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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
fungi
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(singular: fungus) The kingdom of nonphotosynthetic, eukaryotic organisms that absorb nutrients from their environment
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taxonomy
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The science of classification
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Monera
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(also called Prokaryotae) The kingdom of prokaryotic organisms that are unicellular and lack a true cell nucleus
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Protista
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The kingdom of organisms that are unicellular but contain internal organelles typical of the eukaryotes
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eukaryote
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An organism composed of eukaryotic cells
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eukaryotic cell
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A cell that has a distinct cell nucleus and other membrane-bound structures
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thermoacidophile
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A member of one of the groups of the archaeobacteria that live in extremely hot, acidic environments
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phylogenetic
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Pertaining to evolutionary relationships
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growth curve
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The different growth periods of a bacterial or phage population
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binomial nomenclature
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The system of taxonomy developed by Linnaeus in which each organism is assigned a genus and specific epithet
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halobacteria
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One of the groups of the archaeobacteria that live in very concentrated salt environments
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mycoplasmas
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Very small bacteria with cell membranes, RNA and DNA, but no cell walls
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five-kingdom system
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System of classifying organisms into one of five kingdoms:Monera (Prokaryotae), Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia
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polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE)
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A technique for separating proteins from a cell based in their molecular size
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dichotomous key
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Taxonomic key used to identify organisms; composed of paired (either-or) statements describing characteristics
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Chlamydiae or chlamydias
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Tiny, nonmotile, spherical bacteria; all are obligate intracellular parasites with a complex life cycle
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strain
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A subgroup of a species with one or more characteristics that distinguish it from other subgroups of that species
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protein profile
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A technique for visualizing the proteins contained in a cell; obtained by the use of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
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prokaryote
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Microorganism that lacks a cell nucleus and membrane-enclosed internal structures; all bacteria in the kingdom Monera (Prokaryotae) are prokaryotes
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divergent evolution
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Process in which descendants of a common ancestor species undergo sufficient change to be identified as separate species
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cyanobacteria
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Photosynthetic, prokaryotic, typically unicellular organisms that are members of the kingdom Monera
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domain
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A new taxonomic category above the kingdom level, consisting of the Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya
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genus
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A taxon consisting of one or more species; the first name of an organism in the binomial system of nomenclature; for example, Escherichia in Escherichia coli
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eubacteria
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True bacteria
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type strain
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Original reference strain of a bacterial species, descendants of a single isolation in pure culture
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probe
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A single-stranded DNA fragment that has a sequence of bases that can be used to identify complementary DNA base sequences
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ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
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A type of RNA that, together with specific proteins,makes up the ribosomes
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extreme thermoacidophile
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Organism requiring very hot and acidic environment; usually belonging to the Domain Archaea.
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corynebacteria
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Club-shaped, irregular, non-pore-forming, Gram-positive rods
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Archaea
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One of the three Domains of living things; all members are bacterial
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Ureaplasmas
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Bacteria with unusual cell walls, require sterols as a nutrient
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stromatolite
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Live or fossilized layered mats of photosynthetic prokaryotes associated with warm lagoons or hot springs
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methanogens
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One of the groups of the Archaeobacteria that produce methane gas
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numerical taxonomy
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Comparison of organisms based on quantitative assessment of a large number of characteristics
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Animalia
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The kingdom of organisms to which all animals belong
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genetic homology
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The similarity of DNA base sequences among organisms
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phage typing
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Use of bacteriophages to determine similarities or differences among different bacteria
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ribosome
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Site for protein synthesis consisting of RNA and protein, located in the cytoplasm
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taxon
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(plural:taxa) A category used in classification, such as species,genus,order, family
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specific epithet
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The second name of an organism in the binomial system of nonmenclature, following that of the genus—for example, coli in Escherichia coli
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Plantae
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The kingdom of organisms to which all plants belong
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species
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A group of organisms with many common characteristics; the narrowest taxon
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shrub of life
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A diagram that represents our current understanding of the early evolution of life.There are many roots rather than a single ancestral line, and the branches criss-cross and merge again and again
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archaeobacteria
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Prokaryotic organisms lacking peptidoglycan in their cell walls and differing from eubacteria in many ways
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DNA hybridization
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Process in which the double strands of DNA of each of two organisms are split apart and the split strands from the two organisms are allowed to combine
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