurance, and other benefits.

Back 47

Social Security System

Front 48

Funded through contributions from employers and workers, IT established several types of social insurance.

Back 48

Social Security System

Front 49

A way of providing financial support for those who could not support themselves.

Back 49

Social Security System

Front 50

When Roosevelt ran for reelection in 1936 he _______.

Back 50

won by a landslide

Front 51

Republican governor of Kansas who ran against FDR in 1936.

Back 51

Alfred Landon

Front 52

The problems of domestic workers (often women) were not addressed by the _____.

Back 52

New Deal

Front 53

Many criticized the New Deal for going too far in its attempts to reform the economy.

Back 53

Republicans

Front 54

Group that spearheaded much of the opposition to the New Deal.

Back 54

American Liberty League

Front 55

Some of FDR's critics opposed Social Security claiming that it penalized successful, hardworking people by forcing them to ____

Back 55

pay into the system

Front 56

Members of the American Liberty League believed the New Deal limited individual freedom and smacked of ________.

Back 56

"Bolshevism"

Front 57

The Bolsheviks from Russia were _____.

Back 57

Communists

Front 58

The Republicans and the American Liberty League thought the New Deal went _______.

Back 58

too far

Front 59

Many progressives did not believe the New Deal did enough to ___________.

Back 59

redistribute wealth

Front 60

Progressives and socialists did not believe the New Deal went ______.

Back 60

far enough

Front 61

Muckraking novelist who believed socialist solutions were necessary to cure the nation.

Back 61

Upton Sinclair

Front 62

Roman Catholic priest who became a national figure in the 1930s by using his radio broadcast to first to attack the financial leaders he believed caused the depression and later FDR himself.

Back 62

Father Coughlin

Front 63

When he began issuing anti-Jewish statements and voicing support for Hitler and Mussolini he was ordered by the Catholic Church to stop broadcasting his show.

Back 63

Father Coughlin

Front 64

Senator from Louisiana, vocal critic of the New Deal, his "Share Our Wealth" program sought a large redistribution of wealth, he was eventually assassinated.

Back 64

Huey Long

Front 65

Both Huey Long and Father Charles E. Coughlin are often referred to as _______.

Back 65

demagogues

Front 66

Those who manipulate people with half-truths and scare tactics.

Back 66

demagogues

Front 67

When the government spends more money in its annual budget than it receives in revenues during the year.

Back 67

Federal deficit

Front 68

The total amount of borrowed money the federal government has yet to pay back.

Back 68

national debt

Front 69

Some people were critical of deficit spending and the New Deal because they believe, they violated America's traditional system of a _____.

Back 69

free market

Front 70

Because the Supreme Court had frustrated him by declaring the NIRA & the AAA unconstitutional FDR proposed a court-reform bill in 1937 intended to add six new judges to the court who were _____.

Back 70

favorable to the New Deal

Front 71

FDR's action that aroused the greatest opposition.

Back 71

the attempt to "pack" the Supreme Court

Front 72

Opposition to FDR's court packing attempt forced him to _______.

Back 72

withdraw his bill

Front 73

Opposition to his court "packing" bill and the New Deal resulted in a new alliance between Republicans and _________.

Back 73

Southern Democrats

Front 74

In 1937 FDR cut back on expensive relief programs because he was worried about the rising _______.

Back 74

national debt

Front 75

The recession of 1937 was caused in part by increased federal _______.

Back 75

borrowing

Front 76

The recession of 1937 was caused in part by reduced consumer _____.

Back 76

spending

Front 77

Though it did not end the Depression the massive government spending of the New Deal did lead to some ________.

Back 77

short-term economic improvement

Front 78

Legislation that allowed collective bargaining and set up a National Labor Relations Board.

Back 78

Wagner Act

Front 79

In the short run, IT led to a rise in union membership and a wave of strikes.

Back 79

Wagner Act

Front 80

Under the New Deal labor unions grew stronger because they were given _____.

Back 80

legal protection

Front 81

Sit-down strikes were so successful that the Supreme Court _______.

Back 81

outlawed them

Front 82

Strikes in which the workers refuse to leave the factory in an attempt to shut down production.

Back 82

sit-down strikes

Front 83

In the late 1930s, THEY often provided a temporary escape for struggling Americans.

Back 83

movies

Front 84

The most important function of movies during the depression was to provide theater-goers with a temporary ________.

Back 84

escape

Front 85

Unemployed artists received funds and support from the _______.

Back 85

Works Progress Administration (WPA)

Front 86

One of the greatest parts of the New Deal legacy was a restored sense of ______.

Back 86

hope

Front 87

The Tennessee Valley Authority, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, and the Securities and Exchange Commission were all New Deal agencies that still _____.

Back 87

endure today

Front 88

Extreme Nationalism, State supremacy, one party rule, retention of private property

Back 88

Fascism

Front 89

Want a planned economy with private ownership of the means of production

Back 89

Fascists

Front 90

Philosophy that emphasizes the importance of the nation or an ethnic group and the supreme authority of the leader.

Back 90

fascism

Front 91

Want a planned economy with public ownership of the means of production

Back 91

Communists

Front 92

Want to maintain the class system with an authoritarian government

Back 92

Fascists

Front 93

Want to do away with the class system with an authoritarian government.

Back 93

Communists

Front 94

Believed workers of all countries should unite in a class struggle

Back 94

communists

Front 95

Fascists believed the state should have an ______ leader

Back 95

authoritarian

Front 96

Both Fascists and Communists believe in

Back 96

Dictatorial one-party rule

Front 97

Under Fascism and Communism opposition was _____-

Back 97

outlawed'

Front 98

A one-party dictatorship attempts to control every aspect of citizens' lives.

Back 98

totalitarian state

Front 99

Under Joseph Stalin, the Soviet Union developed into a _________.

Back 99

totalitarian state

Front 100

In the Soviet Union the government made most economic decisions.

Back 100

command economy

Front 101

Stalin wanted all peasants to farm on state owned farms.

Back 101

collectives

Front 102

Because farmers resisted collectivization Stalin seized all their grain and left peasants to starve.

Back 102

Terror Famine

Front 103

Fearing rival party leaders were plotting against him Stalin launched the _________.

Back 103

Great Purge

Front 104

Resulted in the killing or imprisonment of at least four million people in the Soviet Union.

Back 104

Great Purge

Front 105

Joseph Stalin dominated the Soviet Union by using tactics of __________.

Back 105

terror and purges

Front 106

Stalin attempted to modernized agriculture in the Soviet Union through _____.

Back 106

collectivization

Front 107

In order to modernize agriculture in the Soviety Union, Joseph Stalin combined small family farms into ___________ run by the state.

Back 107

collective farms

Front 108

Leader of the Soviet Union during World War II.

Back 108

Joseph Stalin

Front 109

Historical event that contributed to the rise of fascism in both Italy and Germany, and the rise of totalitarianism in the Soviet Union.

Back 109

World War I

Front 110

First European country to become fascist.

Back 110

Italy

Front 111

Fascist Party leader who became dictator of Italy.

Back 111

Benito Mussolini

Front 112

Feared high inflation and or high unemployment might lead to a communist revolution

Back 112

middle and upper class

Front 113

Have the most to lose in a communist revolution

Back 113

middle and upper class

Front 114

Middle and upper classes supported Mussolini because they feared a ______-

Back 114

communist revolution

Front 115

Won support in Italy by attacking communists

Back 115

Benito Mussolini

Front 116

Nickname for Mussolini's private troops he used to take power in Italy

Back 116

Black shirts

Front 117

Fascist gang in Italy.

Back 117

Blackshirts

Front 118

He used gangs of Fascist thugs to terrorize his opponents in Italy.

Back 118

Benito Mussolini

Front 119

Mussolini and his Black shirts marched on Rome in _______ (year)

Back 119

1922

Front 120

When Mussolini marched on Rome the Italian King asked him to form a government as ______.

Back 120

Prime Minister

Front 121

After Mussolini was named Prime Minister he used secret police and propaganda to ______-

Back 121

eliminate all opposition

Front 122

During the 1930s Italy, Germany, and Japan all sought to solve their nations problems through ______.

Back 122

conquest

Front 123

Both Mussolini and Hitler saw expansion of their territory as a way to increase ______.

Back 123

national pride

Front 124

Did not completely destroy Germany but created a motive for revenge.

Back 124

Versailles Treaty

Front 125

Germany's solution to war reparations following WWI.

Back 125

Printing money

Front 126

Just printing money resulted in extremely high _______.

Back 126

inflation

Front 127

Economic problem in Germany from 1918-23.

Back 127

inflation

Front 128

Democratic Government set up in Germany after WWI.

Back 128

Weimar Republic

Front 129

Became a scapegoat for Germany's problems after WWI.

Back 129

Weimar Republic

Front 130

Germans blamed the Weimar Republic for their __________.

Back 130

defeat in World War I

Front 131

Was doomed to failure by the harshness of the Versailles Treaty.

Back 131

Weimar Republic

Front 132

When difficulties arise people are often willing to sacrifice democracy in exchange for _________.

Back 132

strong leadership

Front 133

By the autumn of 1923 it was worthless

Back 133

German Mark (unit of currency)

Front 134

Enabled Germany to recover from its tremendous inflation

Back 134

Dawes Plan

Front 135

$200 million loan from American banks to stabilize German economy.

Back 135

Dawes Plan

Front 136

National Socialist German Worker's Party

Back 136

Nazi

Front 137

Became the fuehrer (leader) of the Nazi Party.

Back 137

Adolf Hitler

Front 138

Attempted a coup in Munich in 1923

Back 138

Adolf Hitler

Front 139

After the attempted coup in 1923 Hitler was

Back 139

Imprisoned

Front 140

While in prison Hitler wrote ______-

Back 140

Mein Kampf

Front 141

Title of Hitler's autobiography.

Back 141

Mein Kampf

Front 142

Set forth Hitler's objectives for Germany

Back 142

Mein Kampf

Front 143

Nazism was an extreme form of _____.

Back 143

fascism

Front 144

Lost popularity during the prosperity of the 1920s

Back 144

Nazis

Front 145

Results in both Communists and Nazis gaining popularity in the 1930s

Back 145

Great Depression

Front 146

Because of the depression Germans began to feel they had to choose between _______

Back 146

Communism and Nazism

Front 147

Nazi private army

Back 147

Storm Troopers

Front 148

Engaged in terrorism to help the Nazis come to power

Back 148

Storm Troopers

Front 149

Nickname for the Nazi Storm Troopers

Back 149

Brown Shirts

Front 150

German initials for Storm Troopers

Back 150

SA

Front 151

Industrialists, upper class and the middle class backed Hitler because they feared they might lose everything to a ______

Back 151

communist revolution

Front 152

Ruling body under the Weimar Republic.

Back 152

Reichstag

Front 153

In 1933 President Hindenburg named Hitler

Back 153

Chancellor

Front 154

As Chancellor Hitler called for new______

Back 154

Reichstag elections

Front 155

Enabled the Nazis and their allies to win a majority of seats in the Reichstag.

Back 155

Reichstag Fire

Front 156

The Nazis blamed the Reichstag fire on the _____

Back 156

Communists

Front 157

After gaining a two-third majority the Nazi's passed the ______-

Back 157

Enabling Act

Front 158

The Enabling Act made Hitler the ______

Back 158

Dictator of Germany

Front 159

The Axis Powers were named for the "axis" between _______.

Back 159

Berlin and Rome

Front 160

During the 1930s, Hitler, Mussolini, and the military leaders of Japan began _______.

Back 160

invading neighboring lands

Front 161

In 1936 Italy conquered

Back 161

Ethiopia

Front 162

Keeping the peace by giving into an aggressor's demands.

Back 162

appeasement

Front 163

When Hitler first began to violate the Treaty of Versailles, Britain and France followed a policy of _______.

Back 163

Appeasement

Front 164

Policy followed by Britain and France in the 1930s in an attempt to prevent war by giving into some of Germany's demands.

Back 164

appeasement

Front 165

Hitler began to violate it provisions step by step.

Back 165

Versailles Treaty

Front 166

First violation of the Versailles Treaty.

Back 166

German Rearmament

Front 167

After Hitler rearmed his second violation of the Versailles Treaty was to occupy the demilitarized zone of the _______.

Back 167

Rhineland

Front 168

Hitler annexed Austria with _______.

Back 168

no resistance

Front 169

Britain & France give up the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia to maintain peace.

Back 169

Munich Pact

Front 170

Germany, Italy, and Japan (1936)

Back 170

Axis Powers

Front 171

Led revolt against the elected government in Spain.

Back 171

Francisco Franco

Front 172

Used German and Italian troops against Spain's Republican army.

Back 172

Francisco Franco

Front 173

During Spain's civil war western democracies _____.

Back 173

remained neutral

Front 174

The government established by Franco in Spain was _______.

Back 174

Fascist

Front 175

Spanish military dictator.

Back 175

Francisco Franco

Front 176

British Prime Minister famous for appeasement.

Back 176

Neville Chamberlain

Front 177

British Prime Minister who signed a peace accord in Munich.

Back 177

Neville Chamberlain

Front 178

Hitler violated the Munich Pact by taking ____.

Back 178

all of Czechoslovakia

Front 179

Government that exerts total control over a nation.

Back 179

totalitarianism

Front 180

Germany and Italy, later joined by Japan.

Back 180

Axis Powers

Front 181

The term Hitler used for more living space for Germans.

Back 181

Lebensraum

Front 182

Although Communists and Fascists were traditionally enemies, in 1939 Hitler made a nonaggression pact with _____.

Back 182

Joseph Stalin

Front 183

After Hitler had invaded Czechoslovakia and made a pact with Stalin, he invaded ____.

Back 183

Poland

Front 184

World War II started when Germany _____.

Back 184

invaded Poland

Front 185

Date of the beginning of World War II.

Back 185

1939

Front 186

German "lightning war"

Back 186

Blitzkrieg

Front 187

Quick surprise strikes by tanks supported by airplanes.

Back 187

Blitzkrieg

Front 188

Germany's tactic of striking quickly and deeply into enemy territory.

Back 188

blitzkrieg

Front 189

When invading Poland Hitler used the _____.

Back 189

blitzkrieg

Front 190

After Hitler invaded Poland, Britain and France __________.

Back 190

declared war on Germany

Front 191

Followed Britain and France declaring war on Germany.

Back 191

Phony War

Front 192

No fighting on land between the Allies and Germany.

Back 192

Phony War

Front 193

Those who fought against the Axis Powers.

Back 193

Allies

Front 194

Hitler's armies simply went around it from the North.

Back 194

Maginot Line

Front 195

Hitler used the Blitzkrieg to overrun this country in about a month in 1940.

Back 195

France

Front 196

British rescued 300,000 troops out of France at this port.

Back 196

Dunkirk

Front 197

In 1940, one of the greatest rescues in the history of warfare occurred at _______.

Back 197

Dunkirk

Front 198

Northern France was occupied by _____.

Back 198

Germany

Front 199

In Southern France the Germans set up a puppet government at _____.

