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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Define ox/redox and discuss why these reactions are important to a bacterial cell's metabolism. Include role and 4 characteristics of the electron
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Oxidation means to lose electrons; reductions means to gain. Ox/redox reactions allow electrons to be moved from foods to waste products while allowing the energy to be transferred to ATP. Electrons are particles and possess energy, they can gain and release energy, and they can give energy off in a different form
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Discuss how aerobic respirators can produce more energy than fermentors
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Respirators possess 3 cycles (glycolysis, Krebs, ETS) which allows them to be more efficient. The ETS provides a large quantity of energy to produce 34-36 ATP via oxidative phosphorylation
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Contrast fermentation with aerobic respiration using at least 4 characteristics and listing the important cycles
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Fermentors produce little energy 2 ATP.foods, produce a lot of waste, not very efficient, use glycolysis;
aerobic respirators produce a lot of energy, 38 ATP/food, produce little waste, are very efficient, use glycolysis, Krebs cycle |
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Contrast exoenzymes with endoenzymes and note why each is important to a bacterial cell
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Exoenzymes are produced inside to work on the outside of the cell. They can determine the type of food an organism can eat
Endoenzymes are produced inside the cell to work inside to produce energy, build cellular material and produce waste products. These enzymes determine the type of waste product produced |
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Discuss why pyruvic acid is considered a key molecule in metabolism
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Virtually all organisms use Glycolysis as their first cycle and virtually all end at pyruvic acid. Fermenters take pyruvic acid and convert it to a final organic end product, depeneding on the type of fermentor; respirators take pyruvic acid and convert it to acetyl COA prior to the Krebs cycle
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Describe the lytic and lysogenic phases of bacteriophage viruses
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Lytic: 1) recognition/attachment 2) penetration 3) chromosome replication 4) component biosynthesis 5) assembly 6) release
Lysogenic: 1) recognition/attachment 2) penetration 3) formation of prophage--incorporation of phage DNA into host chromosome 4) replication with cell |
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Contrast phototrophs with chemolithotrophs and chemoorganotrophs
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Phototrophs use the sun's light energy
Chemolithotrophs (autotrophs) use inorganic chemicals for energy Chemoorganotrophs use organic chemicals for energy |
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List 5 important characteristics of an enzyme
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protein, globular, highly specific, catalyzes reactions, can be reused, has an active site
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Compare mycoplasms, chlamydias, and rickettsias
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Mycoplasmas: pleomorphic and lack cell walls, transmitted by direct contact and through air, grow on artificial media, cause respiratory infections
Chlamydias: round and have cell wall, transmitted by direct contact and through air, OIPs and cause NGU Rickettsia: coccobacilli and have a cell wall, transmitted by vectors, OIPs and cause RMSF |
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List and describe 3 types of organisms based on their temperature requirements
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Psychrophiles: 0C-20C; found in arctice waters, caves, harmless
Mesophiles: 20C-45C; found of humans, environment; potential pathogens Thermophiles: 55C-70C+; found in hot springs, geysers, harmless |