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140 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Oxytocin
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made in hypothalamus; milk release & labor contractions
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ADH (vasopressin)
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antidiuretic hormone; made in hypothalamus; stored in post. pituitary; water reabsorption in kidneys; acts in collecting duct
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FSH
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follicle stimulating hormone; ant. pituitary; follicle maturation
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LH
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leutinizing hormone; ant. pituitary; role in ovulation
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ACTH
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adrenal corticotropic hormone; ant. pituitary; regulation of adrenal cortex hormones
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TSH
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thyroid stimulating hormone; ant. pituitary; thyroxine relase
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Prolactin
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ant. pituitary; milk production
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Endorphins
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ant. pituitary; pleasure sensations
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GH
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growth hormone; ant. pituitary; muscle & bone maturation, glucose regulation
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Insulin
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B-cells in pancreas in islets of langerhans; decrease serum glucose; increase glucose absorption
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Glucagon
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A-cells in pancreas; increase serum glucose; glycogen breakdown; gluconeogenesis
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Thyroxine
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thyroid; metabolism
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Calcitonin
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thyroid; decrease serum calcium; build bone
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PTH
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parathyroid hormone; parathyroid; increase serum calcium; breakdown bone
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Aldosterone
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adrenal cortex; Na and H2O uptake in distal convoluted tubules
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Epinephrine
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adrenal medulla; elevate heart rate
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Testosterone
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testes; development and maintenance of reproductive system
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Estrogen
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ovaries; development and maintenance of reproductive system
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Progesterone
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ovaries; maintain uterus lining for implantation
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Newton's 2nd law?
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F=ma
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Force of gravity equation?
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f=Gmm/r^2
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Torque equation?
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t=rFsin0
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Work equation?
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W=Fd
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Kinetic energy equation?
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1/2mv^2
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Work energy theorem equation?
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Wnet=KEf-KEi
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Gravitational potential energy?
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U=mgh
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Average power?
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P=dE/dt
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Conservative forces?
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energy conserved, path independent-gravity/spring
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nonconservative forces?
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energy not conserved, path dependent-friction
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momentum equation?
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p=mv
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Elastic collision?
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momentum and KE conserved
m1v1 + m2v2=m1`v1` + m2`v2` |
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inelastic collision?
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m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1+m2)V
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principal quantum number?
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energy level of electrons
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azmuthal quantum number (l)?
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orbital/subshell l=0- (n-1)
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magnetic quantum number (Ml)?
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orientation of orbital
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spin quantum number (Ms)?
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+1/2, -1/2
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effective nuclear charge (Z)?
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attractive positive charge of nucleus as percieved by valence electron- increases right-left and down-up
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atomic radius?
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decreases as Z increases- decreases left-right and bottom to top
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ionization energy?
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energy required to remove electron- increases with Z
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electron affinity?
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energy released when electron gained- increases with Z
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electronegativity?
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attraction of electrons in bond-increases with Z
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dalton's law, partial pressure?
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P=XPtot
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fischer projections?
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atoms going left and right out of page
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Sn1 conditions?
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protic solvent, any nucleophile, 3-2-1 substrate
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Sn2 conditions?
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aprotic solvent, strong nucleophile, 1-2-3 substrate
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E1 conditions?
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protic solvent, any nucleophile, 3-2-1 substrate
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E2 conditions?
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strong bulky base, any substrate (1,2 or 3),
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spermatogenesis?
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haploid spermatogonium-diploid spermatocyte- 2 secondary spermatocytes-4 sperm cells
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morula?
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zygote-murula (solid ball of cells)
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blastula?
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zygote-morula-blastula (hollow ball of cells with fliud middle)
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gastrula?
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zygote-morula-blastula-gastrula (three cell layers)
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ectoderm?
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nervous system, epidermis, eye lens, inner ear
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endoderm?
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digestive tract, lungs, liver, pancreas
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mesoderm?
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muscles, skeleton, circulatory, kidneys
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1st law of thermodynamics?
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U=Q-W
W is neg if environment does work on system |
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frequency of spring?
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2(pi)f= (k/m)^1/2
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Hooke's law?
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F=kx
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Total energy of spring?
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E=KE+PE=1/2kA^2
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potential energy of spring?
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1/2kx^2
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frequency of pendulum?
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2(pi)f= (g/l)^1/2
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Wave velocity equation?
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v=lamba (f)
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sound intensity?
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B=10log(I/1x10^-12)
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beat frequency?
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fbeat=absvalue(f1-f2)
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electric field equation?
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F=qE
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coulomb's law?
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F=kQq/r^2
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electric potential?
