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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gametogenesis Definition
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Generation of gametes through meiosis
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Terms for:
- Sperm cell formation - Formation of the ovum |
Spermatogenesis
Oogenesis |
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Location of Spermatogenesis
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Seminiferous Tubules of the Testes (male gonads)
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Location of Oogenesis
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Ovaries (female gonads)
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Female and Male Gonads are called?
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Female: Ovaries
Male: Testes |
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What kind of cells are Sperm and Ova?
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Haploid
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What is the type of cell formed from the fusion at fertilization of sperm and ova?
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Diploid Zygote
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Spermatogenesis begins with the undifferentiated diploid cells called?
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Spermatogonia
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What is the result of the multiplication, enlargement, and genomic replication of Spermatogonia?
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Primary Spermatocytes
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What happens to the Primary Spermatocytes?
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They undergo Meiosis I and yield 2 Secondary Spermatocytes.
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What happens to the Secondary Spermatocytes once formed?
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They undergo Meiosis II and produce 2 Haploid Spermatids.
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What is the net result from complete meiosis of a Primary Spermatocyte?
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1 Primary Spermatocyte = 4 Haploid Spermatids
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How are Spermatids described as cells,
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They are described as immature sperm.
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Where do Spermatids travel to once formed in the Seminiferous Tubule in the Testes?
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They travel to the Epididymis. (still in ball sack)
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Function of the Epididymis?
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Sperm maturation and storage. It looks like a coiled tube.
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What physical changes do the spermatids undergo while maturing in the Epididymis?
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They differentiate into mature sperm that will bear a flagellum for motility and an acrosome filled with degradative enzymes that facilitate penetration of the ovum during fertilization.
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What is an Acrosome?
Where is it attained? |
An Acrosome is the caplike, membrane-bound structure covering the anterior portion of the head of a spermatozoon.
It contains the enzymes needed to facilitate penetration of the ovum by degrading the ovum membrane during fertilization. Spermatids acquire this in the Epididymis. |
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Where does the newly matured sperm go from the Epididymis?
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Vas Deferens
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Where does the matured sperm go from the Vas Deferens?
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Ejaculatory Duct
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Where does the matured sperm go from the Ejaculatory Duct?
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Urethra
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Where does the matured sperm go from the Urethra?
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Penis to the outside of the body...
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General order of Spermatogenesis?
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Seminiferous tubules
Epididymis Vas Deferens Ejaculatory Duct Urethra Penis |
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Sperm is called what in the very beginning of Spermatogenesis ?
What kind of cell is it? |
Spermatogonium
Diploid cell |
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The Primary Spermatocyte
(read for general info) |
Chromosomes have doubled but are still joined at the centromere, therefore each primary Spermatocyte is said to have 23 chromosome pairs, with each member of each pair being joined at a centromere to a sister chromatid.
Diploid. Each chromosome consisting of 2 sister chromatids and have a homologue, each of which also consists of 2 sister chromatids. |
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Which Sperm term undergoes 1st and 2nd meiotic division?
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Primary Spermatocyte
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What is the end result of 1st and 2nd Meiotic division of the Primary Spermatocyte?
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4 Spermatids (Haploid cells)
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What do the Spermatids mature to become?
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Spermatozoa (in Epididymis)
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Spermatozoa are classified as what kind of cells?
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Haploid Gametes
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What 2 cells comprise the Zygote?
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Spermatozoa with Ovum
(Fusion creates a diploid cell, the zygote) |
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Oogenesis produces what kind of cell?
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A Single mature Haploid Ovum
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Where does Oogenesis begin?
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Ovary
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What is the first step of Oogenesis?
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A diploid Oogonium differentiates into a Primary Oocyte
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Which cell in Oogenesis undergoes the first Meiotic division?
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Primary Oocyte
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The Primary Oocyte undergoes Meiosis and what kind of cells are produced?
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2 Daughter cells where the cytoplasm does not split evenly, the larger one is called the Secondary Oocyte and the smaller is called the Polar Body
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What is the reason for the Secondary Oocyte and the Polar Body formation? Which one undergoes Meiosis II?
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The unequal division of the cytoplasm during Cytokinesis in Meiosis I.
The Secondary Oocyte undergoes Meiosis II. |
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What are the fates of the Polar Body?
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It may or may not divide.
If it divides, it produces 2 Haploid Polar Bodies. |
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What is the fate of the Secondary Oocyte? What does it produce?
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Undergoes Meiosis II and produces 2 Haploid Daughter Cells.
Again, unequal division of cytoplasms and the two Daughter cells are described as: 1 small Haploid Polar Body 1 Haploid Ootid |
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From which cells and when are Polar Bodies formed in Oogenesis?
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First Polar Body is formed from the Primary Oocyte during Meiosis I.
Second Polar Body is formed from the Secondary Oocyte during Meiosis II. |
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Why are the Polar Bodies formed?
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They are formed so that the Secondary Oocyte (from Meiosis I) and the Haploid Ootid (from Meiosis II) conserve most of the cytoplasm.
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Net products of Oogenesis?
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- 2 or 3 small Haploid Polar Bodies which degenerate.
- One large Haploid Ovum. |
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Order of Oogenesis
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Oogonia (Oogonium)
Primary Oocyte -- +Polar Bodies Secondary Oocyte -- + Polar Bodies -- +Haploid Ootid Ovum |
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What is an Ootid?
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The immature form of the Ovum produced by the Secondary Oocyte.
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Gamete production comparison between Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis
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Spermatogenesis: 4 functional haploid gametes.
Oogenesis: 1 functional haploid gamete. |
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Location comparison between Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis
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Spermatogenesis: Occurs in Testes
Oogenesis: Occurs in Ovaries |
