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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Id |
One of Freud's personality components. largely unconscious, it is the source of energy and instincts. It seeks to reduce tension, avoid pain, and gain pleasure |
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Ego |
One of Freud's personality components. uses logical thinking and planning to control consciousness and the id. Tries to find realistic ways to satisfy desire for pleasure |
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Superego |
One of Freud's personality components. inhibits the id and influences the ego to follow moralistic and ideal goals rather than just realistic ones --> right vs. wrong |
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Freud's 5 stages of psychosexual development |
Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
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Erikson's 8 stages of development |
Trust/mistrust, autonomy/shame and doubt, initiative/guilt, industry/inferiority, identity/role confusion, intimacy/isolation, generativity/stagnation, integrity/despair |
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Psychoanalytic perspective |
Personality is shaped by a person's unconscious thoughts, feelings, and memories, particularly interactions with primary early caregivers - Sigmund Freud, Erik Erikson |
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Humanistic perspective |
People are inherently good and have free will. They are driven by an actualizing tendency to realize their own highest potential - Carl Rogers |
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Behaviorist perspective |
Personality is a result of learned behavior patterns based on a person's environment - BF Skinner |
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Social Cognitive Perspective |
Personality is formed by a reciprocal interaction among behavioral, cognitive, and environmental factors |
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Trait perspective |
Personality traits are stable predispositions towards a certain behavior |
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McCrae's 5 Factor model for personality traits |
Extroversion, neuroticism, openness to experiences, agreeableness, conscientiousness |
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Biological perspective |
Much of what we call personality is at least partly due to innate biological differences among people |
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Trait vs. State controversy |
Considers the degree to which a person's reaction in a given situation is due to their personality (trait) or the situation itself (state)
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Drive reduction theory |
A physiological need creates an aroused state that drives the organism to reduce that need by engaging in some behavior |
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Incentive theory of behavior |
Incentives are external stimuli/objects/events that help induce or discourage behavior |
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Maslow's hierarchy |
Physiological need --> safety needs --> love and belongingness --> esteem needs --> self actualization |
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Psychological disorder |
A set of behavioral or psychological symptoms that are not in keeping with cultural norms and are severe enough to causes significant personal distress and/or impairment to social/occupational/personal functioning |
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Biopsychosocial approach to mental health |
Attempts to understand the role of nature vs. nurture in mental illness |
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3 Components of attitudes |
Affect (emotion), behavioral tendencies, and cognition (thought) are the 3 components of ______ |
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Principle of aggregation |
An attitude affects a person's average behavior but not necessarily each isolated act |
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Cognitive dissonance theory |
We feel tension whenever we hold two thoughts or beliefs that are incompatible or when our attitudes and behaviors don't match |
