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168 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nationalism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Militarism
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Causes of World War I
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A desire to expand and be more powerful than other nations.
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Nationalism
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A desire by a national group to have its own state or country.
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Nationalism
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Establishing authority over areas of the world outside a country's natural boundaries.
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Imperialism
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Establishing colonies throughout the world.
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Imperialism
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Resulted in conflicts over colonial possessions.
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Imperialism
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One of the main causes of the war, imperialism, involved acquiring __________.
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uncolonized areas around the world
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The glorification of armed strength.
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Militarism
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Militarism resulted in an _______.
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arms race
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the policy of aggressively building up a nation's armed forces.
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militarism
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Militarism and imperialism were components of ____________.
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Nationalism
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European nations sought a new balance of power through __________.
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alliances
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Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. (Name of Alliance)
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Triple Alliance
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Kaiser William II let Germany's friendship treaty lapse with ___________.
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Russia
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Great Britain, France and Russia (name of alliance)
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Triple Entente
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Pulled all of Europe into the war.
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Alliance system/ Alliances
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Caused nations to stand up to other nations when they might not have otherwise done so.
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Alliances/Alliance System
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German ruler during WWI
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Kaiser William II (Kaiser Wilhelm II)
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Wanted Alsace and Lorraine back from Germany.
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France
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Austria-Hungary and Ottoman Turkey feared they would lose territory in the ____
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Balkans
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Held that all Slavic people shared a common nationality.
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Pan-Slavism
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Unrest in this region made it a "powder keg" prior to World War I.
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Balkans
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Austria-Hungary and Russia struggled over the _____________. (area)
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Balkans
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Province of Austria-Hungary with a large Serbian population
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Bosnia
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Nationalists from this country believed Bosnia should belong to their country.
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Serbia
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Heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne.
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Archduke Francis Ferdinand
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Was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist.
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Archduke Francis Ferdinand
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What event sparked World War I?
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Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand
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Germany promised Austria-Hungary total support.
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"Blank Check"
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Russians and Serbians were both _________.
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Slavic
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Austria-Hungary issued Serbia an __________.
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Ultimatum
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Austria-Hungary's ultimatum would have limited ____________.
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Serbia's independence
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In the first move of the war Austria Hungary declared war on ___________.
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Serbia
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Nation that supported Serbia
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Russia
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To get an army in position for war. (term)
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Mobilize
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Russia decided to mobilize early because it lacked ____________.
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railroads
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In German eyes Russia's mobilization amounted to a ____________.
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declaration of war
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Declared war on Russia.
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Germany
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When France promised to support Russia __________.
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Germany declared war on France
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Germany hoped to avoid fighting a _________.
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two front war
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German plan to defeat France before Russia could mobilize.
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Schlieffen Plan
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The Schlieffen Plan was intended to keep Germany from fighting a __________.
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two front war
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Germany requested passage to France through ______________.
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neutral Belgium
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Germany invaded France through ___________.
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neutral Belgium
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It declared war on Germany because Germany had violated Belgium neutrality.
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Great Britain
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World War I began in ______. (year)
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1914
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Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Turks and their allies. (what they were called)
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Central Powers
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France, Britain, Russia and their allies. (what they were called)
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Allies
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Allied victory that saved Paris. (early in the war)
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Battle of the Marne
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Allied victory that destroyed the Schlieffen Plan
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Battle of the Marne
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Made the defense stronger than the offense. (in warfare)
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Trench Warfare
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Made the fighting even more brutal. (in warfare)
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Trench Warfare
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As a result of trench warfare the war became a ____________.
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stalemate
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In a struggle where neither side can improve its position
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stalemate
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Played a major part in the deadlock and slaughter of trench warfare. (weapon)
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Machine Gun
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Generals who did not understand the killing power of modern weapons kept giving the order to _______.
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attack
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Choked and blinded victims. (weapon)
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Poison Gas
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The space between two sets of trenches.
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No-man's-land
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Most World War I soldiers were __________.
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draftees
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When countries mobilize all their resources into the war effort.
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Total War
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Used by governments to conserve supplies
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Rationing
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Using information to encourage a particular point of view.
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Propaganda
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Propaganda was used by both sides in an attempt to win the support of the ______.
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U.S.
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Were more effective in the use of propaganda.
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Allies
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Country that actively encouraged anti-German feeling in the United States.
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Great Britain
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Most Americans opposed the Central Powers because of Germany's frightening _______.
