Mccurdy Us History Ch. 9

Front 1

In 1890, only 160 African Americans were attending white colleges. Many more were studying at the nations ______________.

Back 1

African American Institutions

Front 2

A number, including Atlanta University, Fisk University, Hampton Institute, and Howard University were created during Reconstruction.

Back 2

Black Colleges

Front 3

African American colleges founded during reconstruction were founded through the efforts of ______________. (2 groups)

Back 3

American Missionary Association and the Freedmen's Bureau

Front 4

African American leader who adopted a moderate approach in addressing racism and segregation. (turn of the century)

Back 4

Booker T. Washington

Front 5

He urged fellow blacks to learn vocational skills. Skills that would give them economic security.

Back 5

Booker T. Washington

Front 6

He wanted blacks to strive for gradual improvements in their social, political, and economic status.

Back 6

Booker T. Washington

Front 7

Founded the Tuskegee Institute in 1881.

Back 7

Booker T. Washington

Front 8

African American most opposed to the gradual approach of achieving equal rights. (turn of the century)

Back 8

W.E.B. Du Bois

Front 9

Opposed Booker T. Washington's approach to African American rights.

Back 9

W.E.B. Du Bois

Front 10

Advocated immediate equal treatment and equal education opportunities for blacks.

Back 10

W.E.B. Du Bois

Front 11

The type of education W.E.B. Du Bois urged African Americans to achieve in schools.

Back 11

liberal arts

Front 12

Du Bois believed African Americans needed a liberal arts education so that they provide leadership in the _______.

Back 12

fight for civil rights

Front 13

Du Bois helped found this group of African Americans, in 1905, that called for full civil liberties, an end to racial discrimination, and recognition of human brotherhood.

Back 13

Niagara Movement

Front 14

Interracial institution founded in 1909, with the purpose to abolish segregation and discrimination, to oppose racism, and to gain civil rights for African Americans.

Back 14

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.

Front 15

NAACP

Back 15

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.

Front 16

Early leader in the NAACP and editor of its magazine, Crisis.

Back 16

W.E.B. Du Bois

Front 17

When federal troops left the South with the end of Reconstruction, African Americans began to see their newly won freedoms _______.

Back 17

disappear

Front 18

Term used by Du Bois to describe the problems of segregation, discrimination, and racism.

Back 18

the Color Line

Front 19

Southern whites were concerned that blacks would gain too much political power if they were allowed to ______.

Back 19

vote

Front 20

To keep blacks from voting some states required voters to own property or pay a ___.

Back 20

poll tax

Front 21

A fee which must be paid for a person to vote.

Back 21

poll tax

Front 22

Tests to demonstrate that you could read and write and demonstrate minimum standards of knowledge in order to vote.

Back 22

literacy tests

Front 23

Like poll taxes literacy tests were intended to keep _______.

Back 23

blacks from voting

Front 24

The problem with property requirements, poll taxes, and literacy tests is that they could also keep ______.

Back 24

poor whites from voting

Front 25

Were used so that property requirements, poll taxes, and literacy tests would not keep poor whites from voting.

Back 25

grandfather clauses

Front 26

Segregation by the sanction of law.

Back 26

de jure segregation

Front 27

Segregation as the result of custom, such as housing patterns.

Back 27

de facto segregation

Front 28

The legal (de jure) segregation of the races that existed in the South following Reconstruction.

Back 28

Jim Crow

Front 29

Laws that required segregation in the South after Reconstruction.

Back 29

Jim Crow laws

Front 30

Required the separation of blacks and whites in schools, parks, public buildings, hospitals, and on transportation systems. Even required blacks to use separate restrooms and water fountains.

Back 30

Jim Crow laws

Front 31

Supreme Court case that upheld Jim Crow laws.

Back 31

Plessy v. Ferguson

Front 32

Supreme Court case that established the "separate-but-equal" doctrine.

Back 32

Plessy v. Ferguson

Front 33

Doctrine that segregated facilities did not violate the 14th amendment's equal protection of the laws as long as facilities were "equal."

Back 33

"separate-but-equal" doctrine

Front 34

The 14th amendment the court stated, was "not intended to give Negroes social equality but only political and civil equality."

Back 34

Plessy v. Ferguson

Front 35

Because the "equal" part in the "separate-but-equal" doctrine was difficult to enforce public facilities for blacks were almost never _____.

Back 35

equal

Front 36

In the South another way blacks were kept "in their place" was a system of etiquette that required blacks to always show ________.

Back 36

deference to whites

Front 37

respectful submission or yielding to the judgment, opinion, will, etc., of another.

Back 37

deference

Front 38

If blacks in the South overstepped their status as second class citizens they might be subjected to _____.

Back 38

violence

Front 39

Worst type of violence directed toward blacks in the post reconstruction South.

Back 39

lynching

Front 40

The murder of an accused person by a mob without a lawful trial.

Back 40

lynching

Front 41

The estimated number of African Americans lynched between 1882 and 1892.

Back 41

1,200

Front 42

Those who carried out the lynchings in the South were rarely pursued or caught, much less ____.

Back 42

punished

Front 43

To escape violence and legal segregation many blacks moved to the _____.

Back 43

North

Front 44

African Americans who fled to the north to escape legal segregation and discrimination often found _______.

Back 44

de facto discrimination

Front 45

Even in the North blacks were subjected to it in schools, housing, and employment.

Back 45

de facto discrimination

Front 46

Blacks who moved to the north often competed with American-born whites and immigrants for _____.

Back 46

jobs

Front 47

In the North whites fears of racial equality and of losing their jobs resulted in _____.

Back 47

race riots

Front 48

The NAACP worked to fight discrimination primarily through the _____.

Back 48

courts

Front 49

Was founded by Booker T. Washington to help black owned businesses.

Back 49

National Negro Business League

Front 50

African American woman who came from a family of ex-slaves and sharecroppers and started a mail order company to become a self-made millionaire.

Back 50

Madam C.J. Walker