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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is mega
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10^6
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1 L = _____ cc
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1000
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define molarity
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moles/L
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g/cc = ___ kg/m3
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1000
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what is avogadro's number
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6.02 x 10^23
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how do you solve percentage composition by mass problems?
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assume 100 grams
divide MW of element by total mass of compound |
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what is the order of electronegatives
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FONCLBRISCH fawn cull brish
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do oxidation states have to be whole numbers?
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no
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what is Z
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number of protons in the nuceus
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what is A
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protons plus neutrons
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define isotopes
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differ in neutrons same protons
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define atomic weight
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weighted average of the masses of its naturally occurring isotopes
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what are the four quantum numbers
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n l ml ms
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how do you find the n quantum number
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shell number by ROW
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how do you find the l quantum number
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values up to n-1
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how do you find ml quantum number
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-l to +l
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what does shell number tell you
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size and energy
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what does l quantum number tell you
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shape and energy
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what does ml tell you
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orientation of orbital
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define aufbau principle
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electrons occupy lowest E orbital available
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what is hund's rule
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electons in the same subshell occupy avail orbitals singly before pairing
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what is pauli exclusion principle
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no two electrons have same four quantum numbers
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what do you need to remember about the d orbital
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subtract a row number
watch out for 4s and 9s... likes to be half or full and will steal from previous s |
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what does isoelectric mean
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not charged because equal numbers of charges. ie. an element
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define diamagnetic
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an atom that has all of its electron spin paired.
repelled by magnetic field. |
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define paramagenetic
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electrons are not all spin paired.
attracted by magnetic field |
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what is planck's constant
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6.63 x 10^-34 Js
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what is the equation for the emission spectrum
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Ephoton = h(c/lambda)
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define ground state
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lowest possible energy level
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with a smaller energy change, the wavelength of the associated light will be ______. longer or shorter?
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longer
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protons and neutrons in a nucleus are held together by ____ ____ ____
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strong nuclear force
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what is alpha decay
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He 4 over 2 emitted
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waht is beta decay
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assume -
converts a neutron into a proton and an electron. electron is emmitted. A stays the same. Z goes up one. |
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what is beta plus decay
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positron emission. A is same. Z goes down.
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what is electron capture
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electron is captured from same element. Z goes down. A stays the same
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what is gamma decay
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pure energy emitted. numbers don't change at all
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what is the equation for half life
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N = No(1/2)^t/t1/2
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how can you figure out half life
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divide 100 by 1/2 and correlate 1t 2t 3t etc.
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what are the metalloids
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B Si Ge As Sb Te Po
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as we move left to right, atomic radius ______
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decreases
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as we go down a group, atomic radius ___ due to shielding
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increases
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define electronegativity
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atom's ability to pull electrons to itself when it forms a covalent bond
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acidity _____ down a group
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increases. due to larger anion.
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in resonance, can single bond electrons move around
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no it must be double and triple nonbonding electrons
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what is a lewis base
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donates electrons
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what is a lewis acid
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accepts electrons
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what holds an ionic bond together
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electrostatic attraction
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what atoms are capable of H bonds
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HNOF
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what is sublimation
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solid to gas
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what is deposition
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gas to solid
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what is fusion
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melting
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what is the equation for healt
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q = n x change in H
q = mc change in T |
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define calorie
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amount of heat required to raise one gram of water by one degree C
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when a substance absorbs or releases heat, what two things can happen
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temp change
phase change BUT NEVER BOTH |
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1 cal = ___ J
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4.2
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why is the phase diagram for water a little different that other molecules
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liquid is denser than solid. this creates a slightly negative slope along the solid liquid part.
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