Back 199

Vichy

Front 200

Policy followed by the Vichy government of France after Hitler conquered France.

Back 200

collaboration

Front 201

Close cooperation

Back 201

collaboration

Front 202

French government in exile in London.

Back 202

Free France

Front 203

Movement backed by the Free French.

Back 203

Resistance

Front 204

French underground movement to oppose the Germans.

Back 204

Resistance

Front 205

By 1940 Germany had gained control of most of __________.

Back 205

Western Europe

Front 206

Succeeded Neville Chamberlain as Britain's Prime Minister.

Back 206

Winston Churchill

Front 207

Hitler wanted to crush this country's air force to prepare to invade it.

Back 207

Britain

Front 208

The British RAF defeated the German Luftwaffe.

Back 208

Battle of Britain

Front 209

Battle in which Hitler launched the greatest air assault the world had yet seen.

Back 209

Battle of Britain

Front 210

New technology used by Britain in the Battle of Britain.

Back 210

Radar

Front 211

German Air Force.

Back 211

Luftwaffe

Front 212

RAF

Back 212

Royal Air Force

Front 213

Commander of the Luftwaffe

Back 213

Herman Goering

Front 214

Prevented a German invasion of Britain.

Back 214

Battle of Britain

Front 215

Great Britain held out against the German attack at the Battle of _____.

Back 215

Britain

Front 216

He inspired the British people to resist the German invasion.

Back 216

Winston Churchill

Front 217

When Hitler decided Germany needed more lebensraum he looked to the _____.

Back 217

east

Front 218

Head of the Soviet Union during WWII.

Back 218

Joseph Stalin

Front 219

After Hitler was unable to invade Britain he broke his non-aggression pact and invaded ____.

Back 219

the Soviet Union

Front 220

Ripped through the Soviet Union at first.

Back 220

Blitzkrieg

Front 221

The group of countries who opposed the Axis Powers.

Back 221

Allies

Front 222

In 1853 he sailed into Tokyo Bay and forced helped force the Japanese to open trade with foreigners.

Back 222

Matthew Perry

Front 223

By the beginning of World War I it had become the strongest East Asian nation.

Back 223

Japan

Front 224

The Japanese Army acted on its own to overrun the whole of Manchuria.

Back 224

Manchurian Incident

Front 225

In 1932, Manchuria was taken over by the _____.

Back 225

Japanese military

Front 226

The Manchurian Incident greatly increased ITS power over the Japanese government.

Back 226

Japanese military

Front 227

Puppet state after Manchuria was concquered by Japan.

Back 227

Manchukuo

Front 228

Date of the Manchurian Incident.

Back 228

1931

Front 229

In July of 1937, Japan resumed its invasion of ______.

Back 229

China

Front 230

Japanese soldiers brutalized or killed at least 100,000 civilians women or children in the former capital of China.

Back 230

"Rape of Nanjing"

Front 231

Britain sent a steady streamof supplies to the Chinese in their war with Japan over the _____.

Back 231

Burma Road

Front 232

A 700-mile-long highway linking Burma (present day Myanmar) to China.

Back 232

Burma Road

Front 233

Two enemy leaders in China who united to fight the Japanese.

Back 233

Jiang Jieshi & Mao Zedong

Front 234

Was created by Japan because it wanted the region's natural resources for its war against China.

Back 234

Greater East Asia-Co-Prosperity Sphere

Front 235

In September 1940, Japan allied itself with the _____.

Back 235

Axis Powers

Front 236

Avoiding political ties to other countries.

Back 236

isolationism

Front 237

After World War I Americans became ____.

Back 237

isolationists

Front 238

U.S. laws designed to keep the nation out of future wars.

Back 238

Neutrality Acts

Front 239

Group of American isolationists

Back 239

America First Committee

Front 240

Policy that required countries at war to pay casy for all nonmilitary goods and provide transport.

Back 240

cash and carry

Front 241

The America First Committee wanted to block any further ________.

Back 241

aid to Britain

Front 242

During the 1930s, the U.S. focused largely on ______.

Back 242

domestic affairs

Front 243

Were passed by congress and designed to limit international involvement.

Back 243

Neutrality Acts

Front 244

A group of isolationists that included Charles Lindbergh formed the ______.

Back 244

America First Committee

Front 245

Authorized the President to aid any nation whose defense was seen as vital to American security.

Back 245

Lend-Lease Act

Front 246

Act authorizing the President to aid any nation's whose defense he felt was vital to American security.

Back 246

Lend-Lease Act

Front 247

Part of American policy during the early years of WWII was to remain neutral while making war supplies _______.

Back 247

available to the Allies

Front 248

During the early years of WWII, even while supllying weapons to Britain and France the U.S. attempted to remain ______.

Back 248

neutral

Front 249

After Japanese forces took complete control of French Indochina FDR froze Japanese ______.

Back 249

financial assets in the U.S.

Front 250

After their assets were frozen in the U.S. the Japanese looked to the _______.

Back 250

Dutch East Indies for oil

Front 251

Militant Japanese general became prime minister in October of 1941.

Back 251

Tojo Hideki

Front 252

Japanese leaders believed they could cripple IT at Pearl Harbor.

Back 252

American naval fleet

Front 253

Prompted the U.S. to enter the war in 1941.

Back 253

Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor

Front 254

Shortly after Congress passed a war declaration on Japan, __________.

Back 254

Germany and Italy declared war on the U.S.

Front 255

Brought the U.S. into World War II.

Back 255

Bombing of Pearl Harbor

Front 256

Planned and executed the attack on Pearl Harbor.

Back 256

Admiral Yamamoto

Front 257

The U.S. entered World War II in ________. (year)

Back 257

1941

Front 258

The Selective Service Act in 1940 was the first U.S. _________.

Back 258

peacetime draft

Front 259

The Selective Training and Service Act required military service registration for all males between the ages of ______.

Back 259

21 and 36

Front 260

Referred to U.S. servicemen.

Back 260

GI

Front 261

Abbreviation of "Government Issue."

Back 261

GI

Front 262

To meet the demand for war material, the American government directed the _______.

Back 262

war production of businesses

Front 263

Super-agency established to centralize agencies dealing with war production.

Back 263

Office of War Mobilization

Front 264

It was created by President Roosevelt to centralize agencies dealing with war production.

Back 264

Office of War Mobilization

Front 265

Ford Motor Company converted from making cars to making _____.

Back 265

bombers

Front 266

He used mass production techniques to build Liberty ships.

Back 266

Henry Kaiser

Front 267

Vessels built in the U.S. that usually carried troops or war supplies.

Back 267

Liberty Ships

Front 268

Henry J. Kaiser contributed to the war effort through his revolutionary ______.

Back 268

production techniques

Front 269

Producing goods for the Allied forces caused the U.S. to begin to emerge from the _____

Back 269

Depression

Front 270

As a result of war production, employment increased and union membership _______.

Back 270

rose

Front 271

Two weeks after Pearl Harbor, labor and business representatives agreed to refrain from _____.

Back 271

strikes and lockouts

Front 272

When an employer keeps employees out of the workplace to avoid meeting their demands.

Back 272

lockout

Front 273

As the cost of living rose during the war unions found the no-strike agreement ______.

Back 273

hard to honor

Front 274

During the war, the most serious union-organized strikes took place in the ____.

Back 274

coal mines

Front 275

Work stoppages organized by workers and not endorsed by unions.

Back 275

wildcat strikes

Front 276

Bond drives, raising income tax, and deficit spending were all used to _______.

Back 276

finance the war

Front 277

Government savings notes bought by Americans to help finance World War II.

Back 277

war bonds

Front 278

Using borrowed money to finance war production is an example of what type of spending?

Back 278

deficit

Front 279

Borrowing money was a type of deficit spending used to ________.

Back 279

finance the war

Front 280

To make sure there was enough goods to supply the soldiers during world war II many goods were _____.

Back 280

rationed

Front 281

Americans were prevented from spending the high wages they earned in wartime jobs because of shortages of _________.

Back 281

consumer items

Front 282

Was established to both control war time inflation and oversee rationing.

Back 282

Office of Price Administration

Front 283

Agency set up to boost Americans' patriotism and sense of participation in the war effort.

Back 283

Office of War Information

Front 284

Patriotism and high morale characterized popular culture on the _______.

Back 284

home front

Front 285

Home project that raised about one third of the nation's vegetables during World War II.

Back 285

victory gardens

Front 286

A home vegetable garden planted to add to the home food supply and replace produce sent to soldiers.

Back 286

victory gardens

Front 287

Drawn up by Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill in August of 1941 IT established their joint aims and a set of principals for conducting the war.

Back 287

Atlantic Charter

Front 288

Roosevelt and Churchill first agreed on the strategy to concentrate on winning the _____.

Back 288

war in Europe

Front 289

Organization formed after World War II on the basis of the Atlantic Charter.

Back 289

United Nations

Front 290

Created at the end of World War II to keep the peace.

Back 290

United Nations

Front 291

Naval battle that pitted the U.S. and British navies against Germany.

Back 291

Battle of the Atlantic

Front 292

The U.S. and British Navy fought to keep THEM open because they were critical to British survival.

Back 292

Atlantic trade routes

Front 293

Were led by American and British warships to protect supply ships.

Back 293

Convoys

Front 294

Groups of as many as 20 German U-boats that carried out coordinated night-time attacks on convoys.

Back 294

wolf packs

Front 295

Resulted in German U-boat success rate plummeting.

Back 295

Long range sub-hunting aircraft

Front 296

Americans and British troops first fought together in ______. (place)

Back 296

North Africa

Front 297

Desert Fox, German General who at first had great success against the Allies in North Africa, eventually his army was driven back and forced to surrender.

Back 297

Erwin Rommel

Front 298

Rommel's threat to Egypt and the Suez Canal was halted in 1942 by the British under General Bernard Montgomery at ______.

Back 298

El Alamein

Front 299

On June 22, 1941 3.6 million German and other Axis troops invaded the _____.

Back 299

Soviet Union

Front 300

As the Soviet army was driven back by the Blitzkrieg it carried out a policy of _____.

Back 300

scorched earth

Front 301

In retreat destroying everything which might be useful to the enemy.

Back 301

scorched earth

Front 302

By the autumn of 1941, Germany had reached both ________.

Back 302

Moscow and Leningrad

Front 303

Wanted the U.S. & Britain to open a second front in France. (person)

Back 303

Joseph Stalin

Front 304

Even though Stalin desperately wanted the British and the U.S. to open a second front in France, to ease pressure on the Soviet Union, Churchill persuaded Roosevelt to invade _____.

Back 304

Italy

Front 305

After the Allies gained control of Africa, their next target was ____.

Back 305

Italy

Front 306

From North Africa the Allies attacked ______. (in 1943)

Back 306

Sicily and Italy

Front 307

Germany's advance in the Soviet Union in 1941 was halted by the ________.

Back 307

Russian winter

Front 308

In the summer of 1942 the Germans started a new offensive in the _________.

Back 308

Soviet Union

Front 309

In 1942 the Red Army made its stand at _____.

Back 309

Stalingrad

Front 310

In Stalingrad the Red Army defeated the Germans in _______.

Back 310

house to house combat

Front 311

Taking advantage of the Russian Winter the Soviets counter attacked at Stalingrad and on January 31, 1943 the ______.

Back 311

Germans surrendered

Front 312

Germans were finally halted in their advance into the Soviet Union at the _________.

Back 312

Battle of Stalingrad

Front 313

Turning point of the war in the Soviet Union.

Back 313

Battle of Stalingrad

Front 314

Defeated Germany in Russia. (a major factor)

Back 314

Russian Winter

Front 315

After the Germans started bombing cities in the battle of Britain both sides began to attack ___.

Back 315

civilian targets

Front 316

In the spring of 1943 in preparation for an eventual invasion of France the allies stepped up their bombing by _____.

Back 316

airplanes

Front 317

Technique by which planes scattered large numbers of bombs.

Back 317

carpet bombing

Front 318

In a technique developed by Britain's Royal Air Force, planes scattered bombs over widespread areas.

Back 318

carpet bombing

Front 319

Main cause of the loss of civilian lives.

Back 319

bombing by airplanes

Front 320

Beginning of the end of the war in Europe.

Back 320

Invasion of Normandy

Front 321

The Allied invasion of France forced Hitler to fight a war on _____.

Back 321

two fronts

Front 322

Beginning of the invasion of Normandy.

Back 322

D-Day

Front 323

Year of D-Day.

Back 323

1944

Front 324

Commanding General of the invasion of Normandy.

Back 324

Dwight Eisenhower

Front 325

Beginning of the Allied invasion to take back Europe from the Axis Powers.

Back 325

D-Day

Front 326

The beginning of the landing of Allied forces on France's Normandy coast.

Back 326

D-Day

Front 327

In December of 1944 Germany launched a counter attack which resulted in a bulge in the Allied lines and the __________.

Back 327

Battle of the Bulge

Front 328

Largest battle fought in Western Europe during World War II.

Back 328

Battle of the Bulge

Front 329

After the Battle of the Bulge most Nazi leaders recognized that the war was ______.

Back 329

lost

Front 330

Soviets and Americans met in Germany at the _______.

Back 330

River Elbe

Front 331

Hitler commits suicide, Germany surrenders.

Back 331

V.E. Day

Front 332

On May 8, 1945 it marked the end of the war in Europe.

Back 332

V-E Day

Front 333

Roosevelt, Churchill, & Stalin met to plan the end of the war.

Back 333

Yalta Conference

Front 334

At Yalta Stalin promised to allow THEM in the nations of Eastern Europe that his army had liberated from Germany.

Back 334

free elections

Front 335

After IT surrendered the Allies decided to divide it into four parts, to be governed by Britain, the U.S., the Soviets, and France.

Back 335

Germany

Front 336

Hitler believed they were a master race.

Back 336

Aryans

Front 337

Discrimination or hostility, often violent toward Jews.

Back 337

anti-Semitism

Front 338

To get rid of the Jews was one of THEIR main goals in the 1930s.

Back 338

Nazis

Front 339

Stripped the Jews of their German citizenship.

Back 339

Nuremberg Laws

Front 340

The night during which Nazi thugs, carrying out the first organized attacks on Jews, looted and destroyed Jewish stores, houses, and synagogues.

Back 340

Kristallnacht

Front 341

At the Wannsee Conference it was decided that to kill all the Jews was the "_____."

Back 341

final solution to the Jewish question

Front 342

Conference where the Nazis decided on the "final solution."

Back 342

Wannsee Conference

Front 343

Hitler's plan to murder all the Jews.

Back 343

"Final Solution"

Front 344

Nazi Germany's systematic murder of European Jews.

Back 344

Holocaust

Front 345

Nazis sent Jews and political opponents to ____.

Back 345

Concentration camps

Front 346

Nazis forced Jews, poles, & Soviet Slavs to work as _____.

Back 346

slave labor

Front 347

Carried out Hitler's policy of exterminating the Jews.

Back 347

SS

Front 348

A type of concentration camp that existed only for mass murder.

Back 348

death camp

Front 349

Death camp in Poland where 4 million inmates mostly Jews were murdered.

