Mcb 135K Aging Of The Skin Lecture

Front 1

What are the major functions of skin?

Back 1

1) Barrier.
2) Temperature control.
3) Receptor of sensory stimuli.
4) Biosynthesis (vitamin D, melanin, estrogen).
5) Inflammatory/immune reactions.
6) Excretion/secretion.

Front 2

What are the three layers of human skin called? Where are the majority of blood vessels and nerves located? Where are all the fats located? Which layer do the sebaceous glands reside in?

Back 2

1) Epidermis.
2) Dermis.
3) Subcutis.


Dermis.

Subcutis.

Dermis.

Front 3

What are some fundamental differences seen in aging and young skin?

Back 3

1) Less melanocytes in aging skin.
2) Flatter barrier between the epidermis and dermis seen int he elderly.
3) Thicker layer of stratum corneum seen in the young.
4) Thicker subcutis with more fat in the young.
5) More blood vessels in the dermis of young skin.

Front 4

Changing events in each of the three layers of skin with aging?

Back 4

1) Epidermis-Decrease in cells production, which include the Langerhan cells and malanocytes.
2) Dermis-decrease in density, blood vessels, and number of cells.
3) Others-decrease in sweat, sebaceous cells, and hair follicles.

Front 5

Functional consequences with the aging process of skin?

Back 5

1) A decreased ability in wound healing, immunity, tanning, elasticity, clearance of foreign substances, thickness.
2) An increase in blisters, infection, roughness, dryness,
cancer, fragility, insensitivity.

Front 6

What does photoaging lead to?

Back 6

Chronic collagen loss (deep wrinkles).

Front 7

How does photo-aging occur? (outline the steps)

Back 7

Too much UV radiation exposure (sunlight)--> gene expression in skin is affected (less collagen and more collagenase)--> acute collagen loss--> imperfect repair--> microscars (wrinkles).

Front 8

Treatments for photoaged skin.

Back 8

1) Antioxidants.
2) Alpha hydroxyacids.
3) Retinoids.

Front 9

Vitamin ____ is AKA retinol and is the parent retinoid. This vitamin is important for ________.

Back 9

Vitamin A. Important for development, growth, reproduction epithelia (skin, trachea, digestive system)
immune system, nervous system.

Front 10

Outline the steps for which vitamin is ingested and made into its useful form (RA).

Back 10

Ingestion--> goes into intestine as retinol (vitamin A)--> goes to liver and some is stored and others are converted into RA--> RA distributed into circulation.

Front 11

What converts retinol into all-trans-retinoic acid? What does this product do? Drugs containing this compound are used to carry out what task?

Back 11

Keratinocytes, which regulates gene expression through nuclear hormone receptors and thereby control cell differentiation and function. Drugs with this compound are used to treat photoaged skin.

Front 12

At the histologic level, what is the effect of RA on human skin?

Back 12

1) An increase in the thickness of protective layer on top of the epidermis.
2) Increase in the curvature of the barrier between the epidermis and dermis.
3) More Langerhan cells.
4) More melanocytes.

Front 13

What skin diseases can RA be used to treat?

Back 13

1) Cystic Acne.
2) Severe Dariar's Disease.
3) Psoriasis vulgaris.

Front 14

RA is both toxic and _____ at high levels of exposure.

Back 14

Teratogenic.