Mcat

Front 1

universal receiver and why

Back 1

Group AB; no antibodies against A & B

Front 2

universal donor and why

Back 2

Group O; no antigens

Front 3

shift of Hgb binding curve to right

Back 3

(1) inc in [H], i.e. low pH
(2) inc in [CO2]
(3) inc in 2,3-DPG
(4) high temp

Front 4

Bronsted-lowry acid

Back 4

Proton donor

Front 5

Lewis acid

Back 5

electron pair acceptor

Front 6

calcitonin
--secreted by?
--purpose?

Back 6

-secreted by parafollicular cells of THYROID
-lowers plasma calcium by promoting bone

Front 7

why do we say that magnetic forces do not do work?

Back 7

force is perpendicular to velocity direction of particle and magnetic field lines; SO magnteic force can change direction of particle but it can slow/speed it up

Front 8

remembering that capacitance is amt of electric charge stored for a given electric potential, what is eqn?

Back 8

C= Q/V (coulomb per volt aka farad)

Front 9

eqns for Resistors vs Capacitors in parallel

Back 9

Resistors in parallel: 1/R+1/R...
Capacitors in parallel: just add

Front 10

eqns for Resistors vs Capacitors in series

Back 10

resistors in series: just add
Capacitors in series: 1/C+1/C..

Front 11

linkages of cellulose

Back 11

1,4 Beta glycosidic bonds b.w glucoses (vs alpha in starch or glycogen)

Front 12

centripetal acceleration formula (can use same formula if need to figure out centripetal force eqn)

Back 12

=v2/r

Front 13

connectivity of conformational isomers vs constitutional isomers

Back 13

Conformational--same connectivity;
Constitutional--different connectivity

Front 14

cos 0--90
sin 0--90

Back 14

cos goes from 1 down to 0
sin goes from 0 up to 1

Front 15

colligative properties--defn & 4 properties

Back 15

depend on # of molec & NOT on size/mass of molec
If add particles..
(1) decr VP
(2) incr BP
(3) decr FP
(4) osmotic pressure

Front 16

Molality (m)

Back 16

mol solute/kg solvent

Front 17

Molarity (M)

Back 17

mol solute /L soln

Front 18

elastic collision and what's conserved

Back 18

collide & separate; momentum and KE conserved
(m1v1+m2v2)before-m1v1+m2v2 after

Front 19

perfectly inelastic collision and what's conserved

Back 19

coliide and stick;
only momentum conserved;
m1v1+m2v2=(m1+m2)v

Front 20

DNA helicase job

Back 20

unwind DNA

Front 21

DNA synthezised from ___end to ___end

Back 21

5' to 3' (add bases at the 3' end)

Front 22

high vs low pKa means what

Back 22

just like pH; lower pKa is strong acid

Front 23

when pH=pKa

Back 23

there is equal concentration of acid and its conjugate base.

Front 24

high vs low Ka

Back 24

high Ka means subs has dissociated all the way, i.e. strong acid

Front 25

which acid halides are strong acids

Back 25

HCl, HI, HBr
**HF is NOT a strong acid** (just remember that this is why we put it on our teeth)

Front 26

3 properties that affect acid strength (trend goes down and to the right)

Back 26

These make something more acidic:
1) big size
2) inc resonance
3) withdrawing groups on benzene

Front 27

these are all examples of?
H2SO4 (sulfuric acid), HNO3 (nitric acid) , HClO3 chloric acid; HClO4 perchloric acid

Back 27

strong acids (in addition to the acid halides except HF)

Front 28

eqn for gauge pressure

Back 28

Pg=(density)(gravity)(depth)

Front 29

eqn for dilution

Back 29

MV initial=MV final
where M is molarity (aka mol solute/kg solvent)

Front 30

for each mol of ATP used, how much energy released?

Back 30

7 kcal

Front 31

for block on incline place, what is force parallel to incline (pulling block down)

Back 31

F=mg sin theta

Front 32

force of gravity eqn

Back 32

F=Gmm/r2

where each m is a different mass

Front 33

Current: eqn relating it to Q and what is it measured in?

Back 33

I = Q/T (charge per time)
meas in amperes

Front 34

where does glycolysis occur

Back 34

cytoplasm

Front 35

how does distance between genes affect their likelihood of crossing over?