Back 349

Auschwitz

Front 350

Number of Jews killed in the Holocaust

Back 350

6 million

Front 351

In April of 1943, the Jews in Warsaw engaged in a month-long revolt against _______.

Back 351

deportation to Treblinka (death camp)

Front 352

Finally created by Roosevelt in 1944, to try to help the Jews in Germany.

Back 352

the War Refugee Board

Front 353

Nazis tried for war crimes.

Back 353

Nuremburg Trials

Front 354

The concept that individuals are responsible for their own actions, and can't simply claim that they were following orders came out of the ___.

Back 354

Nuremberg Trials

Front 355

Just hours after they bombed Pearl Harbor, the Japanese attacked Clark Field an American air base in the ________.

Back 355

Philippines

Front 356

When the Japanese advanced against his troops in the Philippines he was forced to leave.

Back 356

General MacArthur

Front 357

Promised "I shall return," to the Philippines.

Back 357

General Douglas MacArthur

Front 358

After the fall of the Philippines to Japan out of the 600,000 U.S. and Filipino prisoners, forced to march 70 miles to prison camps, over 100,000 died of starvation and maltreatment.

Back 358

Bataan Death March

Front 359

First air raid on Tokyo did little physical damage but shocked Japan and boosted Allied morale.

Back 359

Doolittle Raid

Front 360

The battles of the Coral Sea, Midway, and Guadalcanal were all fought in the ______.

Back 360

Pacific

Front 361

Allied victory that prevented the Japanese from establishing the bases they needed to invade Australia.

Back 361

Battle of the Coral Sea

Front 362

Critical new naval weapon of WWII.

Back 362

Aircraft Carrier

Front 363

Turning point in the Pacific War.

Back 363

Battle of Midway

Front 364

Commander of the American Pacific fleet, directed the victory at the Battle of Midway.

Back 364

Admiral Nimitz

Front 365

In this battle the Japanese lost all four carriers and 250 planes.

Back 365

Battle of Midway

Front 366

Victory that allowed the Allies to take the offensive in the Pacific.

Back 366

Battle of Midway

Front 367

Battle in which Marines had their first taste of jungle fighting and the first time the Allies had conquered a piece of Japanese-held territory.

Back 367

Battle of Guadalcanal

Front 368

Offensive strategy of American admirals to beat the Japanese in the Pacific.

Back 368

island hopping

Front 369

U.S. policy of leap frogging over Islands that were well fortified by the Japanese and attacking less fortified islands, that strategically enabled the U.S. to move toward Japan.

Back 369

Island hopping

Front 370

With the use of blockades islands which were leap frogged were left to _____.

Back 370

"wither on the vine"

Front 371

Their island-hopping strategy, put the Allies in a position to __________.

Back 371

bomb Japan

Front 372

Greatest Naval Battle in World History.

Back 372

Battle of Leyte Gulf

Front 373

First Battle in which the Japanese used Kamikazes.

Back 373

Battle of Leyte Gulf

Front 374

Bomb-loaded planes whose pilots deliberately crashed into targets.

Back 374

kamikazes

Front 375

The U.S. awarded 27 Medals of Honor for actions in this battle, more than in any other single operation of the war.

Back 375

Battle of Iwo Jima

Front 376

Admiral Nimitz described this island as a place in which "uncommon valor was a common virtue."

Back 376

Iwo Jima

Front 377

Victory in this battle opened the way for an Allied invasion of Japan.

Back 377

Battle of Okinawa

Front 378

U.S. government project to develop an atomic bomb.

Back 378

Manhattan Project

Front 379

Truman ordered the dropping of the Atomic Bomb to avoid _______.

Back 379

invading Japan

Front 380

The dropping of atomic bombs by the U.S. on Hiroshima and Nagasaki finally brought an ____.

Back 380

end to World War II

Front 381

Japan accepted American terms for surrender after atomic bombs were dropped on ______.

Back 381

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Front 382

Less than a week after the destruction of Nagasaki ________.

Back 382

Japan surrendered

Front 383

World War II ended in _______. (year)

Back 383

1945

Front 384

The number of deaths in World War II was as many as ________.

Back 384

50 million

Front 385

Even in the North during the war years they faced discrimination in employment, housing, and education.

Back 385

African Americans

Front 386

Was created by the federal government to act against employment discrimination.

Back 386

Fair Employment Practices Committee

Front 387

During World War II, African Americans fought in ________.

Back 387

segregated units

Front 388

Took direct action to promote racial equality on the home front during the war.

Back 388

African Americans

Front 389

Founded in 1942, in Chicago, it believed in using nonviolent techniques to end racism.

Back 389

CORE

Front 390

CORE

Back 390

Congress of Racial Equality

Front 391

Mexican farm laborers brought to work in the United States.

Back 391

braceros

Front 392

Spanish-speaking neighborhoods.

Back 392

barrios

Front 393

Mexican American laborers often lived in ____.

Back 393

barrios

Front 394

Navajo radio operators who helped secure communications in the Pacific.

Back 394

"code talkers"

Front 395

Japanese Americans born in the U.S. of parents who emigrated from Japan.

Back 395

Nisei

Front 396

Long-held prejudice, and fears inflamed by the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, led the government to evacuate _________.

Back 396

Japanese Americans from the West Coast

Front 397

Centers in remote inland areas where Japanese Americans were confined during World War II.

Back 397

internment camps

Front 398

During World War II, many Japanese Americans were confined to camps in isolated areas or ________.

Back 398

interned

Front 399

Wartime hysteria in the U.S. resulted in the _____.

Back 399

internment of Japanese Americans

Front 400

Year Congress finally passed a law awarding each surviving Japanese American internee $20,000 tax free and an apology.

Back 400

1988

Front 401

Because of the war THEY began to work in large numbers as steelworkers and welders.

Back 401

women

Front 402

Image used to attract women to wartime workforce.

Back 402

Rosie the Riveter

Front 403

After the war THEY were expected to leave their jobs and return home.

Back 403

women

Front 404

Nonviolent hostility between the U.S. & Soviet Union that arose during the 1950s.

Back 404

Cold War

Front 405

Emerged from World War II as superpowers.

Back 405

U.S. & Soviet Union

Front 406

Resulted in competing Communist & Western alliances.

Back 406

Cold War

Front 407

The competition that developed between the United States and the Soviet Union for power and influence in the world.

Back 407

Cold War

Front 408

Political conflict and military tension that characterized the relations between the United States and the Soviet Union for nearly 50 years after World War II.

Back 408

Cold War

Front 409

At Yalta, Roosevelt and Churchill clashed with Stalin over his refusal to allow free elections in ______.

Back 409

Poland

Front 410

One contributing factor to the Cold War was the fact that Stalin broke a promise he had made at Yalta for ___________.

Back 410

free elections in Eastern Europe

Front 411

After World War II the United States objected to the Soviet domination of ________.

Back 411

Poland in particular (Eastern Europe in general)

Front 412

At this conference, Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin decided to divide defeated Germany into four sectors.

Back 412

Yalta

Front 413

The occupation zones resulted in a democratic and a communist _________.

Back 413

Germany

Front 414

Democratic Germany

Back 414

West Germany

Front 415

Communist Germany

Back 415

East Germany

Front 416

In addition to dividing Germany after WWII ________ was also divided.

Back 416

Berlin

Front 417

West Berlin was completely surrounded by ________.

Back 417

East Germany

Front 418

He was determined that Germany would never threaten his nation again.

Back 418

Joseph Stalin

Front 419

Took control of several Eastern European countries after World War II.

Back 419

Soviet Union

Front 420

He defied Stalin and ruled Yugoslavia relatively free of Soviet interference.

Back 420

Tito

Front 421

In Eastern Europe they were nations controlled politically and economically by the Soviet Union

Back 421

satellite nations

Front 422

Division of Europe into Communist and Democratic regions.

Back 422

Iron Curtain

Front 423

Was created so people could not escape to West Berlin.

Back 423

Berlin wall

Front 424

In East Germany, Poland, Hungary, & Czechoslovakia there were revolts against____.

Back 424

Soviet domination

Front 425

The imaginary line that divided Europe between capitalist West and Communist East

Back 425

iron curtain

Front 426

Philosophical "wall" of Soviet domination and oppression.

Back 426

iron curtain

Front 427

In 1946, HE proclaimed that an Iron curtain separated Communist Eastern Europe from capitalist Western Europe.

Back 427

Winston Churchill

Front 428

U.S. policy of resistance to Soviet attempts at expanding communism.

Back 428

containment

Front 429

Policy developed by American leaders after WWII, to resist and stop the spread of communism.

Back 429

containment

Front 430

A promise to support nations trying to resist Soviet control.

Back 430

Truman Doctrine

Front 431

Pressure by Communists on Turkey and Greece led to the ______.

Back 431

Truman Doctrine

Front 432

As a result of the Truman Doctrine congress approved $400 million to help what two countries resist Soviet influence?

Back 432

Turkey & Greece

Front 433

Doctrine giving military and economic aid to help countries block communist takeovers.

Back 433

Truman Doctrine

Front 434

The Truman doctrine was in effect the policy of _____.

Back 434

containment

Front 435

U.S. leaders attempted to keep communism from spreading to other nations in a policy of ______.

Back 435

containment

Front 436

As Secretary of State HE drafted a plan to help European nations rebuild after World War II.

Back 436

George Marshall

Front 437

Pledged American financial aid to all European nations following World War II.

Back 437

Marshall Plan

Front 438

The U.S. gave massive economic aid which revived Western European economies after WWII.

Back 438

Marshall Plan

Front 439

One goal of the Marshall Plan was to create stable democracies that could ______.

Back 439

resist communism

Front 440

In response to the Marshall Plan the Soviet Union ________.

Back 440

refused to participate

Front 441

After World War II the Soviet Union attempted to rebuild in ways that would protect its ____.

Back 441

own interest

Front 442

Because West Berlin had become an escape route to the West the Soviet Union attempted to force the Allies to _________.

Back 442

abandon it

Front 443

Provided vital supplies to a region blockaded by the Soviet Union.

Back 443

Berlin airlift

Front 444

Means for of transporting supplies around the Soviet blockade.

Back 444

Berlin airlift

Front 445

When the Soviet's blockaded West Berlin President Truman responded with the _____.

Back 445

Berlin airlift

Front 446

Both the U.S. & the Soviet Union formed them with the countries they protected or occupied.

Back 446

military alliances.

Front 447

It was formed in 1949 by a number of nations to protect themselves from possible Soviet aggression.

Back 447

NATO

Front 448

NATO was based on the principal of ______.

Back 448

collective security

Front 449

NATO

Back 449

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Front 450

Principal of mutual military assistance.

Back 450

collective security

Front 451

Consisted of the U.S. and its Western European allies.

Back 451

NATO

Front 452

Part of the reason for the development of NATO was the Veto power of the Soviet Union in the _________.

Back 452

United Nations Security Council

Front 453

A military alliance between the Soviet Union and its satellite nations.

Back 453

Warsaw Pact

Front 454

Two events in 1949 that heightened American's concern about the Cold War.

Back 454

Successful Soviet test of an Atomic bomb and Communist taking control of China.

Front 455

In response to the Soviet Union's deployment of an atomic bomb Truman approved the development of the _________.

Back 455

Hydrogen Bomb

Front 456

After Japan's defeat civil war resumed in China between the ____________.

Back 456

Communists & Nationalists

Front 457

Leader of the Communists in China after WWII.

Back 457

Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung)

Front 458

Leader of the Nationalists in China after WWII.

Back 458

Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-Shek)

Front 459

Communists won control of mainland China in _____. (year)

Back 459

1949

Front 460

The communists won in China in large part because they won the support of the _____.

Back 460

peasants

Front 461

Leader of the Communist forces that took control of China in 1949.

Back 461

Mao Zedong

Front 462

After China fell to Mao Zedong some members of congress called for the protection of the ____.

Back 462

rest of Asia

Front 463

The success of communists in other parts of the world produced a fear that communists were living in ________.

Back 463

the United States

Front 464

Truman's Federal Employee Loyalty Program was intended to expose _____.

Back 464

Communists

Front 465

Committee that probed the government for Communist infiltration.

Back 465

HUAC

Front 466

HUAC

Back 466

House Un-American Activities Committee

Front 467

In the late 1940s, IT investigated the motion picture industry for Communist influences.

Back 467

HUAC

Front 468

Members of the House Un-American Activities Committee charged numerous Hollywood figures with being sympathetic to _______.

Back 468

Communist ideas

Front 469

Invoking their constitutional rights they refused to answer questions from the HUAC.

Back 469

Hollywood Ten

Front 470

The Hollywood ten were cited for contempt of congress and served _____.

Back 470

jail terms

Front 471

Were compiled by studios in Hollywood as a result of the HUAC investigations.

Back 471

blacklists

Front 472

A list of the names of people whom employers agree not to hire.

Back 472

blacklist

Front 473

Accused of being a Communist by Whittaker Chambers. He was convicted of perjury and his conviction emboldened those searching for communist .

Back 473

Alger Hiss

Front 474

Their trial and execution in 1952 intensified the fear of communism as an internal threat to the United States.

Back 474

Ethel and Julius Rosenberg

Front 475

Senator Joseph McCarthy's hearings were intended to expose _____.

Back 475

Communists

Front 476

The federal government's hunt for communist within the U.S. resulted in the violation many people's ______.

Back 476

civil rights

Front 477

The activities of the HUAC and McCarthyism were part of the ______.

Back 477

Second Red Scare

Front 478

Part of the reason for the Korean War was the communist victory in the ________.

Back 478

Chinese Civil War

Front 479

Country that controlled Korea for much of the first half of the twentieth century.

Back 479

Japan

Front 480

Asian country that was divided into two after World War II, one half with a pro-American government, the other with a pro-communist government.

Back 480

Korea

Front 481

After WWII the U.S. and Soviet forces agreed to divide this nation at the 38th parallel.

Back 481

Korea

Front 482

Communist Dictator of North Korea after WWII.

Back 482

Kim Il Sung

Front 483

The North Koreans attacked the South in June of _________.

Back 483

1950

Front 484

Americans believed that the North Korean invasion of South Korea was motivated by the ____.

Back 484

Soviet Union

Front 485

Because of the absence of the Soviet Union it condemned the North Korean invasion and used a force made up mostly of U.S. troops to fight the North Koreans.

Back 485

United Nations

Front 486

Passed a resolution that supported efforts to defend South Korea and restore peace.

Back 486

United Nations

Front 487

The North Koreans overran most of the South until they were stopped by the U.N. forces, the U.N. forces then counter attacked and drove back close to the ______.

Back 487

Chinese border

Front 488

After Mao Zedong sent hundreds of thousands of Chinese troops to help the North Koreans the U.N. forces were driven back to the _____.

Back 488

38th parallel

Front 489

American General who led the United Nations forces during the Korean War.

Back 489

Douglas MacArthur

Front 490

General MacArthur wanted to break the stalemate in Korea by attacking the ______.

Back 490

Chinese mainland

Front 491

When Truman opposed his strategy of attacking China during the Korean War he appealed to the Speaker of the House.

