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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two main components of the integumentary system?
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> cutaneous membrane
> accessory structures |
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What are the two components of the cutaneous membrane?
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> epidermis
> dermis |
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What are the general functions of the skin and hypodermis?
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1) protection
2) Excretion 3) Maintenance of body temperature 4) Production of melanin 5) synthesis of vitamin D3 6) Storage of lipids 7) Detection |
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How many layers deep are thin and thick skin?
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Thin skin (normal skin) is 4 layers deep
Thick skin (hands and feet) is 5 layers deep |
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What are the names of the different layers of the epidermis?
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From inside out:
1) stratum basale 2) stratum spinosum 3) stratum granulosum 4) stratum lucidum 5) stratum corneum |
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What epidermal cell layer is responsible for epidermal ridges?
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stratum basale
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What is the point of epidermal ridges and dermal papillae?
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These structures increase the surface area and consequently the bond between the epidermis and dermis. The more prominent the ridges the better the bond.
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What are basal cells and in what epidermal layer are they located?
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basal cells are stem cells found in the stratum basale
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how long does it take for a cell to migrate from the stratum basale to the stratum coreum?
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7-10 days
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How is the stratum basale attached to the basal lamina?
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semidesmisomes
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What special cell resides in the stratum spinosum?
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dendritic cells (immune response)
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What are the main products of cells in the stratum granulosum?
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keratin and keratohyalin
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What cell layer is only present in thick skin? Where is this layer located?
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The stratum lucidum is only present in thick skin. It is located just above the stratum granulosum and below the stratum corneum
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What are sensible and insensible perspiration?
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Insensible perspiration: unintended fluid loss through skin--> approx 500 ml / day
Sensible perspiration: intentional sweating |
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Why do melanocytes produce melanin in the skin?
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It gathers cell nuclei and acts as protection from UV damage.
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What is cyanosis?
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When blood flow to your cells decreases causing the skin to look blue.
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What vitamin deficiency is responsible for rickets?
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Vitamin D3
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What are the two main layers of the dermis?
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1) the papillary layer
2) the reticular layer |
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What layer of skin does dermatitis affect?
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The papillary layer
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Where does the blood flow for the dermis / epidermis come from?
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It starts at the boundary between the dermis and hypodermis. It then travels up in corpuscles to just below the basal membrane and back down.
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What is the function of hypodermal tissue?
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It is areolar tissue that is highly vasculated and contains adipose cells. A good portion of it can be taken up by blood vessels if they dilate.
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What is the sensory network that surrounds hair folicles called?
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root hair plexus
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What is the name of the muscle responsible for goose bumps?
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erector pili
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What are the two types of hair? Which is which?
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Vellus hair is peach fuzz
Terminal Hairs are pubes |
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What are the two main axial layers of a hair?
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> internal root sheath
> external root sheath |
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What are the layers of a hair from inside out?`
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1) medulla
2) cortex 3) cuticle |
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What are the layers of a hair follicle from inside out?
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1) internal root sheath
2) external root sheath 3) glassy membrane 4) connective tissue sheath |
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What type of gland is a sebaceous gland?
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It is a holocrine gland
It is also a simple branched aveolar gland |
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What are the two types of sweat glands?
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Apocrine and merocrine sweat glands.
Apocrine --> pubes and actually merocrine secretion merocrine --> sweat |
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Where are sebacious glands located?
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Anywhere there is a hair follicle
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What is a sebacious follicle?
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A gland that secretes sebum but is not associated with a hair follicle
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What are ceruminous glands responsible for excreting?
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earwax
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What is another name for a nail cuticle?
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eponychium
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What are the stages of regeneration after skin injury?
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1) bleeding
2) MAst cells trigger inflammation 3) scab stabilizes and protects the area 4) germinative cells migrate around the wound 5) macrophages clean the area 6) Fibroblasts and endothelial cells move in producing granulation tissue |
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What are the two types of regenerative tissue for skin?
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germinative cells (basal cells) can regenerate dermis
Mesenchymal cells can regenerate connective tissue |
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What type of cell is responsible for forming scar tissue?
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Fibroblasts
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