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militarism
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To protect American investments and the ability to trade Wilson declared the U.S. a _____.
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neutral country
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Called for strengthening U.S. armed forces in case the U.S. needed to aid Great Britain
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Preparedness movement
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Worked to keep the U.S. neutral in both thought and deed, and to prevent even the preparation for war.
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Peace Movement
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Both sides attempted to prevent the enemy from getting supplies. (method)
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blockades
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The Allies had a more effective blockade because of the ____________.
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British Navy
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To make their blockade more effective the Germans began to use ____________.
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Submarine Warfare
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At the beginning of the war German U-boats would surface and give warning before attacking ________.
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merchant ships
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After Britain armed merchant ships to fire on U-boats, the German U-boats refused to surface and give ______.
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warning
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Broke international law by not giving warning or taking passengers.
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Submarine Warfare
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The German U-boat changed the rules of war because it remained hidden and ______.
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fired without warning
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When the British cut the transatlantic cable connecting Germany and the U.S. all news coming to the U.S. from the European front had a ____.
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pro-Allied bias
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British Luxury liner sunk by German Sub. (120 Americans die)
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Lusitania
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American thought German submarine warfare was _____.
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uncivilized
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German submarines aimed to attack ships that were carrying _____.
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Weapons to the Allies
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After the German's sank the French Sussex, the U.S. threatened to cut _______.
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diplomatic ties with Germany
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German government promised that German U-boats would warn ships before attacking.
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Sussex pledge
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Wilson won re-election in 1916 on the motto ________.
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"He kept us out of war"
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To starve the allies in hopes of defeating them before America entered the war Germany resumed ______________.
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unrestricted submarine warfare
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The U.S. broke of diplomatic relations with Germany when Germany _______.
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violated the Sussex Pledge
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In the ____, Germany proposed an alliance with Mexico.
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Zimmerman note
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Was the first of the major countries to become exhausted from total war.
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Russia
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Resulted in the setting up of a liberal government. (during World War I)
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First Russian Revolution (of 1917)
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The fall of the Autocratic czar in the first Russian revolution removed one last stumbling block to the U.S. __________.
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joining the Allies
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When Germany sank three U.S. ships Wilson urged Congress to ___________.
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declare war on Germany
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A major factor in the decision of the U.S. to enter World War I was Germany's use of ______.
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unrestricted submarine warfare
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Year the U.S. entered WWI.
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1917
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When he was sent to Europe with a small token force he realized he needed more troops and called for a much larger army.
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General John J. Pershing
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Was used to draft young men into U.S. military forces.
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Selective Service Act
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The feeling in the U.S. that WWI was the "war to end all wars" led to widespread acceptance of the ______.
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draft
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Included American draftees, volunteers, and National Guardsmen.
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American Expeditionary Force
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A group of unarmed ships surrounded by armed ships.
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convoy
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The purpose of the convoy system was to transport _________.
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troops and supplies safely across the Atlantic
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The convoy system, instituted in May 1917, cut __________.
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merchant marine losses in half
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Because Pershing believed the allied troops had become too defensive he kept AEF independent of the ______.
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Allied armies
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In World War I African American troops were ________________ and rarely allowed to fight
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segregated
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In World War I African American troops were segregated and __________________.
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rarely allowed to fight
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African Americans fighting in World War I were used mostly for ________.
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manual labor
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Loaned to the French and integrated into the French army the entire regiment received France's highest combat medal.
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Harlem Hell Fighters
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Secret weapon shipped into Russia by the Germans.
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Vladimir Lenin
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Results in the setting up of a Communist Gov.
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Second Russian Revolution (of 1917)
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After Vladimir Lenin seized control of Russia in 1917 he withdrew _________.
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Russia from the war
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Communist Russia makes a separate peace with Germany.
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Treaty of Brest Litovsk
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Allows Germany to fight a one front war.
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Treaty of Brest Litovsk
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The area of contact between opposing sides in warfare.
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front
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Russia's exit from the war increased the pressure on the __________.
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Allies
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Being able to fight a one front war the Germans made a massive push and came to within ____________.
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50 miles of Paris
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At Chateau-Thierry, American marines helped save _________.
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Paris
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28,000 American troops joined the French and forced the Germans back across the river ending any hopes of German victory.
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Second Battle of the Marne
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Using this new weapon, which could cross trenches and roll through barbed wire, the Allies began to break the German lines.
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tank
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As Germany weakened, the Allies sought the ___________.
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unconditional surrender of Germany.
