Mcc Week 3 Leukopenia And Leukocytosis

Front 1

Leukopenia

Back 1

WBC<5k is called leukopenia

Refers to a decreased number of circulating neutrophils.

Front 2

3 Causes of Leukopenia

Back 2

1. Drug toxicity (chemotherapy with alkylating agents). Damage to stem cells results in decreased production of WBCs. Especially neutrophils.
2. Severe infection (e.g. gram-negative sepsis)- increased movement of neutrophils into tissues.
3. GM-CSF or G-CSF may be used pharmacologically to boost granulocyte production, thereby decreasing the risk of infection.

Front 3

Lymphopenia

Back 3

decreased number of circulating lymphocytes

Front 4

4 causes of lymphopenia

Back 4

1. Immunodeficiency
2. High cortisol state(e.g., exogenous corticosteroids or Cushing Syndrome)
3. Autoimmne destruction (systempic lupus erythmeatosus)
4. Whole body radiation- lymphocytes are highly sensitive to radiation. Lymphopenia is earliest change to emerge.

Front 5

Leukocytosis

Back 5

Increased number of leukocytes (neutrophilic leukocytosis, monocytosis, eosinophilia, basophilia, lymphocytic leukocytosis).

Front 6

Infectious Mononucleosis (IM)

Back 6

Pathology: Epstein-Barr Virus. Results in lymphocytic leukocytosis comprised of reactive CD8+ T Cells. Transmitted via saliva. Infects oropharynx, liver, B cells.
Clinical Features: 1. Generalized lymphadenopathy (LAD) due to T-cell hyperplasia. 2. Splenomegaly due to T-cell hyperplasia in the PALS. 3. High WBC count with atypical lymphocytes (reactive CD8+ T Cells) in the blood.
Populations: Teenager.
Detection: Monospot test is used for screening.
Complications: Increased risk for splenic rupture; avoid sports 1 yr. Rash if exposed to ampicillin and Dormancy of virus in B cels leads to increase reccurrence.

Front 7

IM

Back 7

atypical lymphocyte of infectious mononucleosis

Front 8

Basic Principles: Acute leukemia

Back 8

1. Defined as the accumulation of >20% blasts in the bone marrow.
2. Increased blasts "crowd-out" normal hematopoiesis, resulting in an "acute" presentation with anemia (fatigue), thrombocytopenia (bleeding), or neutropenia (infection).
3. Blasts usually enter the blood stream, resulting in high WBC count.
4. Acute leukemia is subdivided into acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or cute myelogenous leukemia (AML) based on phenotype of the blasts.