Back 491

Douglas MacArthur

Front 492

When General MacArthur's appeal to the speaker of the House was made public Truman _____.

Back 492

fired MacArthur

Front 493

The Korean War turned into a stalemate and both sides signed an armistice to end fighting in ____. (year)

Back 493

1953

Front 494

After the Korean War nearly two million North and South Koreans remained dug in on either side of the _____.

Back 494

demilitarized zone (DMZ)

Front 495

After the Korean war the boundaries between North and South Korea returned to their ____.

Back 495

pre-war status

Front 496

It did result in South Korea remaining free of communism.

Back 496

Korean War

Front 497

Individual most responsible for spreading a fear of Communism in the United states.

Back 497

Joseph McCarthy

Front 498

Senator Joseph McCarthy's power faded after he appeared on television in the ________.

Back 498

Army-McCarthy hearings

Front 499

Revolutionary leader who in 1959 overthrew the Cuban dictatorship.

Back 499

Fidel Castro

Front 500

Eisenhower halted exports to Cuba when Fidel Castro seized _______.

Back 500

American property

Front 501

One reason the U.S. became involved in the affairs of the Middle East after World War II was to prevent oil-rich Arab nations from falling under _______.

Back 501

Soviet influence

Front 502

The United States acted to oppose Soviet influence in the Middle East under _____.

Back 502

President Eisenhower

Front 503

Jews had been driven out of what is today Palestine in the first century, but started to return in the _______.

Back 503

1800s

Front 504

The Holocaust created worldwide support for a _______.

Back 504

Jewish Homeland in Palestine

Front 505

After WWII Jews migrated in large numbers to ______.

Back 505

Palestine

Front 506

The U.N. drew up a plan to divide Palestine into an ______.

Back 506

Arab and a Jewish state

Front 507

Rejected the idea of a Jewish state in Palestine.

Back 507

Arabs

Front 508

When Britain withdrew from Palestine the Jews proclaimed the independent state of ______.

Back 508

Israel

Front 509

After Israel declared its independence the Arabs ______.

Back 509

launched the first of several wars against them

Front 510

Victors in the Arab Israeli wars.

Back 510

Israel

Front 511

A major goal of the U.S. policy in Latin America during the Cold War was to protect American _________.

Back 511

financial investments

Front 512

The struggle between the United States and the Soviet Union to gain weapons superiority.

Back 512

arms race

Front 513

Event that did the most produce fear in Americans of an attack by the Soviet Union.

Back 513

Soviet Union successfully testing an atomic bomb

Front 514

Within a year of the U.S. exploding its first thermonuclear device the Soviet Union successfully tested its own _______.

Back 514

Hydrogen Bomb

Front 515

The policy of making the military power of the U.S. and its allies so strong that no enemy would dare attack it for fear of retaliation.

Back 515

deterrence.

Front 516

The ability to come to the verge of war without actually going to war.

Back 516

brinkmanship

Front 517

Secretary of State who made it clear that the United States would risk war to protect its national interests.

Back 517

John Foster Dulles

Front 518

Policy of being willing to risk war to protect national interests.

Back 518

brinkmanship

Front 519

Secretary of state who developed the policy of brinkmanship.

Back 519

John Foster Dulles

Front 520

The U.S. lagged behind the Soviet Union in missile development because of its reliance on ___________.

Back 520

aircraft to carry nuclear weapons

Front 521

The size of the technology gap between the U.S. and the Soviet Union in the area of missiles became apparent in 1957 when the Soviets used a rocket to launch the first artificial satellite ______.

Back 521

Sputnik

Front 522

During the years following World War II the U.S. embarked on one of its greatest periods of ___________.

Back 522

economic expansion

Front 523

During the postwar years, the Gross National Product of the United States more than ________.

Back 523

doubled

Front 524

GNP

Back 524

Gross National Product

Front 525

The total amount of goods and services produced by a national economy.

Back 525

GNP

Front 526

From 1945 to 1960 the per capita income nearly ______________.

Back 526

doubled

Front 527

The average income per person.

Back 527

per capita income

Front 528

A giant corporation that invests in a wide range of businesses that produce different kinds of goods and services.

Back 528

conglomerate

Front 529

A corporation made up of three or more unrelated businesses.

Back 529

conglomerate

Front 530

Gives a group or individual the right to market a company's goods or services.

Back 530

franchise

Front 531

A business that contracts to offer certain goods and services from a larger parent company.

Back 531

franchise

Front 532

Many unique stores, with ties to the local community, were replaced as a result of the __________

Back 532

franchise system

Front 533

Two business systems or strategies that contributed to a major expansion of business in the 1950s.

Back 533

conglomerates and franchises

Front 534

In 1955, the average American family watched television _________.

Back 534

four to five hours a day

Front 535

In the early days of television many programs were broadcast __________.

Back 535

live

Front 536

Advertisements on this new medium helped spur economic growth in the post war years.

Back 536

Television

Front 537

A 1950s technological innovation furthered by research during World War II.

Back 537

the computer

Front 538

Computer use became much more widespread in the 1950s mainly because they became _____.

Back 538

smaller and faster

Front 539

Term introduced by Grace Hopper, when she removed a moth that had become caught in a relay switch that caused a large computer to shut down.

Back 539

debugging

Front 540

Ridding a computer of program errors.

Back 540

debugging

Front 541

A tiny circuit that improved the transmission of electronic signals.

Back 541

transistor

Front 542

A tiny circuit device that amplifies, controls, and generates electrical signals.

Back 542

transistor

Front 543

One of its major impacts was to reduce the size of electronic appliances.

Back 543

transistor

Front 544

Doctor who developed the vaccine against polio. (first successful field test 1954)

Back 544

Jonas Salk

Front 545

Penicillin and others were developed before World War II, but during the 1950s, doctors discovered more of these drugs including ones that were effective against penicillin-resistant bacteria.

Back 545

antibiotics

Front 546

Business expansion after World War II resulted in a shift in the work force from ____________.

Back 546

blue-collar to white collar jobs

Front 547

By 1956 more Americans held _________ than __________ jobs.

Back 547

white-collar blue-collar

Front 548

Some people believed that white-collar workers were less connected with products and services their companies provided and were more likely to ___________.

Back 548

conform in their behavior

Front 549

The high birth rate that started during World War II and continued after the war was over.

Back 549

baby boom

Front 550

It began in the mid 1940s, during World War II and peaked in 1957.

Back 550

baby boom

Front 551

One result of the baby boom was families moving from the _____________.

Back 551

cities to the suburbs

Front 552

It was passed by Congress in 1944 to give World War II veterans benefits like college tuition and low-interest mortgage loans.

Back 552

GI Bill of Rights

Front 553

Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944.

Back 553

GI Bill of Rights (or GI Bill)

Front 554

Law that provided fuel for the postwar economic boom and the modern middle class lifestyle that developed in during the 1950s.

Back 554

GI Bill of Rights

Front 555

Developer who mass-produced new communities in the suburbs.

Back 555

William J. Levitt

Front 556

William J. Levitt contributed to the growth of suburbs by _____________________.

Back 556

mass-producing houses

Front 557

Name William Levitt gave to his new communities.

Back 557

Levittown's

Front 558

Following their customers many stores moved from the cities to _______.

Back 558

shopping centers in the suburbs

Front 559

Because many people moved beyond the reach of the public transportation systems they became more dependent upon _____.

Back 559

cars

Front 560

From 1948 to 1958, passenger car sales increased by more than __________.

Back 560

50%

Front 561

The increase in the number of cars created a need for better roads and resulted in the 1956 _______.

Back 561

Interstate Highway Act

Front 562

Provided $25 billion to build an interstate highway system more than 40,000 miles long.

Back 562

Interstate Highway Act

Front 563

Inspired the development of many new businesses, including: gas stations, repair shops, parts stores, drive in movies and restaurants.

Back 563

the car culture

Front 564

One long-lasting effect of the major highway-building projects of the 1950s was less reliance on the _________________.

Back 564

public transportation system

Front 565

Eager to cash in on the increasing number of cars on the roads gasoline companies began offering ___________.

Back 565

credit cards

Front 566

They became a popular means of purchasing things because of their ease and convenience.

Back 566

credit cards

Front 567

Just like installment plans in the 1920s, credit cards introduced in the 1950s encouraged consumers to purchase beyond their ____________.

Back 567

means

Front 568

After the years of depression and war, many Americans were searching for ____.

Back 568

security

Front 569

In the 1950s Americans placed the greatest value in ________.

Back 569

comfort and security

Front 570

Name given to the youth of the 1950s.

Back 570

"silent generation"

Front 571

In the 1950s they seemed to have little interest in the problems and crisis in the larger world.

Back 571

"silent generation"

Front 572

Members of the "Silent Generation" chose to pursue ________________.

Back 572

entertainment and fun

Front 573

The popularity of Billy Graham in the 1950s reflected a new interest in ___________.

Back 573

religion

Front 574

The renewed interest in religion in the 1950s was partially a response to the Cold War's struggle against ___________.

Back 574

"godless communism"

Front 575

In 1954 what words were added to the Pledge of Allegiance?

Back 575

"under God"

Front 576

In 1955 Congress required what phrase to appear on all American currency?

Back 576

"In God We Trust"

Front 577

Americans in the post-World War II years were keenly aware of the roles that they were expected to play as _____________.

Back 577

men and women

Front 578

Making important decisions, supporting their families financially, and going to school were all parts of _______________.

Back 578

men's roles during the 1950s

Front 579

During the 1950s most American women were expected to be ____________.

Back 579

full-time homemakers

Front 580

Were expected to manage the household by American society in the 1950s.

Back 580

women

Front 581

Pediatrician who wrote a highly influential book on child care.

Back 581

Benjamin Spock

Front 582

Pediatrician and child care advisor who believed women should stay at home with their children.

Back 582

Benjamin Spock

Front 583

Critics of Dr. Spock's child care advice believed it was too __________.

Back 583

permissive

Front 584

In spite of the traditional roles that were expected many of THEM had enjoyed working outside the home during WWII and were reluctant to give up their good jobs.

Back 584

women

Front 585

More of them held paying jobs in the 1950s than ever before.

Back 585

women

Front 586

The number of married women working outside of the home rose from _____________.

Back 586

24% in 1950 to 31% in 1960

Front 587

Author of The Feminine Mystique.

Back 587

Betty Friedan

Front 588

Woman's rights advocate who believed that the culture wrongfully forced women into staying at home and caring for children.

Back 588

Betty Friedan

Front 589

Films like "Rebel Without a Cause" and books like "The Catcher in the Rye," reflected the alienation of many of America's youth in the 1950s and their desire to resist the pressure to ______.

Back 589

conform

Front 590

Popular music combining elements of rhythm and blues, gospel music, and country and western music, and known for its strong beat and urgent lyrics.

Back 590

rock 'n' roll

Front 591

Gave young people in the 1950s a music style that they could call their own.

Back 591

Rock 'n' roll

Front 592

Disc jockey who first used the term rock 'n' roll to describe the new style of music emerging in the 1950s.

Back 592

Alan Freed

Front 593

Literary movement of the 1950s that rejected uniform middle-class culture and sought to overturn the sexual and social conservatism of the period.

Back 593

beat movement

Front 594

Counter-cultural group of the 1950s that promoted spontaneity over conformity.

Back 594

beatniks

Front 595

Counter-cultural group of the 1950s that rebelled against conformity and traditional social patterns.

Back 595

beatniks

Front 596

Considered the spiritual leader of the Beat Generation.

Back 596

Jack Kerouac

Front 597

Author of "On the Road."

Back 597

Jack Kerouac

Front 598

Another name for the Beat Generation.

Back 598

beatniks

Front 599

The resurgence of religion and the rise of rock-and-roll were examples of _____________.

Back 599

disparate trends in the 1950s

Front 600

The social and economic transition to peacetime after war.

Back 600

reconversion

Front 601

When the government lifted price controls after the war, prices rose _____________.

Back 601

faster than wages

Front 602

One of the greatest challenges that President Truman faced in reconverting to a peacetime economy was keeping _______________.

Back 602

inflation in check

Front 603

Although Truman agreed that workers deserved higher wages, he thought their demands were ______________.

Back 603

inflationary

Front 604

When a railroad strike disrupted the economy in 1946, President Truman attempted to _____.

Back 604

draft the striking workers into the army

Front 605

This law was passed by Congress in 1947 to restrict labor strikes that threatened the national interest.

Back 605

Taft-Hartley Act

Front 606

The Taft-Hartley Act was a piece of anti _____________________.

Back 606

labor legislation

Front 607

The Taft-Hartley Act was passed over Truman's ____.

Back 607

veto

Front 608

Truman's plan which extended Roosevelt's New Deal goals.

Back 608

The Fair Deal

Front 609

A higher minimum wage, national health insurance, and housing assistance were all parts of Truman's ________.

Back 609

Fair Deal goals

Front 610

In the 1946 mid-term elections Republicans won majorities in both ___________.

Back 610

houses of congress

Front 611

Area where Truman found opposition throughout his presidency.

Back 611

civil rights

Front 612

Truman attempted to make progress in civil rights but was consistently blocked by __________.

Back 612

congress

Front 613

Progress in the area of civil rights was made difficult because of the coalition between Republicans and _______.

Back 613

Southern Democrats

Front 614

He banned discrimination in the hiring of federal employees and ordered the armed forces to end segregation and discrimination.

Back 614

Harry Truman

Front 615

It did not appear that Harry Truman had much chance to win reelection in 1948 because he had lost support in his ____________.

Back 615

own party

Front 616

Southern segregationists split off from the Democratic party in 1948 forming the States' Rights or __________.

Back 616

Dixiecrat Party

Front 617

Dixiecrat Party nominee for the presidency in 1948.

Back 617

Strom Thurmond

Front 618

Truman also lost the support of the liberal wing of the Democratic party which supported Henry Wallace on the ticket of the ______.

Back 618

Progressive Party

Front 619

Truman's Republican opponent in 1948.

Back 619

Thomas Dewey

Front 620

Even though Truman won the election of 1948 and the Democrats won control of congress Truman had only occasional successes implementing his _____.

Back 620

Fair Deal goals

Front 621

Adopted in 1951, it limited the President to two terms in office.

Back 621

Twenty-second Amendment

Front 622

Democratic Candidate for President in 1952 & 1956.

Back 622

Adlai Stevenson

Front 623

President who was the former commander-in-chief of the Allied forces.

Back 623

Dwight Eisenhower

Front 624

Eisenhower's vice presidential running mate.

Back 624

Richard Nixon

Front 625

His formula for victory in the Presidential election of 1952 focused on: Korea, communism, and corruption.

Back 625

Dwight Eisenhower

Front 626

President Eisenhower's conservative approach to government.

Back 626

Modern Republicanism

Front 627

"dynamic conservatism"

Back 627

Modern Republicanism

Front 628

Cutting spending, reducing taxes, and balancing the budget.

Back 628

Modern Republicanism

Front 629

Eisenhower said he intended to be "conservative when it comes to money, and liberal when it comes to ___________."

