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108 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
homeostasis is
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proc of mak a stable environm
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osmoregulation
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main of water and sol balance
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excretion
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remov of metab waste prod
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list homeost mech
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1. osmoregulat
2. exrecr 3. regulat of bl gluc lev 4. thermoregulat |
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what are primary homeost organs?
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1. kidneys
2. liver 3. large intest 4. skin |
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kidneys locat?
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beind stom and liver
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units of kidneys?
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nephrons
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2 reg of kidney?
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cortex, medulla, pelvis
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renal artery ---- arterioles------ ???
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glomerulus
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glomerulus is a ?
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network of capillaries
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glomerulus converges into?
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afferent arteriole
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glomer----- effer arteriole----- ???
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vsa recta
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glomerulus----- effer arteriole---- vasa recta---- enmeshes nephron tubule--- ??
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renal vein
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afferent arteriole in kidney becomes the?
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vasa recta
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kidneys
2 capill beds is a ____________ system |
portal
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nephron is made up of?
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bowmans capsule
prox conv tubule desc limb loop of henle ascend limb dist conv tubule collect duct |
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kidney
loop of henle runs thr |
medulla
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kidney
convol tubules and bowmans capsule are in? |
cortex
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cortex --- ?? ----- pelvis
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medulla
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bl plasma flows from glomerulus into the?
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bowman's capsule
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filtrate is?
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the fluid and small solutes entering nephron
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filtrate is isotonic w?
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bl plasma
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glomerulus keeps out?
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bl c and albumin
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nephron secretes
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acids, bases, ions into the filtrate
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what subst are reabsorbed in nephr?
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glucose
salkts aa water |
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urine is hypertonic to?
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blood
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walls of prox tubule and desc limb are permeable to?
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water
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walls of lower ascending limb are permeable only to?
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salt
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adh makes the walls of collect duct?
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permeable to water and urea, but only slightly perm to salt
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what parts of nephron are perm to water?
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walls of prox tubule and desc limb of loop of henle
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what hormone makes the walls of collect duct perm to water and urea?
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ADH
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osmolarity incre as you go from ?
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cortex to medulla
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what solutes contr to osmol grad?
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urea and salt (NaCl)
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in prox convul tubule what are reabsorbed?
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gluc, aa, other imp organ molec
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Na+ is reabsorbed in prox convul tubule, _________ follow passively
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water and cl-
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as filtrate flows down desc limb of into renal medulla what flows out?
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water
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t or f
water flows out of ascend limb of loop of henle |
f
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in collect dut
water reablsorption is under contr of what hormone? |
ADH
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what 2 hormones regul water reabsorp?
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aldosterone and adh
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kidney
aldost stim ? |
reabsorp of Na+. this incre water reabsorpt
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which hormone stim reabsorpt of Na+ from collect duct and leads to incre in bl press?
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aldosterone
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addisons disease. what hormone isnt made?
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aldosterone
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kidney
addisons disease causes? |
oversecret of urin with high na+ concentr
drop in bl press |
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what dis causes overscr of urin with high na+ concentrat?
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addisons disease
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what regulates aldosterone secret?
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renin-angiotensin
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ADH IS ALSO CALLED
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VASOPRESSIN
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T or F
ADH is an antidiuretic |
t
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ADH acts directly on?
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collect duct, increases its permeability to water
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what hormone acts direct on collect duct and increases its permeabl to water?
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ADH
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high solute concentr in blood causes secret of?
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ADH
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alcohol and carreine inhib?
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ADH secret
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ADH secret is inhib by what ingested substances?
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alcohol and caffeine
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alcohol and ____________ inhibit ADH secret
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carreine
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if ADH is not secreted, you will ?
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excrete dilute urin and become dehydration
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when fluid leaves collect tubule it exits the kidney thr the ?
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ureter
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ureter is a duct?
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that leads to bladder
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urine is stored in ?
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bladder
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urine exits the bladder thr?
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urethra
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diabetic. the high level of glucose overwhelms the?
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nephons act trans system
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what produces urea?
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liver
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sugars absorb dur digest are deliv to liver via?
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hepatic portal vein
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liver makes glucose into?
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glycogen
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gluconeogenesis ?
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making glucose from non carbody precurs
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t or f
liv can synt gluc from noncarbohydr precursors |
t
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what is name of process by which liver makes gluc from non carbodydr precursors?
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gluconeogenesis
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excess aa from sm intest are transp via?
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hepatic portal vein
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deamination is when?
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amino gr is remov from aa
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deamination
amino gr is remov from aa and conv into? |
ammonia
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liver combines ammonia and____________ to form urea
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carbon dioxide
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liver combines what and what to form urea?
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carbon dioxide and ammonia
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which organ combines ammonia and carbon dioxide?
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liver
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urea is made from ?
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ammonia and carbon dioxide
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liver does what things?
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1. maint gluc lev in bl
2. make urea 3. detox of toxins 4. stor of iron and vit b12 5. destr of old bl c 6. synt of bile 7. makes bl proteins 8. def against various antig 9. beta osicat of facids to ketones 10. interconv of carb, fats, aa |
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liver'
beta oxidizes fatty acids to? |
ketones
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liver stores?
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iron and vit B12
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where is bile made?
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liver
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the proc of making fatty acids to ketones is called?
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beta oxidat
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large intest absorbs?
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water and sodium
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large intest does what for homeost?
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1. absorbs water and sodium
2. excretes excess salts, calcium, iron, and other salts |
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excess calcium, iron, water, sodium are secreted by?
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large intestine
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what is the largest organ of the body?
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skin
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what are 2 maj layers of skin?
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epidermis, dermis
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what is beneath the dermis?
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hypodermis
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epidermis is made of what layers?
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stratum basalis
stratum spinosum stratum granulosum stratum lucidum stratum corneum |
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what is the deepest layer of epid?
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stratum basalis
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which layer continuosly prolif?
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stratum basalis
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what is outermost layer of skin?
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stratum corneum
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dead sk c change into?
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squames of keratin
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dermis is what layers?
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1. papillary layer
2. reticular layer |
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dermis
papillary layer is |
loose connective tiss
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dermis
reticular layer is? |
dens connect tiss
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the dermis contains?
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sweat gl, sense organs, bl vess, bulbs of hair follicles
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hypodermis is made of?
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loose connect tissue
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hypodermis is abund in?
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fat c,
it binds outer sk layers to body |
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what binds outer sk layers to the body?
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hypodermis
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spec epidermal c called _____________ synth melanin?
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melanocytes
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skin has recept for what stimuli?
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pres and temper
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skin excretes?
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water, salts
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t or f
skin is a thermoregulat organ |
t
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subcutan fat in ____________ insulates body
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hypodermis
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____________ incre metabolic rate, and incre heat product
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epinephrine
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vitiligo is caused by
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loss of epidermal melanocytes
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what dis causes loss of epidermal melanocytes.
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vitiligo
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vitiligo is probab a ?
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autoimmune disorder
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what are alternat mech for regulat body temp?
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panting
fur torpor hibernation |
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homeotherms have?
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constant body temp
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hibernation is a type of?
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torpor
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cortex
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where are the proximal and distal convuluted tubules located?
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