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V=U/q=kq/r
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B field of straight wire?
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B=uI/2(pi)r
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B-field of circular wire?
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B=uI/2r
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magnetic force?
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F=qvBsin0
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parallel plate capacitor?
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V=Ed
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ohm's law?
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V=IR
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electric power?
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P=IV=I^2R
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electrical resistance?
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R=pL/A
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capacitance?
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C=Q/V=eA/d
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free energy?
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dG=dH-TdS
dG=-nFE dG=-RTlnK |
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specific heat?
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q=mc(dT)
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phase change heat?
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q=mL
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molality?
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moles solute/kg solvent
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boiling point elevation?
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dT=Km
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freezing point depression?
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dT=Km
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vapor pressure depression (Raoult's)?
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P=XPo
X=mol solvent/mol solute+solvent |
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markovnikov addition?
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most stable carbocation intermediate
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antimarkovnikov addition?
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H+ binds to most substituted carbon; happens with light and peroxides
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hoffman product?
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elimination rxns-least substituted double bond formed (E1)
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zaitsev product?
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elimination rxns- most substituted double bond formed
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hukel's rule?
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aromatic if number of pi electrons =2,6,10,14,...
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specific immune response?
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t4 cell activates t8 and b-cells if antigen present
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non-specific immune response?
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macrophages-always activated
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functions of liver?
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detox, glycogen, bile production, urea production
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CCK enzyme?
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coordinates release of enzymes in digestion; duodenum
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food in esophogus?
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bolus
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food in stomach?
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chime
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amylase?
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produced in mouth/pancreas; active in mouth and duodenum; starch
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pepsin?
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produced in stomach; active in stomach; proteins
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trypsin?
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made in pancreas; active in stomach; proteins
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maltase?
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made by intestine; active in duodenum; maltose-2 glucose
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lipase?
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made in pancreas; active in duodenum; lipids
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carboxypeptidase?
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made in pancreas; active in duodenum; proteins
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aminopeptidase?
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made by intestine; active in duodenum; proteins
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enterkinase?
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made by intestine; active in duodenum; activates pancreas enzymes
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bile salts?
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made by liver; active in duodenum; breaks down fats
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foramen ovale?
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connects fetal R. atrium and L. atrium
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ductus arteriosus?
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connects fetal pulm. artery and aorta
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shifting right O2 dissociation curve means what?
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lowers O2 affinity
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what is cooperative binding?
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2nd O2 binds hemoglobin easier
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fluid piston force and area equations?
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F1d1=F2d2
A1d1=A2d2 |
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hydrostatic pressure?
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P=P0 + pgz
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buoyancy?
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Fb=pgV
density of fluid volume=fluid displaced by object |
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fluid flow continuity?
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A1v1=A2v2
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young's modulus?
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Y=(F/A)/(dL/L)
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photon?
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E=hf
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index of refraction?
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n=c/v
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snell's law?
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n1sin01=n2sin02
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mirror/lens equation?
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(1/f)=(1/d0)+(1/di)
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magnification equation?
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m=-di/do
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lewis acid?
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accepts electrons
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lewis base?
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donates electrons
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amphoteric?
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can act as acid and base
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go from molarity to normality?
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multiply M by H or OH value
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go from normality to molarity?
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divide N by H or OH value
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henderson-hasselbach?
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buffers!
pH=pKa+log(conj./acid/base) |
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emf of electrochemical cell?
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Ecell=Ecath-Eanode
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nernst equation?
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E=E0-(constant)(anode/cathode)
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Rf value on TLC?
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Rf=dist. traveled/dist. solvent travels
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what's the pH at anode in isoelectric focusing gel?
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low
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pH at cathode on isoelectric focusing gel?
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high
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permeability of water and Na in descending loop of henle?
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water permeable, not Na
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permeability of water and Na in ascending loop of Henle?
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Na permeable, not water
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estrogen inhibits...?
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LH and FSH
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adenine and guanine are purines or pyrimidines?
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purines
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cytosine, tyrosine, uracil are pyrimidines or purines?
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pyrimidines
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enzyme that elongates DNA during replication
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DNA polymerase III
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enzyme that removes RNA primer during replication
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DNA polymerase I
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enzyme that seals backbone in DNA replication
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DNA ligase
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what direction is RNA transcribed?
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5-3
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peptidyl transferase?
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makes peptide bonds in ribosome
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missense mutation?
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point mutation; makes a stop codon
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nonsense mutation?
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point mutation; causes a different amino acid
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degeneracy mutation?
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point mutation; doesn't change amino acid
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hardy weinberg conditions?
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random mating, no migration, no natural selection, no mutations, large population
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