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In this final allied assault, over a million AEF troops began the drive to expel the Germans from France.
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Meuse-Argonne Offensive
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Machine gun, tanks, submarines, airplanes, gas and zeppelins.
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new weapons of WWI
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New weapons and trench warfare turned WWI into a _____________.
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war of attrition
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When the winner in war is determined by who can continue to fight the longest.
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war of attrition
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Helps break the stalemate and bring an allied victory.
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U.S. entrance
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Ends the fighting after the Kaiser abdicated his throne.
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Armistice
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Date of the Armistice
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1918
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Was signed by civilian representatives of the new German Republic that replaced the Kaiser.
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Armistice
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In the last few months of the War it killed more people world wide than all of the wartime battles.
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Influenza Epidemic
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Was brought to Europe from America by American soldiers.
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Influenza Epidemic
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Killed over half a million Americans and perhaps 30 million people world wide before it came to an end.
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Influenza Epidemic
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Number of American soldiers that died in battle.
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50,000
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Estimated total death toll of soldiers and sailors in the war.
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8 million
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Were victims of a Genocide attempt by the Ottoman Turks who suspected them of disloyalty to the government.
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Armenians
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Organized killing of an entire people.
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genocide
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Were sold to help the U.S. finance the war.
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Liberty Bonds
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Enabled the U.S. to loan more than $10 billion to the Allies.
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Liberty Bonds
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During World War I the federal government regulated the production of ___________.
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war goods
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The U.S. government increased control of the economy during World War I by overseeing ______.
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war-related production
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Had far-reaching powers including the ability to fix prices.
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War Industries Board
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Minorities and women found employment opportunities mainly in _________.
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war-related industries
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Gave the President the power to regulate the production and consumption of foods and fuels vital to the war effort.
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Lever Food and Fuel Control Act
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As head of the Food Administration, he worked to increase farm output and reduce waste.
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Herbert Hoover
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Fears of spies and sabotage in the U.S. during the war led to repression of _________.
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free speech
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Fears of spies and sabotage in the U.S. during the war led to restrictions on _________.
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immigration
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The passage of a literacy test for immigrants marked the revival of ________.
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nativism
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Fears of spies and sabotage in the U.S. during the war led to discrimination and violence toward _________.
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German Americans
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Made it illegal to discuss anything negative about the government, the Constitution, the army, or the navy.
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the Sedition Act
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Violated the First Amendment's guarantee of freedom of speech. (during WWI)
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the Sedition Act
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IT gained strength during WWI, but it also became the target of government efforts to control political radicals.
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International Workers of the World (IWW)
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The need for labor during the war resulted in the mass movement of African Americans to northern cities.
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the Great Migration
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As a result of WWI about 400,000 joined the industrial work force for the first time.
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women
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Russia and the defeated Central powers were not invited to the _____________.
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Paris Peace Conference
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Most influential man at the peace conference.
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Woodrow Wilson
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Leader of the American delegation to the peace conference
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Woodrow Wilson
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Wilson's goals for the war and peace plan after the war.
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Fourteen Points
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Included reduction of armaments, national self determination, end to secret alliances, and a League of Nations.
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Fourteen Points
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Attempting to draw boundaries around recognizable national groups.
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National Self Determination
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Was to support peace by solving conflict through negotiations.
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League of Nations
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It was based on the idea of collective security.
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League of Nations
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System in which a group of nations acts as one to preserve the peace of all.
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Collective Security
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Wilson compromised on other points to secure the inclusion of the ______________.
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League of Nations
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The U.S. Senate did not ratify the Treaty of Versailles because they thought the _________ would limit the war making powers of congress.
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League of Nations
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Opposed the Versailles Treaty because they did not want to join the League of Nations.
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"irreconcilable" Senators
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Many Republicans in the Senate objected to Article 10 of the League of Nations charter because they feared that the nation would be _____.
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drawn into foreign wars.
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Placed total blame for the war on Germany
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Treaty of Versailles
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The Treaty of Versailles forced Germany to pay ____________.
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reparations
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Payment for damages in a war.
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reparations
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The treaty of Versailles failed to create a lasting peace because it was ___________.
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too harsh on Germany
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Postwar adjustments were difficult in the U.S. because there was no plan for merging the returning troops __________.
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back into society
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The main economic problem facing veterans, returning from the war, was a shortage of ____.
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jobs
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By the end of the war, many Americans directly involved in the war had become disillusioned by the ____________.
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realities of war
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