Back 629

human beings

Front 630

Eisenhower endorsed a military strategy of relying on nuclear weapons, rather than more costly ______________.

Back 630

conventional armies

Front 631

Eisenhower and his administration supported _____.

Back 631

big business

Front 632

Because he favored big business President Eisenhower's domestic policy reflected his Republican predecessors _____________.

Back 632

Coolidge & Hoover

Front 633

The 1957 event that caused Congress to increase spending on teaching science and mathematics.

Back 633

launching of Sputnik

Front 634

Was an act designed to improve science and mathematics in schools.

Back 634

National Defense Education Act

Front 635

In response to Sputnik the U.S. government created an independent agency for space exploration ____.

Back 635

NASA

Front 636

NASA

Back 636

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Front 637

General Manager of the Brooklyn Dodgers who asked Jackie Robinson to be the first player to break the color barrier in Major League Baseball.

Back 637

Branch Rickey

Front 638

First black player to break the color barrier and play major league baseball.

Back 638

Jackie Robinson

Front 639

Year that Jackie Robinson became the first African American to play in the major leagues.

Back 639

1947

Front 640

African American Migration to northern cities, the New Deal, World War II, Rise of the NAACP.

Back 640

reasons for the accelerating demand for civil rights.

Front 641

After World War II the campaign for African American civil rights began to _______.

Back 641

accelerate

Front 642

In 1896 the Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson had established the _______________.

Back 642

"separate but equal" doctrine

Front 643

After World War II, the African American civil rights movement made few gains until _______.

Back 643

the 1960s

Front 644

Ordered an end to discrimination in the armed forces.

Back 644

President Truman

Front 645

Leader of the NAACP's Legal Defense Fund "Mr. Civil Rights"

Back 645

Thurgood Marshall

Front 646

Lawyer who argued on behalf of Brown against segregation in America's schools.

Back 646

Thurgood Marshall

Front 647

Supreme Court ruling that declared the "separate but equal" doctrine to be unconstitutional.

Back 647

Brown v Board of Education

Front 648

Year of Brown v. Board of Education decision.

Back 648

1954

Front 649

In Brown v. Board of Education the Supreme Court ruled that "separate educational facilities are _______________."

Back 649

inherently unequal

Front 650

Chief Justice influential in the Brown v. Board of Education decision.

Back 650

Earl Warren

Front 651

A year after the "Brown decision" the Court ruled that local school boards should move to desegregate "with __________."

Back 651

all deliberate speed

Front 652

The "Brown decision" and the court order to desegregate, resulted in many southern whites responding with fear and angry ______.

Back 652

resistance

Front 653

Southern congressmen claimed that there was "no legal basis" for the "Brown decision" and the court order to desegregate, that it violated states' rights and was an example of "judicial usurpation."

Back 653

"Southern Manifesto"

Front 654

Bringing together of races.

Back 654

integration

Front 655

When she refused to give up her seat to a white man, she was seized by the police and ordered to stand trial sparking the Montgomery Bus boycott.

Back 655

Rosa Parks

Front 656

Boycott aimed at forcing the bus company to change its policy of segregated seating on buses.

Back 656

Montgomery bus boycott

Front 657

Event that introduced a new generation of African American leaders including Martin Luther King, Jr.

Back 657

Montgomery bus boycott

Front 658

The Montgomery bus boycott lasted from December of 1955 to December of _______.

Back 658

1956

Front 659

Even though the Montgomery bus company refused to change its policies the boycott did result in a Supreme Court decision declaring bus segregation _____________.

Back 659

unconstitutional

Front 660

When nine African American students attempted to attend Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas this governor used the National Guard to prevent them from attending.

Back 660

Orval Faubus

Front 661

Although HE was not in favor of integration, he did believe Governor Faubus actions were a violation of the Constitution and a challenge to his authority.

Back 661

President Eisenhower

Front 662

President Eisenhower sent in the 101st Airborne to protect the Little Rock Nine as they desegregated the school. He also nationalized the Arkansas National Guard placing them under ______.

Back 662

his Authority

Front 663

When the 101st Airborne left Little Rock, and only the National Guard remained to protect the Little Rock Nine, they were constantly subjected to ____________.

Back 663

verbal and physical abuse

Front 664

Year Eisenhower used the 101st Airborne and the National Guard to enforce school integration, in Littlerock, Arkansas.

Back 664

1957

Front 665

Eisenhower said his actions in Little Rock, Arkansas were necessary to defend the authority of the ____.

Back 665

Supreme Court

Front 666

Mexican American reform groups such as the Community Service Organization and the League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) sought change through ________.

Back 666

peaceful protest

Front 667

Federal government policy adopted in 1953, which sought to eliminate reservations altogether and to assimilate Native Americans into mainstream culture.

Back 667

"termination"

Front 668

The policy of "termination" met resistance, and was discarded, but THEIR problems of poverty, discrimination, and little real political representation remained.

Back 668

Native Americans

Front 669

In the 1920s and 1930s this group had success in challenging segregation laws.

Back 669

NAACP

Front 670

NAACP

Back 670

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

Front 671

Critics charged that IT was out of touch with the basic issues of economic survival faced by many poorer African Americans.

Back 671

NAACP

Front 672

This group helped African American newcomers, to large cities, find homes and jobs.

Back 672

National Urban League

Front 673

Civil rights organization founded by pacifists in 1942 and dedicated to effecting change through peaceful confrontation.

Back 673

CORE

Front 674

CORE

Back 674

Congress of Racial Equality

Front 675

Organized the first sit-in, in 1943, at a restaurant called the Jack Spratt Coffee House in Chicago.

Back 675

CORE

Front 676

Founder and President of CORE from 1942 to 1966, turned it into a national organization.

Back 676

James Farmer

Front 677

It was founded by pacifists and directed by James Farmer.

Back 677

CORE

Front 678

CORE pursued its goals through ________.

Back 678

peaceful confrontation

Front 679

Civil Rights organization founded by African American ministers in 1957.

Back 679

SCLC

Front 680

SCLC

Back 680

Southern Christian Leadership Conference

Front 681

In 1957 Martin Luther King Jr., and other ministers founded the ___________.

Back 681

SCLC

Front 682

The SCLC and CORE were similar in that they both promoted _____.

Back 682

nonviolent protest

Front 683

Group that shifted the focus of the civil rights movement from the North to the South.

Back 683

SCLC

Front 684

Method used by Martin Luther King, Jr., and other members of the SCLC, to achieve victory in the struggle for Civil Rights.

Back 684

nonviolent protest

Front 685

Individual who influenced Martin Luther King, Jr., to believe in nonviolent protest.

Back 685

Gandhi

Front 686

SCLC taught its nonviolent protesters not to resist even when ________.

Back 686

attacked

Front 687

King followed Gandhi's teaching that those who fight for justice must peacefully refuse to obey ____.

Back 687

unjust laws

Front 688

SCLC's 17 rules for maintaining a nonviolent approach instructed "If another person is being molested do not rise to go to his defense, but __________."

Back 688

pray for the oppressor….

Front 689

Gave young African Americans a greater voice in the civil rights movement.

Back 689

SNCC

Front 690

SNCC

Back 690

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee

Front 691

SNCC was formed to enable students to make their own decisions about ___________.

Back 691

priorities and tactics

Front 692

Group that entrusted decisions about priorities and tactics to young activists.

Back 692

SNCC

Front 693

As director of the SNCC's Mississippi Project, HE traveled to the South to try to register black voters.

Back 693

Robert Moses

Front 694

Fourteen-year-old boy, from Chicago, who was murdered in Mississippi, in 1955, supposedly because he whistled at a white woman.

Back 694

Emmett Till

Front 695

His murder was noted as one of the leading events that motivated the American Civil Rights Movement.

Back 695

Emmett Till

Front 696

Protest technique in which African Americans occupied a segregated establishment and demanded service.

Back 696

sit-in

Front 697

Were used to protest against segregation at lunch counters.

Back 697

sit-ins

Front 698

Technique used by civil rights activists to force segregated establishments to serve African Americans.

Back 698

sit-in

Front 699

The sit-in at a Woolworth's in this town in 1960, launched a wave of anti-segregation sit-ins across the South.

Back 699

Greensboro, North Carolina

Front 700

Participants in sit-ins were often harassed and forced to spend time in ___.

Back 700

jail

Front 701

In 1960 in Boynton v. Virginia the Supreme Court expanded and earlier ban on segregation, on interstate buses, to include __________.

Back 701

bus terminals

Front 702

Organized by CORE, with the aid of SNCC, these were designed to test whether southern states would obey the Supreme Court ruling, integrating bus terminals.

Back 702

Freedom Rides

Front 703

Civil Rights activists used interstate buses to protest segregation at terminals.

Back 703

Freedom Rides

Front 704

The Freedom Riders encountered violent resistance in the state of ______.

Back 704

Alabama

Front 705

This group of protestors received federal protection after being violently attacked in Alabama.

Back 705

Freedom Riders

Front 706

The first Freedom Ride died out in Jackson, Mississippi when the riders, and volunteers to replace them, were all ___.

Back 706

arrested

Front 707

Advanced the cause of civil rights by attempting to enroll at Ole Miss.

Back 707

James Meredith

Front 708

When a riot broke out over James Meredith's admission to the University of Mississippi HE sent army troops to restore order and protect Meredith.

Back 708

President Kennedy

Front 709

Martin Luther King, Jr., targeted THIS CITY, for demonstrations because he believed it to be the most segregated city in the country.

Back 709

Birmingham, Alabama

Front 710

When a court order directed the protestors in Birmingham to cease demonstrations, King decided to disobey the order and set an example of ___.

Back 710

civil disobedience

Front 711

Police commissioner of Birmingham who arrested King and other demonstrators.

Back 711

Eugene "Bull" Connor

Front 712

Wrote the "Letter from Birmingham Jail."

Back 712

Martin Luther King, Jr.

Front 713

After being released from jail in Birmingham King decided to include THEM in the campaign.

Back 713

young people

Front 714

He arrested over 900 young people as they marched in Birmingham and used fire hoses and dogs on the protestors.

Back 714

"Bull" Connor

Front 715

When they watched the brutal tactics used by police against protestors in Birmingham, Alabama, on TV., even the ______________.

Back 715

opponents of civil rights were appalled

Front 716

Most Americans were angered by the treatment of demonstrators by the ________.

Back 716

Birmingham police

Front 717

The Birmingham protests led to the __________.

Back 717

desegregation of the city facilities

Front 718

The success at Birmingham proved the effectiveness of ____________.

Back 718

nonviolent protest

Front 719

He moved slowly at first on civil rights issues, to avoid offending southern Democratic senators, whose votes he needed on other issues.

Back 719

President Kennedy

Front 720

Civil Rights violence was an embarrassment for President Kennedy, when he met with other ______.

Back 720

world leaders

Front 721

Just hours after the broadcast of President Kennedy's speech for civil rights, this civil rights leader was gunned down.

Back 721

Medgar Evers

Front 722

Kennedy was prompted to propose a strong civil rights bill by the ____________.

Back 722

brutality against African Americans in Birmingham

Front 723

When civil rights leaders planned a march on Washington, to support his civil rights bill, Kennedy feared it would alienate congress and cause racial violence, but when he could not persuade organizers to call it off he ___________.

Back 723

gave it his support

Front 724

In August 1963, more than 200,000 people joined this demonstration to focus attention on Kennedy's civil rights bill.

Back 724

March on Washington

Front 725

Participants in this demonstration hoped to convince congress to pass civil rights legislation in 1963.

Back 725

March on Washington

Front 726

Martin Luther King, Jr.'s "I have a Dream" speech was given at the ____________.

Back 726

March on Washington

Front 727

Was the highlight of the March on Washington.

Back 727

"I Have a Dream" speech

Front 728

Three months after the March on Washington President Kennedy ___________.

Back 728

was assassinated

Front 729

Was used by members of the Senate to prevent the Civil Rights bill of 1964 from coming to a vote.

Back 729

filibuster

Front 730

Enlisted the help of HIS former colleague, Republican minority leader Everett Dirksen, to invoke the cloture rule and end the filibuster against the Civil Rights Bill of 1964.

Back 730

President Johnson

Front 731

Was used to end the filibuster that was blocking the Civil Rights Bill of 1964.

Back 731

Cloture

Front 732

Landmark law, that outlawed discrimination in education, employment, and all public accommodations.

Back 732

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Front 733

Legislation that banned discrimination in all public facilities.

Back 733

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Front 734

After the Civil Rights Act of 1964 the main emphasis of the Civil Rights movement became ensuring African Americans the right to _____.

Back 734

vote

Front 735

A campaign in the summer of 1964 to register blacks to vote in Mississippi, also set up freedom schools and freedom houses.

Back 735

Freedom Summer

Front 736

This project that was opposed by the NAACP and barely accepted by the SCLC, was organized by COFO and SNCC.

Back 736

Freedom Summer

Front 737

COFO a coalition of established civil rights organizations stands for ___.

Back 737

Council of Federated Organizations

Front 738

SNCC field secretary and co-director of COFO, directed Freedom Summer.

Back 738

Robert Moses

Front 739

During Freedom Summer James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, and Michael Schwerner were ____.

Back 739

murdered

Front 740

When the forces of white supremacy continued to block black voter registration, the Freedom Summer Project switched to building the ________.

Back 740

MFDP

Front 741

MFDP

Back 741

Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party

Front 742

Members of the MFDP went to the Democratic National Convention in the summer of 1964, hoping to be seated in the convention instead of delegates of the regular democratic Mississippi party, which had prevented blacks from ___.

Back 742

registering to vote

Front 743

Lyndon B. Johnson feared losing Southern support in the coming campaign, so he prevented the MFDP from replacing the _______.

Back 743

regular Mississippi democratic delegation

Front 744

The goal of this demonstration was to get voting rights legislation passed.

Back 744

The Selma March

Front 745

Freedom Summer and the Selma March both drew attention to African Americans' lack of ____.

Back 745

voting rights

Front 746

Argued that Congress should support voting rights because they were guaranteed by the Constitution, and congressional members had sworn to uphold the constitution.

Back 746

President Johnson

Front 747

Argued that voting rights were not a "states rights" issue but a "human rights" issue.

Back 747

President Johnson

Front 748

Says that no person shall be kept from voting because of his race or color.

Back 748

the Constitution

Front 749

President Johnson argued that Congress must support voting rights because those rights are guaranteed in the ______________.

Back 749

Constitution

Front 750

Allowed federal official to ensure that blacks were not prevented from registering to vote, and effectively eliminated literacy tests and other barriers to blacks voting.

Back 750

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Front 751

Legislation that enabled more African Americans to register to vote.

Back 751

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Front 752

This piece of legislation resulted in many African Americans being elected at all levels of government.

Back 752

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Front 753

Many of the goals of the Civil Rights movement were not met, but after the Voting Rights Act of 1965, thousands of African Americans could _____.

Back 753

vote for the first time

Front 754

Two landmark civil rights laws passed during the Johnson presidency.

