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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Activation energy is required by exothermic or endothermic cells?
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Both require energy to begin.
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What reduces activation energy needed by a cell? What effect does this have on the reaction rate?
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Enzymes. It speeds up the rate.
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Does an enzyme undergo a net change during the course of the reaction it catalyzes?
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No
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Does an enzyme emerge from a chemical reaction that is unaltered in quantity and condition?
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Yes
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Will a single enzyme typically catalyze the same reaction over and over and over again?
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Yes
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How are Equilibrium concentrations of reactants and products affected by enzymes?
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Equilibrium concentrations are NOT affected by enzymes, you fool!
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What does the addition of a catalyst do to the activation energy of a reaction?
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It lowers it, you asshole
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What effect do enzymes have on thermodynamics or free energy?
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Enzymes do NOT affect Thermodynamics or free energy of a reaction.
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After an enzyme has catalyzed a reaction several times, what happens to the quantity of the enzyme?
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NOTHING.
Enzymes are in essence "recycled". |
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Lock and Key Theory: Where does the enzyme bind on the substrate? What is this called?
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Where the enzyme is physically structured to accommodate the substrate molecule at a specific active site.
Enzyme-Substrate Complex |
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Incorporation and then Dissociation of the enzyme-substrate complex does what to the overall reaction?
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Incorporation: Allows the substrate to react with the enzyme.
Dissociation: Liberates the enzymes and the formed products. |
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Enzyme Specificity functions due to what property?
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The physical conformation of the enzyme to the substrate.
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Enzyme Specificity due to shape has generated two theories:
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Lock and Key: the enzyme's shape accommodated precisely the shape of the substrate active site.
Induced Fit: The enzyme compels the substrate to take on the shape of the reaction's transition state. |
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Lock and Key theory vs. Induced Fit theory - Which one is the prevailing model for enzyme activity?
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Induced Fit
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What variables affect an enzyme's stability and ability to function?
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pH and Temperature
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Enzymes in the stomach typically function at what pH range
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1.5-2.5
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Temperature at which most enzymes function
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37 Celsius
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When the 3D structure breaks down due to pH and/or temperature, this is called?
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Denaturation
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Denaturation of enzyme entails
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Breakdown of 3D structure (shape is critical to it's function)
This is caused by the disruption of Hydrogen bonds. There is a drop in enzymatic activity. |
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The denaturation of an enzyme causes the 3D shape to breakdown, this is due to what happening in the enzyme?
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The disrupting of Hydrogen Bonds, which helps maintain the secondary and tertiary structures.
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Pattern seen when adding a enzyme initially then over time?
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At first, only a few molecules will enter into the Enzyme-Substrate complex.
The more enzyme added = the more substrate molecules react with the enzyme to form the complex. |
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What is the difference between a Cofactor and a Coenzyme?
Give an example for each. |
Both can be required for enzyme activity, however:
Cofactors: Inorganic Substances such as Fe2+ or Cu2+ ions. Coenzymes: Organic Substances such as Vitamins. |
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Enzymes are controlled by a specific type of mechanism called
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Feedback Inhibition
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When two molecules - a substrate and an inhibitor - compete for an enzymes active site
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Competitive inhibition
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When all the available active sites on enzyme molecules are occupied by substrate molecules, this condition is called
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Saturation Point
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