Back 35

closer genes=less chance b/c more likely that their linked

Front 36

how many bonds b/w A and T/U

Back 36

2

Front 37

How many bonds between C and G

Back 37

3

Front 38

how is Keq affected by catalyst

Back 38

it isnt

Front 39

how to approach ideal gases

Back 39

-low pressure
-high temp
-mono-atomic gases
-lower molecular wt
-weaker intermolecular forces

Front 40

how to find pH range

Back 40

take exponent of 10 (n) to find pH but range is n-1 to n
(ex) 6.2x10^-5 then pH range is 4-5

Front 41

in elements, A stands for?
____script position

Back 41

mass number <superscript>

Front 42

in element symbol, Z stands for?
____script position

Back 42

atomic #(aka proton #)
<subscript>

Front 43

in the kreb's cycle, pyruvate is converted to

Back 43

acetly coA

Front 44

IR spectra for -OH

Back 44

3000-3500 (very broad)

Front 45

IR spectra for C=O

Back 45

1750 ish

Front 46

IR spectra for triple bonds

Back 46

2100-2600

Front 47

IR spectra for alkenes

Back 47

1650 ish

Front 48

IR specra for amines

Back 48

3300 ish; sharp

Front 49

is work scalar or vector

Back 49

scalar

Front 50

kinases ___ phosphate
vs
phosphotase____phosphate

Back 50

kinases add phosphate;
phosphotases remove phosphate

Front 51

which strand has okasak fragments

Back 51

lagging strand

Front 52

isochoric means?

Back 52

constant volume

Front 53

2 life cycles of bacteriorphage

Back 53

lytic--virion replicated then bacteria lysed
lysogenic--integrate into host cell so passed down to all offspring

Front 54

max tension in elevator cable

Back 54

when elevator goes up

Front 55

what goes in/out in Na-K pump

Back 55

2K in for 3Na out

Front 56

micro

Back 56

10^-6

Front 57

nano

Back 57

10^-9

Front 58

Purines?

Back 58

Adenine and guanine (pure as gold)

Front 59

pyrimidines?

Back 59

cytosine, thymine, uracil

Front 60

1 mol of gas will occupy ___L of vol

Back 60

22.4

Front 61

origin of myelin sheaths in CNS vs PNS

Back 61

CNS-oligodendrocytes;
PNS--Schwann cells

Front 62

Pico

Back 62

10^-12

Front 63

point mutation

Back 63

one base switched for another

Front 64

if obj is at focal length, image will be projected at

Back 64

infinitiy

Front 65

posterior pituitary hormones

Back 65

ADH and Oxytocin

Front 66

Power =

Back 66

work/time

Front 67

velocity in x and y for projectile motion

Back 67

Vx=(Vorg)cos theta
Vy=(Vorg)sin theta

*Vy=0 at max ht; Vx constant throughout flight

Front 68

promoter DNA sequence that is crucial in forming the transcription initation complex

Back 68

TATA box

Front 69

smooth muscle develops from which germ layer

Back 69

mesoderm

Front 70

prevents "supercoiling of DNA" by breaking and reattaching strands

Back 70

topoisomerase

Front 71

torque is + when movement is clockwise or counterclock?

Back 71

counterclock

Front 72

where are ribosomes made

Back 72

nucleus

Front 73

velocity vs time graph tells us what 2 things

Back 73

slope is acceleration and area under curve is displacement

Front 74

Turner syndrome letters

Back 74

XO; no 2ndary sex characteristics

Front 75

what are nitriles

Back 75

C triple bonded to N
aka cyanides

Front 76

3 steps of translation

Back 76

(1) inititation
(2) elongation
(3) termination

Front 77

3 stop codons

Back 77

UAA
UAG
UGA

Front 78

conditions for total internal reflection

Back 78

moving from area of higher index of refraction to lower index of refraction

Front 79

what is needed to convert trypsinogen to trypsin

Back 79

enterokinase

Front 80

what distinguishes a purine from a pyrimidine

Back 80

purine=2 rings
pyrimidine=1 ring

Front 81

Open vs closed vs isolated systems

Back 81

open-exchange energy & matter;
closed-exchange energy
isolated-no exchange

Front 82

what group of cells is responsible for cell mediated immunity vs humoral immunity

Back 82

cell mediated: T cells
Humoral immunity: B cells

Front 83

what germ layer develops into epithelial linings

Back 83

endoderm

Front 84

what changes vs remains dame when light ray moves from air to another medium

Back 84

speed and wavelength change but freq stays same

Front 85

what is frameshift mutation

Back 85

addition/deletion of base pairs, causing it to be read in wrong frame

Front 86

what is an amp and what does it measure

Back 86

amp=ampere=coulomb/sec;
measures current (moving charge)

Front 87

what area of loop of henle NOT permeable to water which creates the countercurrent multiplier

Back 87

ascending loop is NOT permeable to water

Front 88

Ohm's Law

Back 88

V = IR
(R must be constant and V can vary)

Front 89

what is specific gravity

Back 89

density of obj/density of water

Front 90

nucleoside vs nucleotide

Back 90

Nucleoside=base + pentose
Nucleotide=base+pentose+phosphate

Front 91

electron affinity vs ionization energy

Back 91

basically opposites. Electron affinity refers to the change in energy when an electron is added to an atom while ionization energy is the energy change to remove an electron.