Back 754

Civil Rights Act of 1964 & Voting Rights Act of 1965

Front 755

African American group, founded by Elijah Muhammad, that preached black separation and self-help.

Back 755

Nation of Islam

Front 756

Group of Black Muslims who preached black separation and self-help.

Back 756

Nation of Islam

Front 757

Elijah Muhammad taught that white society was ___.

Back 757

evil

Front 758

Unlike the early civil rights leaders, HE believed strongly that the races should be separated.

Back 758

Malcolm X

Front 759

While in prison he was converted to the Nation of Islam and came to believe in black separatism.

Back 759

Malcolm X

Front 760

Came into conflict with Elijah Muhammad, and while on a pilgrimage to Mecca he changed his views, rejecting the belief in black separatism and his hatred of whites.

Back 760

Malcolm X

Front 761

Nine months after Malcolm X came to reject the beliefs of the Nation of Islam, and came to accept an Islam that was open to all people, he was ____________.

Back 761

Assassinated

Front 762

The idea that African Americans should unite, take pride in their heritage, and control their own organizations.

Back 762

black power

Front 763

SNCC leader who called on African Americans to support black power.

Back 763

Stokely Carmichael

Front 764

Idea that African Americans should take charge of their communities.

Back 764

black power

Front 765

This movement taught that African Americans should separate from white society and lead their own communities.

Back 765

black power

Front 766

Under his leadership SNCC became increasingly militant.

Back 766

Stokely Carmichael

Front 767

Militant Black Nationalist group, formed by Bobby Seale and Huey Newton.

Back 767

Black Panthers

Front 768

Black Separatism is also called ___.

Back 768

Black Nationalism

Front 769

Black power group, that wanted African Americans to lead their own communities.

Back 769

Black Panthers

Front 770

Black power gave rise to the slogan _________.

Back 770

"Black is beautiful"

Front 771

The black power movement led to a serious split in the ____.

Back 771

Civil Rights movement

Front 772

The civil rights movement was split between those who favored militant black nationalism and separatism, and those who favored ______.

Back 772

peaceful desegregation

Front 773

His writings warned Americans that African Americans were angry and tired of waiting.

Back 773

James Baldwin

Front 774

He wrote about the violent consequences of segregation.

Back 774

James Baldwin

Front 775

Rigid pattern of separation, dictated by law in the South, prior to the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Back 775

de jure segregation

Front 776

Actual, as opposed to legal, separation of whites and African Americans.

Back 776

de facto segregation

Front 777

Racial separation imposed by poverty and ghetto conditions.

Back 777

de facto segregation

Front 778

De facto segregation and poverty in black communities, in large cities, led to a series of ____.

Back 778

riots from 1964 to 1968.

Front 779

They were an explosion of anger that had been smoldering in the inner-city ghettos.

Back 779

riots

Front 780

Martin Luther King, Jr., and Robert Kennedy were both assassinated in what year?

Back 780

1968

Front 781

His assassination eroded faith in the idea of nonviolent change.

Back 781

Martin Luther King, Jr.

Front 782

Robert Kennedy's assassination ended many people's hopes for an inspirational leader who could heal the _____.

Back 782

nation's wounds

Front 783

Rose by 88% between 1970 & 1975.

Back 783

elected African American officials

Front 784

Making segregation illegal, opening the political process to more African Americans, & giving African Americans a new sense of pride.

Back 784

accomplishments of the civil rights movement

Front 785

In spite of the achievements of the Civil Rights Movement, a disparity still existed both economically and politically between _______.

Back 785

blacks and whites

Front 786

Prior to Kennedy's election and during the early 1960s the American economy was _____________.

Back 786

sluggish, with low GNP growth

Front 787

During the 1960 presidential campaign, HE promised to get the American economy moving again.

Back 787

John F. Kennedy

Front 788

Kennedy appeared to be more polished than Nixon when the two appeared on the first televised _____.

Back 788

presidential debates

Front 789

Some people questioned if Kennedy was ready to be president because of his _____.

Back 789

age

Front 790

John Kennedy was the first person of this faith to be elected President.

Back 790

Roman Catholic

Front 791

Won the 1960 presidential election by a very slim margin.

Back 791

John F. Kennedy

Front 792

Kennedy's victory in the 1960 presidential election was ____________.

Back 792

narrow

Front 793

Kennedy inspired a generation of young people by asking them to put patriotism before ___.

Back 793

personal interest

Front 794

Kennedy's program became known as the ______.

Back 794

New Frontier

Front 795

Kennedy proposed cutting taxes to end the continuing __________.

Back 795

recession

Front 796

In his first two years as president Kennedy, hoped to help the poor by _____.

Back 796

stimulating the economy

Front 797

In a book titled "The Other America" Michael Harrington revealed that one fifth of the American population lived below the _____.

Back 797

poverty line

Front 798

After the first two years of his presidency Kennedy became convinced that the poor needed direct ____.

Back 798

federal aid

Front 799

In domestic affairs, Kennedy rarely succeeded in pushing _____________.

Back 799

legislation through congress

Front 800

Kennedy's lack of success with his domestic policies was largely due to his lack of support in ____.

Back 800

congress

Front 801

Cutting taxes, providing aid to the poor, and promoting the space program were all parts of Kennedy's ______.

Back 801

New Frontier

Front 802

The economy, poverty, and the space program were all addressed by Kennedy's __________.

Back 802

New Frontier

Front 803

In 1961, President Kennedy committed NASA and the nation to the goal of _________.

Back 803

landing a man on the moon within the decade

Front 804

On November 22, 1963 President Kennedy was ___.

Back 804

assassinated

Front 805

Declared that Kennedy's assassination was the work of a lone assassin.

Back 805

The Warren Commission

Front 806

The Warren Commission had decided that Kennedy had been assassinated by ___________.

Back 806

one man who worked alone

Front 807

As a senator, this President was famed for his ability to accomplish his political goals.

Back 807

Lyndon Johnson

Front 808

Included major poverty relief, education aid, healthcare (especially for the elderly & the poor), voting rights, conservation and beautification projects, urban renewal, and economic development in depressed areas.

Back 808

Johnson's Great Society

Front 809

After the 1964 election President Johnson, unlike Kennedy after the 1960 election, had a ________.

Back 809

strong mandate

Front 810

Part of the reason for Johnson's landslide victory in 1964 was Goldwater's __________.

Back 810

radical views

Front 811

Healthcare legislation was a major part of President's Johnson's program known as the ______.

Back 811

Great Society

Front 812

This program of President Johnson won passage of several of Kennedy's New Frontier goals and added to them.

Back 812

the Great Society

Front 813

Like Kennedy, Johnson believed that budget deficits could be used to stimulate the economy, but to get support for his tax cuts he had to also agree to cut _____.

Back 813

government spending

Front 814

What did President Johnson get congress to pass that actually caused the GNP to rise?

Back 814

tax-cuts

Front 815

Some people feared that Johnson's tax-cuts would cause the deficit to rise, but because of the increased GNP, tax revenues actually went up and the deficit ______.

Back 815

shrank

Front 816

Increased expenditures on public welfare programs from 1965 to 1975.

Back 816

Johnson's "War on Poverty"

Front 817

In 1964 President Johnson launched the "War on ___."

Back 817

Poverty

Front 818

Provided low-cost health insurance for poor Americans of any age who could not afford their own private health insurance.

Back 818

Medicaid

Front 819

Provided hospital and low-cost medical insurance for most Americans age 65 and older.

Back 819

Medicare

Front 820

was intended to eliminate quotas restricting immigration from certain countries.

Back 820

Immigration Act of 1965

Front 821

Under this Chief Justice the Supreme court passed several important decisions protecting the constitutional rights of citizens accused of crimes.

Back 821

Earl Warren

Front 822

Required that suspects be informed of their rights.

Back 822

Miranda Rule

Front 823

Ruled that evidence seized illegally could not be used in trial.

Back 823

Supreme Court

Front 824

The way seats of a legislative body are distributed among electoral districts.

Back 824

apportionment

Front 825

Supreme court decisions on apportionment ruled that electoral districts had to be based on "_____."

Back 825

one person one vote

Front 826

Supreme court case that declared that congressional districts had to be apportioned on the basis of one person, one vote.

Back 826

Baker vs.. Carr

Front 827

Erupted in poor areas of major cities from 1965 to 1968.

Back 827

race riots

Front 828

In response to the Great Society, some Americans complained that too many of their tax dollars were being spent on ______.

Back 828

poor people

Front 829

Ever since the Great Society, people have argued as to whether or not antipoverty programs have helped the poor or have encouraged them to become ___.

Back 829

dependent upon government

Front 830

Critics of the Great Society believed it gave too much power to the ___________.

Back 830

federal government

Front 831

Johnson's Great Society did cut the number of people living below the poverty line in _____.

Back 831

half

Front 832

LBJ's inability to contain this conflict undermined and finally ended the Great Society.

Back 832

Vietnam

Front 833

Stopping the spread of communism was the guiding principle behind the foreign policies of both _______________.

Back 833

President Kennedy & President Johnson

Front 834

A failed attempt by U.S. backed Cuban exiles to invade Cuba and overthrow Fidel Castro's communist government.

Back 834

Bay of Pigs invasion

Front 835

When Kennedy's advisors urged him to provide air cover to the Cuban exiles attacking at the Bay of Pigs he ______.

Back 835

refused

Front 836

When the Soviets sought a treaty to make the division of Berlin permanent in an attempt to stop the flow of East Germans escaping to West Germany, Kennedy feared it was part of a larger effort to take over the ________.

Back 836

rest of Europe

Front 837

President Kennedy asked for huge increases in military spending because he was afraid that the Soviet Union would ___________.

Back 837

take over Europe

Front 838

After Kennedy authorized a military buildup to show that the U.S. would not be bullied by the Soviet Union, the Soviets began ____________.

Back 838

construction of the Berlin Wall

Front 839

The Soviets built IT in order to prevent East Germans from fleeing to the West.

Back 839

Berlin Wall

Front 840

Standoff between the U.S. and the Soviet Union that could have led to nuclear war.

Back 840

Cuban Missile Crisis

Front 841

By positioning missiles on Cuban soil, the Soviets provoked Kennedy to ______________.

Back 841

quarantine Cuba

Front 842

As a result of the Cuban Missile Crisis, the Soviets ________.

Back 842

removed their missiles from Cuba.

Front 843

When the Cuban Missile Crisis was over, Kennedy and Khrushchev established a _______ between their two nations.

Back 843

"hot line"

Front 844

An agreement between Kennedy, Khrushchev and Great Britain that was the first nuclear treaty since the development of the Atomic Bomb.

Back 844

Limited Test Ban Treaty

Front 845

Banned nuclear testing above the ground.

Back 845

Limited Test Ban Treaty

Front 846

Kennedy believed he could encourage stability in Latin America by promoting _________.

Back 846

economic stability

Front 847

Cooperative effort to produce economic and social reform in the Western Hemisphere.

Back 847

Alliance for Progress

Front 848

Was established by Kennedy to discourage the spread of communism in the Western Hemisphere.

Back 848

The Alliance for Progress

Front 849

Program in which volunteers served in developing nations.

Back 849

Peace Corps

Front 850

This group of volunteers initiated by Kennedy worked to raise the standard of living in poor areas.

Back 850

Peace Corps

Front 851

Johnson sent Marines to this Latin American country in 1965 in order to protect American citizens.

Back 851

Dominican Republic

Front 852

Like Kennedy, Johnson was determined to stop the spread of Communism in ______.

Back 852

Vietnam

Front 853

Movement that pushed for the absolute equality of men and women.

Back 853

feminism

Front 854

The feminist movement of the 1960s was the ____.

Back 854

women's movement

Front 855

The women's movement of the 1960s grew out of women's frustration with various forms of __.

Back 855

job discrimination

Front 856

Borrowed legal tools and inspiration from the civil rights movement.

Back 856

women's movement

Front 857

As a result of their experience in the civil rights movement, many women learned the importance of taking advantage of ________.

Back 857

legal tools

Front 858

Author of The Feminine Mystique.

Back 858

Betty Friedan

Front 859

To explore important issues, women formed consciousness-raising _____________.

Back 859

support groups

Front 860

A group of activists who wanted to bring women into the mainstream quickly.

Back 860

National Organization of Women (NOW)

Front 861

Founder of Ms. Magazine, a new magazine for women.

Back 861

Gloria Steinem

Front 862

The change in women's career goals was a result of the change in attitudes produced by the ____.

Back 862

women's movement

Front 863

The Supreme Court case that legalized abortion.

Back 863

Roe vs. Wade

Front 864

"Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex."

Back 864

Equal Rights Amendment

Front 865

This Amendment passed Congress in 1972 but failed in the ratification process.

Back 865

Equal Rights Amendment

Front 866

Law that would make discrimination based on a person's gender illegal.

Back 866

Equal Rights Amendment

Front 867

The equal rights amendment did not become law because it was not __________.

Back 867

ratified by the states

Front 868

Many of the women who rejected the women's movement did so because they preferred _____.

Back 868

traditional roles

Front 869

Conservative political activist who opposed the women's movement.

Back 869

Phyllis Schafly

Front 870

Felt undervalued by the women's movement, disapproved of feminists' goals, and opposed the Equal Rights Amendment.

Back 870

women who preferred the traditional role of homemaking

Front 871

Person whose family origins are in Spanish-speaking Latin America.

Back 871

Latino

Front 872

Latinos in the US come from different countries but generally speak the ____________.

Back 872

same language

Front 873

Person who moves from farm to farm planting and harvesting crops.

Back 873

migrant farm worker

Front 874

Group founded by Cesar Chavez to organize Mexican farm workers.

Back 874

United Farm Workers (UFW)

Front 875

Co-founder of the United Farm Workers.

Back 875

Cesar Chavez

Front 876

A nationwide consumer boycott was a successful strategy used by _______.

Back 876

Cesar Chavez

Front 877

Jobs, education, and legal matters, were all areas where, in the 1960s, Mexican Americans fought ___.

Back 877

discrimination

Front 878

Led the political party La Raza Unida.

Back 878

Jose Angel Gutierrez

Front 879

La Raza Unida was an organization that represented Latino ___________.

Back 879

political interests

Front 880

Group that worked for compensation for Japanese Americans interned during World War II.

Back 880

Japanese American Citizens League (JACL)

Front 881

Group that spoke out against Japanese American property losses during their wartime internment.

Back 881

Japanese American Citizens League (JACL)

Front 882

During the 1960s and 1970, Asian Americans made economic gains but continued to face

Back 882

discrimination

Front 883

Dennis Banks and George Mitchell were active in the American _______.

Back 883

Indian movement

Front 884

Dennis Banks and George Mitchell focused on the problems for Native Americans living in _____.

Back 884

cities

Front 885

Dennis Banks and George Mitchell fought for legal rights for ______.

Back 885

Native Americans

Front 886

Chippewa activist and member of the American Indian Movement.

Back 886

Dennis Banks

Front 887

Group that fought for Native American treaty rights and self-government.

Back 887

American Indian Movement (AIM)

Front 888

Restoration of lands illegally taken, autonomy of native Americans, and control of natural resources were all goals of the _.

Back 888

American Indian Movement (AIM)

Front 889

Group that valued youth, spontaneity, and individuality.

Back 889

counterculture or hippies

Front 890

Name for members of the counterculture.

Back 890

hippie

Front 891

Promoted peace, love, and freedom.

Back 891

hippies

Front 892

By rejecting conventional customs, the counterculture (hippies) drew on the example of the ____.

Back 892

Beat Generation

Front 893

Many female hippies chose to wear ____.

Back 893

loose-fitting dresses

Front 894

Cultural changes in the 1960s led to more open discussion of ______.

Back 894

sex

Front 895

People who lived in communal groups rejected traditional ______________.

Back 895

marriage

Front 896

Many young people sought to escape from reality by ____________.

Back 896

using drugs

Front 897

The most serious danger posed by abuse of drugs.

Back 897

overdosing

Front 898

Growing long hair and wearing nontraditional clothes were both parts of the 1960s ________.

Back 898

counterculture

Front 899

The increase of the student population of the 1960s was largely the result of the _____.

Back 899

"baby boom"

Front 900

Popular 1960s rock music group.

Back 900

the Beatles

Front 901

In the 1960s the Beatles performed a new kind of ___.

Back 901

rock music

Front 902

Social phenomenon that occurred during the summer of 1967, centered in the Haight-Ashbury neighborhood of San Francisco, included psychoactive drug use, sexual freedom, and creative expression.

Back 902

Summer of Love

Front 903

400,000 people gathered for a peaceful concert of major rock bands in the summer of 1969.

Back 903

Woodstock

Front 904

What shocked most Americans about Woodstock was the amount of __________.

Back 904

drugs & sex

Front 905

Most hippies were children of the comfortable ____.

Back 905

middle class

Front 906

When the counterculture fell apart, most hippies melted right back into the _______.

Back 906

mainstream

Front 907

The use of harmful chemicals such as DDT was exposed by the book ________.

Back 907

Silent Spring

Front 908

Author of a book detailing the effects of pesticides on the environment.

Back 908

Rachel Carson

Front 909

Rachel Carson published a book in 1962 that started the _____________________.

Back 909

environmental movement

Front 910

A major theme of this book was that humans are part of nature, and all parts of nature interact.

Back 910

Silent Spring

Front 911

Radioactivity being released into the air was the greatest threat posed by _____.

Back 911

Nuclear power plants

Front 912

Worked to ensure the safety of nuclear power plants.

Back 912

Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)

Front 913

Senator from Wisconsin who helped organize the first national Earth Day.

Back 913

Gaylord Nelson

Front 914

In response to environmental activists the government created the ________.

Back 914

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

Front 915

Combined federal agencies concerned with air and water pollution.

Back 915

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

Front 916

Enforced national pollution control standards

Back 916

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

Front 917

Controlled pollutions caused by industry and car emissions.

Back 917

Clean Air Act

Front 918

Regulated wastewater discharges.

Back 918

Clean Water Act

Front 919

In Alaska during the 1970s, the federal government attempted to balance _____.

Back 919

jobs and the environment

Front 920

Man most responsible for the development of the consumer movement of the 1960s.

Back 920

Ralph Nader

Front 921

Wrote a government report exposing the hazards of the automobile.

Back 921

Ralph Nader

Front 922

The passage of automobile safety legislation was the result of a __________.

Back 922

government report

Front 923

Conquered Indochina in the 1800s and controlled it until it was overrun by Japan in WWII.

Back 923

French

Front 924

During WWII the Japanese faced stiff resistance in Indochina (especially in Vietnam) from _______.

Back 924

guerrillas

Front 925

Small groups of loosely organized soldiers who make surprise raids.

Back 925

guerrillas

Front 926

After the Japanese were defeated they set out to re-establish authority in Indochina.

Back 926

French

Front 927

League for the Independence of Vietnam.

Back 927

Vietminh

Front 928

Leader of the Vietminh.

Back 928

Ho Chi Minh

Front 929

Ho Chi Minh was both a nationalist and a ______.

Back 929

communist

Front 930

Vietnamese victory over the French in 1954 that convinced the French to leave Vietnam

Back 930

Dien Bien Phu

Front 931

After 1954 the struggle for Vietnam became part of the _______.

Back 931

Cold War

Front 932

After Dien Bien Phu representatives of Ho Chi Minh, Bao Dai, Cambodia, Laos, France, the U.S., the Soviet Union, China, and Britain arranged a peace settlement.

Back 932

Geneva Accords

Front 933

As a result of the Geneva Accords, Vietnam was _____.

Back 933

divided

Front 934

After Vietnam was divided, Ho Chi Minh's communists controlled North Vietnam and South Vietnam was controlled by noncommunists led by

Back 934

Ngo Dinh Diem

Front 935

Ngo Dinh Diem and the South Vietnamese were supported by the ______.

Back 935

United States

Front 936

The agreement to divide Vietnam included an agreement to hold elections to reunite Vietnam, these elections were never held because _______.

Back 936

Diem and the U.S. feared the communists would win

Front 937

The majority of South Vietnamese actually supported ___________.

Back 937

Ho Chi Minh

Front 938

Catholic and pro-French Vietnamese favored ___.

Back 938

South Vietnam

Front 939

The U.S. supported Ngo Dinh Diem's regime because they feared the _________.

Back 939

spread of communism

Front 940

Ngo Dinh Diem's dictatorial regime alienated many Vietnamese because of its __________.

Back 940

corruption and brutal tactics

Front 941

Many Vietnamese believed South Vietnam was under the foreign domination of the ____.

Back 941

U.S.

Front 942

By the early 1960s many South Vietnamese communist guerrilla fighters, with the support of North Vietnam were fighting against the ____.

Back 942

South Vietnamese forces

Front 943

The fear that if one nation falls to communism, its neighbors will soon follow.

Back 943

domino theory

Front 944

Theory or principle, described by President Eisenhower, that became associated with U.S. involvement in Southeast Asia.

Back 944

domino theory

Front 945

The U.S. got involved in the Vietnam War out of fear that the __________.

Back 945

communists would take over

Front 946

President Eisenhower pledged his support to South Vietnams' Diem and by 1960 about 675 U.S. _____________.

Back 946

military advisors were in Vietnam

Front 947

President Kennedy supported the government of Ngo Dinh Diem because he feared

Back 947

communists would take over

Front 948

His policy in Vietnam was to increase the number of military advisors.

Back 948

President Kennedy

Front 949

Diem increased the opposition to his government by forcing Buddhist to obey ______.

Back 949

Catholic laws

Front 950

When monks burned themselves to death, in opposition to Diem's rule, the U.S. encouraged the South Vietnamese military to

Back 950

overthrow Diem

Front 951

Military leaders in South Vietnam overthrew HIM because he lost American support.

Back 951

Ngo Dinh Diem

Front 952

Diem's successors were not popular and were not successful in fighting the ______.

Back 952

Viet Cong

Front 953

National Liberation Front, the South Vietnamese communist rebels trying to overthrow the government of South Vietnam.

Back 953

Viet Cong

Front 954

Ho Chi Minh determined to unite Vietnam supported the _____.

Back 954

Viet Cong

Front 955

Communist guerrillas who fought to gain control of South Vietnam.

Back 955

Viet Cong

Front 956

President Johnson's objective in Vietnam.

Back 956

Prevent a communist takeover

Front 957

The first attack on an American destroyer by the North Vietnamese, was provoked by a South Vietnamese raid on the North, the second attack didn't actually happen, it was only a false sonar reading.

Back 957

Gulf of Tonkin Incident

Front 958

Claimed that both the first attack in the Gulf of Tonkin and the second (which didn't happen) were both unprovoked.

Back 958

President Lyndon Johnson

Front 959

Used the Gulf of Tonkin Incident to get congress to authorize his enormous escalation of U.S. forces in Vietnam.

Back 959

President Lyndon Johnson

Front 960

In August of 1964 IT was passed by Congress, giving President Johnson the authority to use whatever force he thought necessary in Vietnam.

Back 960

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

Front 961

Number of U.S. men sent to Vietnam from 1964 to 1973.

Back 961

2.5 million

Front 962

A large percentage of the men who served in Vietnam and often as high as two thirds of the men who served in combat were______.

Back 962

drafted

Front 963

About 80% of the soldiers who served in Vietnam came from the ______.

Back 963

working and lower classes

Front 964

U.S. Soldiers in Vietnam were generally not trying to take more territory, their primary objective was to increase the _______.

Back 964

body count

Front 965

Because they came from Vietnamese peasants, the U.S. soldiers had a great deal of difficulty finding and identifying the

Back 965

Viet Cong

Front 966

Because many Vietnamese villagers gave refuge to the Viet Cong, the villages themselves sometimes became

Back 966

military targets

Front 967

Though the Viet Cong lacked the sophisticated equipment of the U.S., they were highly effective at

Back 967

guerrilla war tactics

Front 968

An elaborate tunnel system was one advantage of the _________.

Back 968

Viet Cong

Front 969

Sniper fire and booby traps (including land mines) were techniques used by the _____.

Back 969

Viet Cong

Front 970

When American soldiers discovered that many South Vietnamese people did not appreciate their efforts, they were

Back 970

confused

Front 971

This technique used by Americans to destroy roads and bridges, hurt civilians in both North Vietnam and South Vietnam.

Back 971

saturation bombing

Front 972

In fighting the North Vietnamese, US. Forces used the technique of _______.

Back 972

saturation bombing

Front 973

Using B-52 bombers to drop thousands of tons of explosives over large areas.

Back 973

saturation bombing

Front 974

Many of the bombs dropped, in saturation bombing, threw pieces of their thick metal casings in all directions.

Back 974

fragmentation bombs

Front 975

Were used to expose Viet Cong hiding places.

Back 975

herbicides

Front 976

Most infamous herbicide used by the U.S. in Vietnam.

Back 976

Agent Orange

Front 977

Destructive chemical weapon used by Americans in Vietnam. Dropped from airplanes it splattered and burned uncontrollably.

Back 977

napalm

Front 978

After winning reelection in 1964, President Johnson began a gradual of the Vietnam War.

Back 978

escalation

Front 979

When the Viet Cong attacked Pleiku, within South Vietnam, and killed 8 Americans in 1965, President Johnson responded by authorizing the _______.

Back 979

bombing of North Vietnam

Front 980

Commander of U.S. forces in Vietnam.

Back 980

General William Westmorland

Front 981

Relentless bombing campaign against North Vietnam from 1965 to 1968.

Back 981

Operation Rolling Thunder

Front 982

Those who opposed the Vietnam war in the U.S.

Back 982

doves

Front 983

Those who favored the Vietnam war in the U.S.

Back 983

hawks

Front 984

Troops and supplies poured into South Vietnam from the North, via THIS supply route that passed through Laos and Cambodia.

Back 984

Ho Chi Minh Trail

Front 985

A coordinated attack against cities and bases in South Vietnam, by the Viet Cong & North Vietnamese in 1968.

Back 985

Tet Offensive

Front 986

Converted many Americans to the view that the Vietnam war could not be won.

Back 986

Tet Offensive

Front 987

Incident in which American troops killed from 175 to 400 Vietnamese villagers.

Back 987

My Lai massacre

Front 988

The brutality of American soldiers who killed Vietnamese villagers during this massacre shocked many Americans.

Back 988

My Lai massacre

Front 989

Officer in charge of the My Lai massacre.

Back 989

William Calley

Front 990

The heroics of an American helicopter crew prevented the My Lai massacre death toll from ____.

Back 990

being greater

Front 991

Pilot who along with his crew prevented the My Lai Massacre from being worse.

Back 991

Hugh Thompson

Front 992

Post World War II prosperity gave many young people of the 1960s freedom and opportunities unknown to previous _________________.

Back 992

generations

Front 993

In the early 1960s the generation gap ____.

Back 993

widened

Front 994

The student protest movement of the 1960s emerged from the ________.

Back 994

civil rights movement

Front 995

Organized by civil rights activists, it issued the Port Huron Statement and was influential in the formation of the "New Left."

Back 995

Students for a Democratic Society

Front 996

Written primarily by Tom Hayden it claimed "we would replace power rooted in possession, privilege, or circumstance by power and uniqueness rooted in love, reflectiveness, reason, and creativity."

Back 996

Port Huron Statement

Front 997

The SDS called for power to be rooted in love, reflectiveness, reason and creativity.

Back 997

Port Huron Statement

Front 998

Political movement which believed that problems of racism and poverty, called for radical changes in American society.

Back 998

New Left

Front 999

Sought broader and more democratic change than the old left.

Back 999

New Left

Front 1000

When college professors gathered and expressed their opinions about the Vietnam War.

Back 1000

teach-ins

Front 1001

People who opposed fighting the war on moral or religious grounds were known as ____

Back 1001

conscientious objectors

Front 1002

Most of the people who refused to be drafted in the early 1960s were _______.

Back 1002

conscientious objectors

Front 1003

College students could postpone being drafted into military service by getting a __________.

Back 1003

deferment

Front 1004

Some American questioned the fairness of the draft because THEY could easily avoid the draft.

Back 1004

college students

Front 1005

Many young men avoided the draft by _________.

Back 1005

going to Canada

Front 1006

Due to opposition to the Vietnam war he chose not to run for reelection in 1968.

Back 1006

Lyndon Johnson

Front 1007

The success of the antiwar candidate Eugene McCarthy and the entrance of antiwar candidate Robert Kennedy into the Presidential race, contributed to Johnson not running for _____.

Back 1007

reelection

Front 1008

Republican Candidate in the 1968 Presidential election.

Back 1008

Richard Nixon

Front 1009

In 1968 the Democratic party was split by the same issues___.

Back 1009

dividing the nation

Front 1010

The split in the democratic party led to protests at THIS EVENT and the brutal suppression of those protests by Mayor Daley.

Back 1010

democratic convention of 1968

Front 1011

Democratic candidate in the 1968 Presidential election.

Back 1011

Hubert Humphrey

Front 1012

A third party candidate in 1968, he appealed to blue-collar voters in the North, who resented campus radicals and antiwar activists.

Back 1012

George Wallace

Front 1013

In an era of chaos and confrontation middle America turned to the Republican party for

Back 1013

stability

Front 1014

Winner of the 1968 Presidential election.

Back 1014

Richard Nixon

Front 1015

At the end of his presidency Johnson cut back on the bombing and called for _____.

Back 1015

peace negotiations

Front 1016

New policy in Vietnam announced by Nixon in 1969.

Back 1016

Vietnamization

Front 1017

Policy of replacing American forces with South Vietnamese soldiers.

Back 1017

Vietnamization

Front 1018

In 1970, President Nixon announced that the U.S. forces would invade _______.

Back 1018

Cambodia

Front 1019

Nixon was willing to intensify the war in order to strengthen America's position at the ___.

Back 1019

peace talks

Front 1020

Negotiations that ended U.S. involvement in Vietnam.

Back 1020

Paris peace talks

Front 1021

Term used by Nixon to refer to the large number of American people who he believed supported his Vietnam policies.