Front 92

density of phases in most substances vs density of phases in water

Back 92

solid > liq> gas
liq> solid> gas

Front 93

what is name of sequence of nucleotides on mRNA that is complementary to the rRNA in the 30S subunit

Back 93

shine dalgarno sequence

Front 94

what is start codon

Back 94

AUG (methionine)

Front 95

what kind of solvent is favored by sn2 rxns

Back 95

polar aprotic (non hydrogen bonding) solvents

Front 96

What stimulates release of bile

Back 96

CCK released from duodenum in response to chyme

Front 97

Nervous system, lens of eye, inner ear comes from what germ layer

Back 97

ectoderm

Front 98

what type of immunity is responsible for making immunobodies after one has been exposed to sickness

Back 98

humoral

Front 99

when substance freezes (liq to solid) the heat of _____ is given off

Back 99

heat of fusion given off (vs heat of fusion taken in when goes from solid to liq)

Front 100

where does electron transport chain occur in prok vs euk

Back 100

prok--cell membrane
euk--inner mitochon membrane

Front 101

what electromagnetic wave is more readily absorbed: long or short wavelengths

Back 101

short wavelength

Front 102

what is absorbed more: IR spectra or visible light?

Back 102

visible light absorbed more because shorter wavelength

Front 103

why do 3'amines have lower BP than 1' or 2'?

Back 103

b/c they cant form H bonds.

Front 104

Klinfelters syndrome letters?

Back 104

XXY

Front 105

1st law of thermodynamics

Back 105

energy constant, cant be created nor destroyed

Front 106

2nd law of thermodynamics

Back 106

move toward disorder (high entropy; pos S)

Front 107

ligament connects?

Back 107

bone to bone

Front 108

surface area of sphere

Back 108

4 ii r^2 (vol is 4/3iir^3)

Front 109

newtons first law

Back 109

law of inertia (obj velocity wont change unless force acts upon it)

Front 110

center of mass eqn (used for ques that ask where balancing pt is on stick)

Back 110

you choose origin;
m1x1+m2x2+.../m1+m2...

Front 111

torque eqn and what is it measured in

Back 111

torque=rFsin (theta)
meas in N*m (dont change to joules)

Front 112

when work done ON system, PE____
vs
when work done BY system, PE _______

Back 112

ON system: PE inc
BY system: PE dec (b/c convert PE to KE)

Front 113

impulse is change in momentum, or

Back 113

Force x time (can graph force vs time)

Front 114

total pressure of fluid = ___ + ____

Back 114

Gauge pressure + atm P

Front 115

Buoyancy force =

Back 115

density of fluid x vol subs x g

Front 116

Electric force eqn; what does it mean qhen Fe is neg vs pos

Back 116

Fe=kq1q2/r^2
-pos when same charges; neg when opposite charges

Front 117

4 conditions that must be met for Bernouilli's eqn to be true

Back 117

1) constant density (cant compress the fluid)
2) no friction (small viscosity)
3) streamlined aka laminar flow
4) steady flow

Front 118

bernouillis eqn

Back 118

P+1/2(density)v^2+(density)gy=same thing

Front 119

electric potential eqn and is measured in what?

Back 119

=kQ/r or joule/coulomb or VOLT

*make it NEG if attract

Front 120

actual electrons move from ____potential to ___potential

Back 120

lower potential to higher potential

Front 121

Resistance is meas in

Back 121

ohms

Front 122

resistance of insulators vs conductors

Back 122

insulators: high resistance; wire is thin & long
conductors: low resistance; wire thick & short

Front 123

what symbol tells you that charges moving out of page vs into page

Back 123

out of page-dot
into page- X

Front 124

Hooke's law tells us about what & what's eqn

Back 124

tells us about restoring force of spring, neg sign b/c restoring force opposite to displacement
F= -kx
(x is amplitude; high k when stiff spring so will need bigger force to restore spring)

Front 125

elastic potential energy eqn

Back 125

PE=1/2kx^2

Front 126

how to figure out freq of wave when given pic of a transverse wave

Back 126

add # of crests & troughs then /2

Front 127

speed of wave is determined by ___ & ____; doesnt matter about _____

Back 127

speed of wave determined by type of wave & medium; doesnt matter about freq

Front 128

why does sound travel fast in water

Back 128

water resists compression (the greater the compression, the faster the sound travels)