Back 1021

silent majority

Front 1022

Nixon's invasion of Cambodia reignited ________.

Back 1022

student protests in the 1970s

Front 1023

The primary focus of the protest movement of the 1960s was to demand _____.

Back 1023

U.S. withdrawal from Vietnam

Front 1024

Tensions between students who opposed the war and National Guardsman resulted in four deaths at _____.

Back 1024

Kent State

Front 1025

Brought the brutality of the Vietnam war into people's living rooms.

Back 1025

Television

Front 1026

As Nixon withdrew troops from Vietnam he resumed ______________.

Back 1026

resumed bombing raids

Front 1027

Under increasing pressure to end U.S. involvement in Vietnam he negotiated the Paris Peace Accord in 1973.

Back 1027

Richard Nixon

Front 1028

The U.S. agreed to withdraw its troops and North Vietnam agreed not to send any more troops into the South.

Back 1028

Paris Peace Accord

Front 1029

The seventeenth parallel would continue to divide North & South Vietnam, all prisoners of war would be released, and the U.S would withdrawal from Vietnam.

Back 1029

Paris Peace Accord

Front 1030

Year that the Vietnam Peace Treaty was signed.

Back 1030

1973

Front 1031

Two years after the U.S. had withdrawn from Vietnam the _______.

Back 1031

North Vietnamese conquered South Vietnam

Front 1032

The Vietnam war ended in 1975 when North Vietnam ____.

Back 1032

gained control of all of Vietnam

Front 1033

After the last Americans fled Saigon, the North Vietnamese completed ___________.

Back 1033

their conquest of South Vietnam

Front 1034

The year the Vietnam War ended.

Back 1034

1975

Front 1035

Also fell to communism after the U.S. withdrew from Vietnam

Back 1035

Cambodia & Laos

Front 1036

Communist guerrillas who came to power in Cambodia.

Back 1036

Khmer Rouge

Front 1037

Ruler of the Khmer Rouge who oversaw work camps and the genocide of more than a million Cambodians.

Back 1037

Pol Pot

Front 1038

After Cambodia and Laos communism did not spread any farther in ______.

Back 1038

Southeast Asia

Front 1039

A flood of refugees to the U.S. from Southeast Asia was one _______________.

Back 1039

legacy of the Vietnam War

Front 1040

Was created to help heal the wounds created by the Vietnam war.

Back 1040

Vietnam Memorial

Front 1041

In 1968, the Republicans chose this former Vice President as their candidate for President.

Back 1041

Richard Nixon

Front 1042

As national security adviser and Secretary of State, HE played a major role in shaping Nixon's foreign policy.

Back 1042

Henry Kissinger

Front 1043

Group of nations that sets oil prices and production levels. (mostly Arab nations)

Back 1043

OPEC

Front 1044

Because the U.S. backed Israel in its 1973 war with Egypt and Syria, OPEC imposed and embargo on the shipping of ______.

Back 1044

Oil to the U.S.

Front 1045

In 1973 it resulted in higher inflation and a recession in the U.S.

Back 1045

OPEC's Oil embargo

Front 1046

Included easing guidelines for desegregation and an attempt by the Justice Department to prevent the extension of the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

Back 1046

Nixon's "southern strategy"

Front 1047

First two people to walk on the moon on July 20, 1969.

Back 1047

Neil Armstrong & "Buzz" Aldrin

Front 1048

Bringing about détente with the Soviet Union and China was perhaps HIS greatest accomplishment in foreign affairs.

Back 1048

President Nixon

Front 1049

Relaxation of tensions between the U.S. and the USSR in the 1970s.

Back 1049

détente

Front 1050

Nixon wanted to use America's friendship with China to help in negotiations with the _________.

Back 1050

Soviet Union

Front 1051

Proved that the superpowers could reach agreements relating to nuclear arms control.

Back 1051

SALT I Treaty

Front 1052

Froze the number of missiles the U.S. & USSR could produce.

Back 1052

SALT I Treaty

Front 1053

Documents handed over to the New York Times by Daniel Ellsberg, which revealed that Presidents from Truman to Johnson had deceived Congress and the American people about the real situation in Vietnam.

Back 1053

Pentagon Papers

Front 1054

A group formed with Nixon's approval to stop government leaks.

Back 1054

Plumbers

Front 1055

The Plumbers and the Committee to Reelect the President were formed to ensure the overwhelming victory for ______.

Back 1055

Nixon in 1972

Front 1056

Because the Committee to Reelect the President wanted to wiretap the Democratic National Committee they had people break-in to the ____.

Back 1056

Watergate Hotel

Front 1057

Were caught attempting to wiretap Democrats' phones.

Back 1057

Watergate burglars

Front 1058

The trials and sentencing of the Watergate burglars led to testimony to a Senate committee about _____.

Back 1058

White House involvement

Front 1059

As a result of the Watergate scandal Richard Nixon __________.

Back 1059

resigned

Front 1060

President Ford's most controversial act as President.

Back 1060

pardoning Nixon

Front 1061

President Ford faced an economy experiencing both rising unemployment and rising inflation.

Back 1061

stagflation

Front 1062

Law limiting when a President can get involved in foreign conflicts without a formal declaration of war.

Back 1062

War Powers Act

Front 1063

In 1975, when Ford asked for military aid to try to save South Vietnam, Congress used the _____.

Back 1063

War Powers Act to say no

Front 1064

Was chosen by the democrats as their presidential candidate in 1976.

Back 1064

Jimmy Carter

Front 1065

The basic issue of the 1976 presidential campaign was ____.

Back 1065

trust

Front 1066

He assumed the role of peacemaker to negotiate the Camp David Accords between Israel and Egypt.

Back 1066

Jimmy Carter

Front 1067

The hostage crisis in Iran helped Ronald Reagan to _____.

Back 1067

defeat Jimmy Carter in 1980

Front 1068

Criticized both the New Deal and the Great Society for having expanded the size of the federal government.

Back 1068

Conservatives

Front 1069

Rock music, affirmative action, and the women's movement all troubled ___.

Back 1069

Conservatives

Front 1070

Coalition of conservative groups in the 1980s.

Back 1070

New Right

Front 1071

Political organization that wanted to restore Christian values to the society.

Back 1071

Moral Majority

Front 1072

The election of 1980 was especially significant because it demonstrated that conservatives controlled the _______.

Back 1072

nation's agenda

Front 1073

According to this theory, a cut in taxes would make the economy grow faster by putting more money into the hands of businesses.

Back 1073

supply-side economics

Front 1074

Cutting taxes and cutting government regulations were two major elements of HIS economic plan.

Back 1074

Ronald Reagan

Front 1075

President Reagan's economic program was based on the theory of ______.

Back 1075

supply-side economics

Front 1076

Reagan believed government regulations needed to be reduced because they ______.

Back 1076

stifled competition

Front 1077

Under Reagan, programs created by Lyndon Johnson's Great Society were ______.

Back 1077

cut back

Front 1078

A plan by both Nixon and Reagan to redistribute power from the federal government to the states and local government.

Back 1078

New Federalism

Front 1079

Plan to build a massive satellite shield to protect the U.S. from incoming missiles.

Back 1079

Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)

Front 1080

Reagan ordered a huge military build up to defend America's interest in the ____.

Back 1080

Cold War

Front 1081

In 1981, THIS highly threatening disease of the immune system was discovered.

Back 1081

AIDS

Front 1082

First female Justice on the U.S. Supreme Court.

Back 1082

Sandra Day O'Connor

Front 1083

In the area of civil rights, President Reagan worked to end some __________.

Back 1083

affirmative action programs

Front 1084

Critics charged that President Reagan's conservative policies led to a larger gap between the _____.

Back 1084

rich and the poor

Front 1085

During the 1980s the gap between America's rich and poor ____.

Back 1085

widened considerably

Front 1086

Secret operation to arm rebels in Nicaragua.

Back 1086

Iran-Contra affair

Front 1087

In Nicaragua Reagan wanted to overthrow the ____.

Back 1087

Marxist government

Front 1088

Nicaraguan anti-communist guerrilla fighters.

Back 1088

Contras

Front 1089

It caused the most serious criticism that the Reagan administration ever faced.

Back 1089

Iran-Contra affair

Front 1090

1987 agreement calling for the destruction of 2,500 Soviet and U.S. missiles in Europe.

Back 1090

INF Treaty (Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty)

Front 1091

During HIS second term, U.S. relations with the Soviet Union improved.

Back 1091

Ronald Reagan

Front 1092

Reform leader of the Soviet Union with which Reagan developed a close relationship.

Back 1092

Mikhail Gorbachev

Front 1093

Gorbachev's new policy of "political openness."

Back 1093

glasnost

Front 1094

Gorbachev's new policy to restructure the Soviet economy and allow limited free enterprise.

Back 1094

Perestroika

Front 1095

Soviet policies that helped end the Cold War by helping cause the fall of Communist regimes in Eastern Europe.

Back 1095

perestroika and glasnost

Front 1096

Gorbachev's policies of perestroika and glasnost resulted in better relations with the _____.

Back 1096

United States

Front 1097

Improved relations with the Soviet Union resulting from Gorbachev's policies led to arms _______.

Back 1097

reduction talks

Front 1098

During the campaign for President in 1988, George Bush promised that he would not ______.

Back 1098

raise taxes

Front 1099

George H.W. Bush won the presidency partially by attacking THIS PERSON'S record on crime.

Back 1099

Michael Dukakis

Front 1100

In the late 1980s, a series of anti-Communist revolts broke out in ___.

Back 1100

Eastern Europe

Front 1101

The end of the Cold War was signaled by the signing of ________.

Back 1101

arms-control treaties between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R.

Front 1102

Called for dramatic cuts in American and Soviet supplies of long-range nuclear weapons.

Back 1102

Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START)

Front 1103

When the Soviet Union collapsed, the U.S. promoted a move toward Western-style democracy in the ___________.

Back 1103

former Soviet states

Front 1104

Saddam Hussein's invasion of Kuwait began the ____.

Back 1104

Persian Gulf War

Front 1105

A major reason that President George Bush responded forcefully to Iraq's invasion of Kuwait was that he wanted to protect the ______.

Back 1105

flow of oil to the West

Front 1106

Conflict in which Iraq was driven out of Kuwait by U.N. forces.

Back 1106

Persian Gulf War

Front 1107

In the early 1990s, unemployment rose when companies engaged in laying off workers to cut costs.

Back 1107

downsizing

Front 1108

To deal with the recession of the early 1990s he agreed to raise taxes as part of a deficit-reduction plan. (contrary to his earlier promise)

Back 1108

President George H.W. Bush

Front 1109

Won the presidency in 1992 with 43% of the popular vote.

Back 1109

Bill Clinton

Front 1110

A successful businessman, who ran as a third-party candidate for President in both 1992 & 1996.

Back 1110

Ross Perot

Front 1111

Dominant issue in the presidential campaign of 1992.

Back 1111

the economy

Front 1112

President Clinton wanted to reform the healthcare system because millions of Americans did not have _____.

Back 1112

health insurance

Front 1113

President Clinton's first budget aimed to reduce the deficit by ______.

Back 1113

spending cuts & tax increases

Front 1114

For the first time in 40 years, Republicans won a majority in both houses of Congress, in the ____.

Back 1114

1994 congressional elections

Front 1115

Republican pledge to limit the role of the federal government, cut regulations and taxes, and balance the budget.

Back 1115

Contract with America

Front 1116

Former Senate Majority Leader who ran for President in 1996.

Back 1116

Bob Dole

Front 1117

The reason given by the House of Representatives for impeaching President Clinton was that he had _______.

Back 1117

lied under oath

Front 1118

To charge government official with wrongdoing.

Back 1118

impeach

Front 1119

President Clinton was impeached by the House of Representatives but he was not _______.

Back 1119

convicted by the Senate

Front 1120

The confusion over ballot reports from this state led to controversy in the Presidential election of 2000.

Back 1120

Florida

Front 1121

Confusion over the ballot reports in Florida, during the election of 2000, led to the final decision about the recount being made by the ______.

Back 1121

Supreme Court

Front 1122

Won the Presidential election of 2000 after the Supreme Court decided he should get Florida's electoral vote.

Back 1122

George W. Bush

Front 1123

Democratic candidate for President, in 2000, who won the largest percentage of the popular vote but lost in the electoral college.

Back 1123

Al Gore

Front 1124

Most of George W. Bush's support in the 2000 election came from what sections of the country?

Back 1124

the South and the Midwest

Front 1125

Systematic separation of people of different racial backgrounds.

Back 1125

apartheid

Front 1126

The U.S. imposed economic sanctions on South Africa to protest its policy of _____.

Back 1126

apartheid

Front 1127

Imprisoned in South Africa for 27 years, HE became that country's president after apartheid.

Back 1127

Nelson Mandela

Front 1128

The U.S. sent billions of dollars in aid to Russia for the use in creating a __________.

Back 1128

free market economy

Front 1129

The breakup of THIS former Communist country, in the early 1990s, brought the worst violence in Europe since World War II.

Back 1129

Yugoslavia

Front 1130

Yasir Arafat of the PLO and Yitzhak Rabin of Israel signed a historic peace agreement in ______. (year)

Back 1130

1993

Front 1131

American foreign policy in the post-Cold War era had to contend with violent turmoil in _____. (3 places)

Back 1131

the Balkans, Africa, and the Middle East

Front 1132

On September 11, 2001, terrorists hijacked planes and flew them into the _____.

Back 1132

World Trade Center towers and the Pentagon

Front 1133

Because ITS government, run by the Taliban, had supported Al Qaeda, in 2001 the U.S. attacked _____.

Back 1133

Afghanistan

Front 1134

Starting in 1965, U.S. immigration policy contributed to the nation's increasing ______.

Back 1134

diversity

Front 1135

In the 1990s, most immigrants to the U.S. came from ___.

Back 1135

Asia and Latin America

Front 1136

American immigration policy as of 1990 has been characterized by ______.

Back 1136

easier admissions

Front 1137

A policy that gives special consideration to women and members of minority groups to make up for past discrimination.

Back 1137

Affirmative action

Front 1138

What was the main issue in the debate over affirmative action?

Back 1138

fairness

Front 1139

Fastest growing age group in the U.S., in the 1990s is the people over 65.

Back 1139

"the graying of America"

Front 1140

The greatest threat to Social Security and Medicare during, and since, the 1990s was the rapidly growing number of Americans over ______.

Back 1140

65 years of age

Front 1141

Older Americans pushed for a prohibition against forced _______.

Back 1141

retirement at a given age

Front 1142

The growth of industries that use computer technology has increased the demand for _____.

Back 1142

educated workers

Front 1143

The internet has increased the demand for what type of services?

Back 1143

internet and technology

Front 1144

In the 1990s there was a continuing growth of global ___.

Back 1144

trade

Front 1145

Pact called for the removal of trade restrictions between the U.S., Canada, and Mexico. Created a free trade zone in North America.

Back 1145

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

Front 1146

Businesses that operates in more than one country.

Back 1146

Multinational corporations