Front 129

what is our hearing threshold

Back 129

10^-12

Front 130

eqn to find intensity of sound in decibels

Back 130

=10log I/Io where Io is our hearing threshold (10^-12)

Front 131

what is doppler effect

Back 131

apparent shift in freq produced by moving source (if moving towards each other then perceived higher freq aka higher pitch)

Front 132

order of EM waves in order of increasing freq & decreasing wavelength

Back 132

radio/micro/infrared/visible/UV/Xrays/gamma rays

Front 133

ROYGBIV (what side has highfreq/short wavelength & vicecersa)

Back 133

Red (long wavelength & low freq)
Violet (short wavelength & high freq)

Front 134

angle of incidence =?

Back 134

angle of reflection

Front 135

if move from LOW n to HIGH n, light bends...

Back 135

TOWARD normal

Front 136

if move from HIGH n to LOW n, light bends..

Back 136

AWAY from normal

Front 137

if i (image distance) is + then image is... ____&_____

Back 137

real and inverted

Front 138

if i (image distance) is - then image is... ____&_____

Back 138

virutal and upright

Front 139

lens power meas in ? and what is eqn

Back 139

Power meas in Diopters; =1/f where f is focal length

Front 140

if magnification (m= -i/o) is neg then image is? vs pos then

Back 140

m is + then image erect; - then inverted

Front 141

intra vs intermolecular bonds

Back 141

intra-within molec
inter-b/w molec

Front 142

H bonds occur when H bonded to ____ bonds with ____

Back 142

OSFN

Front 143

4 quantum #s and what does each tell you

Back 143

n--shell (period#)
l--subshell (0 to n-1)
m sub l--orbital (-l to l)
m sub o--spin

Front 144

BP elevation/FP depression eqn (used to figure out new BP/FP when subs added to something)

Back 144

change in temp=iBm
where i is # of particles (ie 2 if salt added b/c separates into Na & Cl)
B can be B or F (BP or FP constant)
m is molality (mol solute/kg solvent)

Front 145

what = what at equivalence pt on titration curve

Back 145

pH=pKa

Front 146

what is eqn for Ksp & what is it telling us?

Back 146

Ksp=[products]
If low Ksp then more likely to percipitate

Front 147

LEO is A GERC refers to what?

Back 147

where e- loss/gained in electrochemical cell
LEO is A=Loss of Electrons, Oxidation, Anode
GERC=Gain Electrons, Reduction, Cathode

Front 148

when doing electron configuration, e- fill lowest E levels according to Aufbau principle (pyramid thing) EXCEPT for

Back 148

Chromium and Copper columns (take 1 out of s and put it in d)
Cr is 4s1,3d5 (more imp to have 1/2 of d filled than all of s)

Front 149

when transition metals become cations where are there e- coming from

Back 149

valence s subshell before d subshell

Front 150

wavelength of.... red, blue (remember trick) and violet

Back 150

red=700nm
blue=420nm ("blue 42")
violet=400nm

Front 151

what is a Bohr atom

Back 151

one electron system (H, He+, Li2+)

Front 152

order of electronegativity (remember german-like word)

Back 152

Fon-Cl-Brisch

Front 153

atomic radius PT trend

Back 153

down and to left

Front 154

if subs gains some heat & have to figure out how much temp changed, what eqn to use?

Back 154

q=mc∆t

Front 155

inc temp does what to solubility (remember to consider the PHASE)

Back 155

inc solubility of sol in liq
Dec solubility of gas in liq (so bubbles form)

Front 156

when particles added to soln, VP decr, but how figure out by how much it decr

Back 156

∆VP= (-X)(VPo)
where X is mole frxn (mol solute/total mols)
VPo is org VP

Front 157

Keq eqn

Back 157

[prods]/[reactants]
but only use aq & g

Front 158

re: LeChatlier's principle, what happens when inert gas added

Back 158

NOTHING b/c they wont react

Front 159

pH of pure water neutral at ____Celsius

Back 159

25 (therefore, pH+pOH=14 only at 25 Celsius

Front 160

1 cal = ___ joules

Back 160

4.2

Front 161

E = q + W tells us what

Back 161

energy cant be created/destroyed but can be trasnferred (ie heat produced)

Front 162

total cell potential (E°) is found similarly to ΔH b/c add up 1/2 rxns but different b/c

Back 162

both you switch sign but for E°, you dont have to multiply E° of half rxn by # if rxn had to be multiplied by #